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[学术文献 ] Impact of water availability on food security in GCC: Systematic literature review-based policy recommendations for a sustainable future 进入全文
ELSEVIER
Despite being the most food-secure region among Arab countries, the Gulf Coordination Council (GCC) region is predicted to face challenges in food security. The study aimed to develop evidence-based policy recommendations to promote sustainable water use, enhance agricultural productivity, and ensure food security in the GCC countries. Using a systematic literature review approach, we examined 64 peer-reviewed articles (2010-May 2024) focused on the impact of water availability in enhancing the GCC regions' food security. The GCC region faces severe challenges in water availability due to its hyper-arid climate, depleting non-renewable groundwater reserves, rapid urbanization, climate change impacts, and population growth, highlighting the need for efficient and sustainable water management. Innovative strategies have enabled efficient water management in the GCC region, facilitating food production (i.e., subsurface drip irrigation, variable rate irrigation, deficit irrigation strategy, desalination plants, and wastewater treatment plants). Source markets and supply chain disruptions have motivated the GCC countries to impose policy recommendations to enhance food security (i.e., controlled water discharge,crop suitability assessments, proper water management practices, shifting to drought-tolerant crops, and leveraging virtual water trade). Such implementations should be further researched based on expert scientific contribution and collaborative efforts facilitated via increased funding and resources. Political differences among GCC countries have created challenges in developing collaborative efforts in food production. Based on our systematic review, we have outlined policy recommendations to secure water availability for food production in the GCC region. We emphasize the importance of promoting research and development, addressing socio-economic barriers, and enhancing data-driven decision-making as pivotal strategies for sustainable water management and agricultural resilience.
[学术文献 ] Exploring Indigenous food sovereignty and food environments characteristics through food interventions in Canada: a scoping review. 进入全文
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
Indigenous food sovereignty (IFS) has the potential to reconnect Indigenous peoples in Canada to their food systems, reduce health problems and improve food security. Using PRISMA-ScR guidelines to search Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Cabi databases, this review sought to explore the characteristics of IFS promotion and the food environments involved through food and nutrition interventions in Indigenous communities in Canada. Data from 30 relevant studies published between 2004 and 2022 were included, analysed and synthesised using a thematic approach based on key IFS principles and a food environment typology. Most studies were conducted in urban contexts, mainly in provinces with the largest Indigenous populations. Local descriptions of IFS showed conceptual and operational similarities. Among the four key principles of IFS, the principle of participation was the most reported. Gardening, farming, hunting, fishing and gathering were the main food activities used to operationalise IFS in traditional and cultivated food environments. Several IFS facilitators and barriers were identified. The IFS movement that emerged from the literature in Canada advocates for a healthy and sustainable food system based on traditional beliefs and controlled by communities to ensure wellbeing and food security. This review provides evidence of converging visions for food autonomy despite the heterogeneity of Indigenous nations in Canada.
[学术文献 ] Mechanisms and application of mycotoxin decontamination techniques in stored grains 进入全文
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Ensuring the safe storage of food grains is paramount for global food security. However, mycotoxin contamination poses a significant threat by compromising grain quality and consumer health. Various decontamination techniques are employed to inactivate toxins, each with distinct mechanisms of toxin inactivation. This review examines the pivotal mechanisms in reducing mycotoxin levels in stored grains, elucidating the principles and pathways underlying novel decontamination techniques such as cold plasma, ozone, photocatalysis, nanoparticle adsorbents, and microbial enzymes, and assesses their practical application and industrial feasibility. Our thorough investigation reveals that the effectiveness of decontamination techniques relies on three fundamental mechanisms: adsorption, treatment with reactive chemical species, and biotransformation. Several novel technologies are highly effective in laboratory tests, but face challenges at the industrial scale. Current research indicates that novel decontamination techniques, including pulsed light, photocatalysis, and microbial enzymes, hold much promise in significantly reducing fungal growth and mycotoxin contamination in grains. However, it is also evident that techniques with high efficacy in reducing fungal infestations are not necessarily effective in eradicating mycotoxin contamination. A combinatory approach to these techniques is the way forward, and future research should focus on hybrid treatments to enhance the effectiveness of these technologies on an industrial scale. This review aims to bolster food safety and mitigate economic losses linked to mycotoxin contamination in grains by offering a theoretical basis for developing and implementing effective decontamination strategies.
[学术文献 ] 澳大利亚农业2022—2024年发展现状与未来趋势 进入全文
中国知网
澳大利亚是世界上最干旱的大陆之一，但其多年来生产出了比其人口需求多得多的食物，农业及农产品出口在国民经济中占有重要地位。本文综述了澳大利亚2022—2024年农业发展的最新现状，包括澳大利亚农业所需资源、农业产值持续增长、谷物生产、生物安全体系、气候影响、农业研发投入、农业科技、农民与就业等；举例介绍了澳大利亚与中国、太平洋岛国、拉丁美洲、东盟等主要国家及经济体的贸易新进展；展望了澳大利亚在农业产值、粮食需求和水产养殖产业的增长、正在变化的全球发展视野、对土壤的重视与保护、减排方面的积极作为、重塑食物系统、支持细胞农业作为未来可持续发展的重要方案、国家农业创新优先事项等多方面的农业发展未来趋势，为我国农业政策制定、科技研究、贸易经济等方面提供一定的信息支撑。
[学术文献 ] Relationship between solar radiation and meteorological variables in predictive models for crop yields 进入全文
UNIV FEDERAL CAMPINA GRANDE
Knowledge of the complicated correlation between meteorological variables and crop yield is crucial for food security and agricultural sustainability. This study aimed to investigate how incident solar radiation has affected crop production in the Gadarif region of Sudan over the last 41 years. Using a predictive framework, trends in annual incident solar radiation and temporal variations during sorghum and sesame growing seasons were examined and machine learning (ML) with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Boosted Regression Forest (BRF), and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) was used to predict crop yield. Significant relationships between incident solar radiation indicators and crop yields were identified via detrending approaches and correlation analyses. Results indicate a significant inverse correlation between solar radiation and sorghum yield, and a positive correlation between sesame yield and solar radiation. For both sorghum and sesame yield, K-NN was the most accurate model, demonstrating the significance of incident solar radiation and temperature in predicting crop yield. These findings highlight the potential of ML to improve agricultural forecasting models and inform adaptive agricultural practices in the region. In general, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between incident solar radiation and crop yield, emphasizing the importance of considering meteorological factors in agricultural planning and management.
[学术文献 ] 基于粮食安全贡献度的新疆耕地与粮食供求格局变化及影响研究 进入全文
中国知网
为探究新疆耕地与粮食供求格局变化以及耕地变化对粮食生产的影响，本研究采用土地利用动态度分析2000—2020新疆耕地和粮食种植面积时空变化，结合消费统计法和粮食安全贡献度（FSP）模型测算新疆对国家以及各地州对新疆粮食安全的贡献，进一步厘清新疆粮食供求时空格局变化，利用敏感度模型探究耕地面积变化对粮食生产的影响。结果表明：耕地和粮食播种面积整体稳步增加，分别增加2.877×106和8.070×105 hm2；小麦和玉米种植面积约占80%，20 a间玉米种植面积增加近2倍，小麦种植面积小幅减少；粮食供给始终大于需求，供求由紧平衡逐渐过渡为有一定盈余空间；新疆对国家粮食安全贡献度均为正值，均值为2.3%，做出一定的贡献；各地州对新疆的粮食安全贡献度空间上差异显著，重心由南疆向北疆转移；合理的耕地保护和土地规划的积极影响促使耕地面积的提升与粮食生产量的增加互相促进。研究表明，基于粮食安全贡献度科学测度地区粮食供求状况，对推动地区粮食工作和相关政策的制定具有重要参考意义。
