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[学术文献 ] The Role of Domestic Formal and Informal Institutions in Food Security: Research on the European Union Countries 进入全文
MDPI
Although food seems abundant in the European Union, challenges related to specific aspects of food securitycontinue to exist and require ongoing attention. A country's food security depends on various economic, social, environmental, and institutional factors, which are studied using several scientific research methodologies. The role of institutions in determining national success and failure has been increasingly emphasized in recent academic discourse. Our research makes a novel contribution to the literature on institutions and food security by integrating New Institutional Economics with food security metrics. It aims to examine the relationships between food securitydimensions and country-specific institutional matrices in the twenty EU member states from 2012 to 2019. How strong were those relationships, and how did they differ between the new and old member states? Food security is proxied by the Global Food Security Index and its three pillars (economic accessibility, physical availability, and quality and safety). The institutional quality of a country is represented by the Worldwide Governance Indicators (regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption). Using the food security indices as the dependent variables, we apply multiple regression models to identify which institutions determined national food security over time. The study revealed that between 2012 and 2019, there was no evidence of sigma convergence or reduction in the dispersion of institutional quality (except for control of corruption) and overall food security within the EU20. The domestic institutions were generally statistically significantly positively related to the GFSI and its elements. The weakest correlations for the EU20 were those linking institutional variables with food quality and safety. The rule of law, incorporating such formal institutions as the quality of contract enforcement and property rights, positively affected food security within the EU20, with the mostgreatest impact on food quality, safety, and availability. The dependence of food security on national institutional factors was stronger in new member states from Central and Eastern Europe. The exploratory results shed some light on the role of institutions in shaping food security. However, further research is required to gain a more detailed understanding of this phenomenon. The research findings suggest that policymakers in the EU countries could enhance national institutions to promote food security and, consequently, achieve the Sustainable Development Goals more effectively.
[学术文献 ] Constructing a composite index to evaluate multidimensional variations in food security over different regions 进入全文
SPRINGER
Understanding food security level on a large scale is crucial for grasping global food security and issuing timely warnings about regional food systems risks. Current regional spatiotemporal distribution and multidimensional comparisons of global food security are insufficient. Therefore, this paper proposed a weighting technique combing the subjective AHP method with the objective CRITIC method, and developed a new composite index to measure food security multidimensionally. Using the food security composite index (FSCI), this study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of food security in different dimensions at both global and regional levels, based on panel data from 2001 to 2020. The variation of FSCI remained stable in the quantity dimension across all regions, with significant improvements in economic security observed in Europe and Latin America and Caribbean, and Asia showed an upward trend in resource dimension. Compared to the global average, Europe had a pronounced advantage, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa had a significant disadvantage.
[学术文献 ] The evolution of food security in Japan-Based on an indicator evaluation system including climate change indicators 进入全文
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
As climate change intensifies, food security has received widespread attention. This study examines the development of Japan's food security index and its relationship with climate change. From these findings, a food security indicator system for Japan was established. The food security system has six dimensions: availability, nutrition, climate change, society, economics, and fertilizer. The factors affecting food security are complex and variable, and this paper adds the Fertilizer Security Index (FSI) to the previous studies. The overuse of fertilizers directly contributes to soil and atmospheric pollution, which can indirectly lead to issues of food quality insecurity. Including this factor within the food security system is fully justified. This enhances the precision of the food security index system to some degree. The results showed that Japan's overall food security index exhibited a slight downward trend from 0.113 in 1980 to 0.099 in 2022. Food security reached its lowest point of about 0.067 in 1993. In addition, all five indicators, except the fertilizer index, put pressure on the food security index. Due to the uncertainty inherent in climate change, specifically its ambiguous positive and negative impacts on food security, the Climate Change Security Index provides detailed evidence in this paper supporting whether climate change contributes to or undermines food security. Finally, the study put forward recommendations to ensure food security.
[学术文献 ] 粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿机制研究 进入全文
中国知网
[目的]构建粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿机制，对于做到“两个不吃亏”，提升“两个积极性”，实现主产区粮食稳产保供、主销区粮食安全、产销区协调发展及共同富裕具有重要意义。[方法]通过文献研究分析法文章对产销区粮食生产、农民收入、财政收入、经济发展、产业结构等进行了比较。[结果]研究表明，主产区是我国粮食生产的核心区，成为确保国家粮食安全的“压舱石”，但主产区也面临着诸多困境：粮食生产发展与农民增收不同步、与财政收入增加不协同、与经济实力增强不同频、与产业结构优化不统一。强化粮食产销区横向利益补偿具有历史必然性，是生产关系适应生产力发展规律在粮食生产中的直接体现、是确保国家粮食安全的内在要求、是建设农业强国的必然要求、是促进产销区区域协调发展的必然选择。[结论]建议应进一步浓缩粮食主产区、有效甄别补偿对象、精准确定补偿依据、动态调整补偿标准、创新补偿方式、拓展补偿资金来源、明确补偿目标、加强补偿效果评价等，加快构建粮食产销区横向利益补偿机制。
[学术文献 ] 北京市主要粮食作物单产现状、对策与建议 进入全文
中国知网
我国始终将粮食安全作为治国理政的头等大事，大面积提高粮食单产已成为粮食生产的重心。为了解北京市主要粮食作物的单产水平现状，通过对北京市13个主要涉农区的粮食生产情况开展调研，梳理限制全市粮食作物单产水平提升的若干因素，挖掘出当前粮食生产过程中存在的农业生产基础条件差、种粮主体积极性不高、先进技术覆盖率较低等问题，从进一步挖掘高产潜力、打造高产典型、促进大面积均衡增产等方面提出对策与建议。
[学术文献 ] 转基因技术赋能大豆产业的现状、挑战与展望 进入全文
中国知网
为了探寻大豆产业的创新发展路径，系统梳理了大豆转基因技术的发展历程、技术原理，以及转基因大豆应用的现状、面临的挑战及应用前景。转基因技术在大豆领域的运用，极大地提升了大豆在抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂方面的性能，同时也对大豆品质改良起到了关键作用。然而，转基因大豆的安全性问题引发了社会各界广泛关注与讨论。随着生物技术的持续革新，转基因大豆有望在助力保障全球粮食安全、满足不断增长的市场需求等方面发挥更为关键的作用。
