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[学术文献 ] Mechanisms and application of mycotoxin decontamination techniques in stored grains 进入全文
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Ensuring the safe storage of food grains is paramount for global food security. However, mycotoxin contamination poses a significant threat by compromising grain quality and consumer health. Various decontamination techniques are employed to inactivate toxins, each with distinct mechanisms of toxin inactivation. This review examines the pivotal mechanisms in reducing mycotoxin levels in stored grains, elucidating the principles and pathways underlying novel decontamination techniques such as cold plasma, ozone, photocatalysis, nanoparticle adsorbents, and microbial enzymes, and assesses their practical application and industrial feasibility. Our thorough investigation reveals that the effectiveness of decontamination techniques relies on three fundamental mechanisms: adsorption, treatment with reactive chemical species, and biotransformation. Several novel technologies are highly effective in laboratory tests, but face challenges at the industrial scale. Current research indicates that novel decontamination techniques, including pulsed light, photocatalysis, and microbial enzymes, hold much promise in significantly reducing fungal growth and mycotoxin contamination in grains. However, it is also evident that techniques with high efficacy in reducing fungal infestations are not necessarily effective in eradicating mycotoxin contamination. A combinatory approach to these techniques is the way forward, and future research should focus on hybrid treatments to enhance the effectiveness of these technologies on an industrial scale. This review aims to bolster food safety and mitigate economic losses linked to mycotoxin contamination in grains by offering a theoretical basis for developing and implementing effective decontamination strategies.
[学术文献 ] 澳大利亚农业2022—2024年发展现状与未来趋势 进入全文
中国知网
澳大利亚是世界上最干旱的大陆之一，但其多年来生产出了比其人口需求多得多的食物，农业及农产品出口在国民经济中占有重要地位。本文综述了澳大利亚2022—2024年农业发展的最新现状，包括澳大利亚农业所需资源、农业产值持续增长、谷物生产、生物安全体系、气候影响、农业研发投入、农业科技、农民与就业等；举例介绍了澳大利亚与中国、太平洋岛国、拉丁美洲、东盟等主要国家及经济体的贸易新进展；展望了澳大利亚在农业产值、粮食需求和水产养殖产业的增长、正在变化的全球发展视野、对土壤的重视与保护、减排方面的积极作为、重塑食物系统、支持细胞农业作为未来可持续发展的重要方案、国家农业创新优先事项等多方面的农业发展未来趋势，为我国农业政策制定、科技研究、贸易经济等方面提供一定的信息支撑。
[学术文献 ] Relationship between solar radiation and meteorological variables in predictive models for crop yields 进入全文
UNIV FEDERAL CAMPINA GRANDE
Knowledge of the complicated correlation between meteorological variables and crop yield is crucial for food security and agricultural sustainability. This study aimed to investigate how incident solar radiation has affected crop production in the Gadarif region of Sudan over the last 41 years. Using a predictive framework, trends in annual incident solar radiation and temporal variations during sorghum and sesame growing seasons were examined and machine learning (ML) with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Boosted Regression Forest (BRF), and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) was used to predict crop yield. Significant relationships between incident solar radiation indicators and crop yields were identified via detrending approaches and correlation analyses. Results indicate a significant inverse correlation between solar radiation and sorghum yield, and a positive correlation between sesame yield and solar radiation. For both sorghum and sesame yield, K-NN was the most accurate model, demonstrating the significance of incident solar radiation and temperature in predicting crop yield. These findings highlight the potential of ML to improve agricultural forecasting models and inform adaptive agricultural practices in the region. In general, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between incident solar radiation and crop yield, emphasizing the importance of considering meteorological factors in agricultural planning and management.
[学术文献 ] 基于粮食安全贡献度的新疆耕地与粮食供求格局变化及影响研究 进入全文
中国知网
为探究新疆耕地与粮食供求格局变化以及耕地变化对粮食生产的影响，本研究采用土地利用动态度分析2000—2020新疆耕地和粮食种植面积时空变化，结合消费统计法和粮食安全贡献度（FSP）模型测算新疆对国家以及各地州对新疆粮食安全的贡献，进一步厘清新疆粮食供求时空格局变化，利用敏感度模型探究耕地面积变化对粮食生产的影响。结果表明：耕地和粮食播种面积整体稳步增加，分别增加2.877×106和8.070×105 hm2；小麦和玉米种植面积约占80%，20 a间玉米种植面积增加近2倍，小麦种植面积小幅减少；粮食供给始终大于需求，供求由紧平衡逐渐过渡为有一定盈余空间；新疆对国家粮食安全贡献度均为正值，均值为2.3%，做出一定的贡献；各地州对新疆的粮食安全贡献度空间上差异显著，重心由南疆向北疆转移；合理的耕地保护和土地规划的积极影响促使耕地面积的提升与粮食生产量的增加互相促进。研究表明，基于粮食安全贡献度科学测度地区粮食供求状况，对推动地区粮食工作和相关政策的制定具有重要参考意义。
[学术文献 ] 可持续发展理念下澳大利亚食品产业现状与未来趋势 进入全文
中国知网
为了解澳大利亚食品产业在可持续发展理念下的最新现状与未来趋势，综述了澳大利亚食物安全和食物浪费情况，以及食品产业对温室气体排放和环境的影响，以促进可持续发展。其战略途径主要是从农场到餐桌整个供应链上采取综合措施，譬如开发替代蛋白食品来源、学习土著人的适应能力、发展更公平且可持续的价值链、从线性食物链转变为食物网、升级食物废弃物利用等。发挥食品加工在改善食物安全和可持续性方面的作用，引入数字转型技术、5G技术、人工智能、替代蛋白质和食品安全技术创新，大力发展植物基食品、太空食品和海洋食品等。在可持续发展的理念下，澳大利亚政府把生物多样性保护和监管放在重要位置；食品行业相关协会和研究机构对研究的投入和反食物浪费方面也做出了积极贡献；食品企业把可持续发展作为一种思维定式和经营方式，把地球作为关键利益方来考虑，体现了社会责任；人们关注食物生产对地球环境的影响，使得植物性素食方式在澳大利亚很受欢迎。通过各利益相关方共同行动形成合力，澳大利亚食品产业期待在可持续性发展上有更好的未来，这为我国食品行业同仁提供了一定的信息参考。
[学术文献 ] 澳大利亚细胞农业2023—2024年发展态势 进入全文
中国知网
人类消费不可持续产品已超出了地球的承受能力，细胞农业将可能成为人类食物系统多样化的一个契机，有望提高食物供应的可持续性，并减少消费过多动物食品的伦理道德问题。细胞农业在澳大利亚虽处于萌芽阶段，但具有巨大潜力。本文从食物安全、森林面积减少、生物多样性丧失、气候变化、公共健康、动物福利6个方面解释了为什么要发展细胞农业，介绍了当前澳大利亚细胞农业面临的培养基细胞、味道和质地、基础设施可及性三大技术挑战，综述了2023—2024年澳大利亚细胞农业在技术、管理、行业建设和人才培养方面的最新进展，强调要从合作、政府、投资、规模和消费者五个层面来发展。细胞农业的未来以培养相应的从业人才、深化跨学科和开放获取的研究、建设大规模制造能力、友好的政策环境、公开的监管框架和扩大社会接受度为主。2024年，将重点发展细胞农业的价值链生态系统以及提高澳大利亚在该领域投资和建设的吸引力。
