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[科技报告 ] Innovation for Sustainable Productivity Growth 进入全文
OECD
Total support to the agricultural sector across the 54 countries covered by this report averaged USD 842 billion per year during 2021-23. Many of the countries covered by the OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation report provide support to their sectors, using policies that include market price support (tariffs and other border measures, MPS) that changes the price farmers receive for their products, or via various forms of budgetary transfers, such as output or input subsidies, payments for environmental services, or general services such as infrastructure development.
[科技报告 ] Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2024 进入全文
OECD
This annual report monitors and evaluates agricultural policies in 54 countries, including the 38 OECD countries, the five non‑OECD EU Member States, and 11 emerging economies. It finds that despite some modest declines in recent years, support to agriculture has remained close to recent historical highs. While changes in support have been limited, agricultural policies have been both reactive and proactive, boosting the sector’s capacity to respond to current challenges while aiming to ensure that food systems are fit for purpose as future conditions evolve. This year’s report focuses on policies fostering sustainable productivity growth in agriculture. Governments are applying a large variety of approaches to improve productivity while preserving natural resources and reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The report notes, however, that clearly defined targets related to sustainable productivity growth and measurable indicators of progress are important to ensure that policies achieve their stated objectives. The report also notes that making more effective use of producer support to promote innovation and environmental sustainability on the farm, and refocusing overall support towards targeted R&D, can better leverage public spending to deliver public goods and sustainable productivity growth. In line with the 2022 OECD Agriculture Ministerial Declaration, the report identifies a seven-point policy agenda for making agriculture more sustainable, productive and resilient, and for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural support and markets.
[科技报告 ] The challenge of measuring and achieving sustainable agricultural productivity growth 进入全文
OECD
Overcoming the challenges facing food systems requires producing more with fewer inputs, while reducing the impact on natural resources. Sustainable agricultural productivity growth involves using innovative technologies and practices that increase productivity, while also reducing pressures on the environment. While the economic productivity of agriculture is fundamental to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goal 2 of ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture, it is not enough. Agricultural activity growth also needs to ensure environmental and social sustainability.
[学术文献 ] 全球农业贸易规则演变与中国粮食安全战略 进入全文
中国知网
当前,全球农业贸易规则正从多边治理向多边—双边双重治理转换、由低标准治理向高标准治理提升、由边境规则向边境内规则拓展、由规则协调刚性向包容并蓄转变,这是全球地缘政治经济格局变动下国家竞争的结果。文章重点考察了农业贸易规则演变对中国粮食安全的影响。研究发现,农业市场准入规则加剧了粮食贸易逆差,投资规则可能诱发跨国公司在华垄断,高标准SPS规则降低了农产品竞争力,而知识产权保护、环境保护、电子商务、竞争中性等边境内规则对中国粮食安全产生了多重影响。在此基础上,文章从构建全球自由贸易区网络、主动对接和积极构建农业贸易规则、构建竞争有序的粮食市场体系、加强外商投资的引导与监管、加快培育国内粮食龙头企业、完善粮食安全应急保障机制等六个方面提出强化粮食安全的战略举措。
[学术文献 ] 粮食安全视域下国外应对粮价上涨的经验及启示 进入全文
中国知网
粮食供需区间失衡和能源短缺是世界粮价上涨的主要原因。农业资源弱化和粮食高消耗低储备是粮价上涨的重要因素。国外应对粮价上涨所采取的积极措施为我国确保粮价稳定提供了借鉴。稳定粮食价格，保障粮食安全具有重大现实意义。
[学术文献 ] 2023年我国粮食供应链体系建设分析 进入全文
中国知网
论文分析了2023年我国粮食供应链的现状，如粮食供应链在生产、进出口、收储、运输、加工、销售等方面不断创新，总结了在实践中探索的多种供应链模式，如以期货市场、集团企业、批发市场（国家粮食交易中心）、物流企业、新零售企业、数字技术企业、生产基地、肥料企业、展会、“粮食物流通道”、省级区域品牌为核心的粮食供应链和中谷物流供应链等，分析了我国粮食供应链创新应用存在的问题及其发展的七大趋势，即数字化、绿色化、安全化、全球化、协同化、智能化和标准化；提出了中国式粮食供应链创新的政策建议。
