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[学术文献 ] 镰刀菌病原体与粮食安全研究进展 进入全文
中国知网
镰刀菌是世界范围内一种普遍存在的病原菌,影响植物的生长发育,严重威胁全球粮食安全和生物多样性。几乎所有的镰刀菌都会产生真菌毒素,其毒素种类繁多且致病性强。毒性较大的主要有单端孢霉烯族毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEA)和伏马菌素等。一方面,真菌毒素作为致病因子可感染多种植物,引起生长发育迟缓、果实或种子腐烂、叶子发黄、枯萎、溃烂、根或茎腐烂等症状,造成严重的作物损失与经济损失,是农业中备受关注的主题;另一方面,镰刀菌也被认为是人类和动物真菌感染的病原体,其毒素污染粮食和食物,引起人类和动物的相关病症,在免疫功能低下的患者中具有广泛的临床表现。大多数情况下,镰刀菌病很难控制,因为真菌很容易克服寄主对各种控制方法的抗性。本文综述了镰刀菌的最新研究进展,探讨了其与植物互作机制及其对粮食安全的影响。同时,详细介绍了识别镰刀菌的不同方法,旨在推动对这种不可避免的食品污染物进行综合管理的研究,以促进全球粮食安全的可持续发展。
[学术文献 ] 粮食安全背景下平衡耕地保护与农户利益的可持续发展策略研究 进入全文
中国知网
基于国内粮食产能数据及国家海关总署近年来公布的粮食进出口数据，分析国家粮食安全现状，深入研究农户利益与耕地保护政策之间的关系，有助于探索出更加合理有效的政策措施，确保耕地数量不减少、质量不下降，进而稳定粮食产量，增强国家应对各类粮食安全风险的能力，同时保障农户的收益。本文采用理论分析法和归纳演绎法，对粮食安全背景下平衡耕地保护与农户利益相关问题开展研究。研究表明，建立健全的宣传机制，能够让农户切身体会到耕地保护与粮食安全的重要性。通过精细化分类管理各类耕地流出类别，严控耕地流出增量、恢复历史耕地流出存量、协调变更已进行耕地利用的非耕地，能够实现耕地的可持续保护和合理利用。通过相应政策支持，能有效解决耕地保护要求下农户利益与政策目标间的矛盾。耕地保护制度与农户利益相互影响、相互制约，只有通过完善政策、强化服务、增进沟通等综合措施协调好两者关系，才能在保障国家耕地资源安全的基础上维护农户切身利益，形成推动农业农村可持续发展的多赢局面。
[学术文献 ] The influence mechanism of environmental regulations on food security: the mediating effect of technological innovation 进入全文
SPRINGER
Food security is an important cornerstone for stable global development. This paper selects 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022 as the sample interval to explore the impact of environmental regulations on food security and selects the entropy method to conduct a comprehensive measurement of food security. Moreover, the mediating role of technological innovation is discussed, and a spatial panel model is used to analyse the spatial spillover effect of environmental regulations on food security. The main findings are as follows: in the benchmark regression, the coefficient value of environmental regulation is 0.173, which positively promotes the development of food securityat the 1% significance level, and the promoting effect is more obvious in the western region. Furthermore, environmental regulations have a significantly positive effect on the coefficient of technological innovation, indicating that technological innovation plays a mediating role. From the perspective of the spatial spillover effect, the environmental regulation coefficient is also significantly positive, indicating that the impact of environmental regulation on food security will influence the development of food security in surrounding areas. The research suggests that local governments should attach greater importance to and supervise environmental governance, combine technological innovation with environmental reform, and better ensure food security.
[学术文献 ] The problem with food security assessments and a case for food sovereignty evaluative tools: comparing food security and food sovereignty assessments in Haiti 进入全文
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
In this paper, we compare food security assessments from the World Food Programme, the Global Food Cluster, and the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification that inform Haitian food policy and service provisioning with the results from a food sovereignty assessment conducted in Haiti's North Department in 2024. We ultimately argue that food sovereignty evaluative tools can illuminate much that food security reports often overlook, including the significance of land access to food security, insights into gendered food insecurity, the relationships between food security health and mental health, localized experiences of climate change, and the impacts of economic policies on food culture.
[学术文献 ] China food security comprehensive assessment dataset 2012-2022 进入全文
NATURE PORTFOLIO
Ensuring food security is an eternal issue in the development process of human society, and as a major global grain-producing country, China has played an important role in stabilizing world food security. However, China's food security is facing new challenges in the context of the new development pattern, and the existing grain statistics are fragmented and not comprehensive enough to meet the needs of current food security assessment studies. In this study, we constructed the time-series China food security comprehensive assessment dataset (CFSAD), which includes five categories of grain, rice, wheat, maize and soybean, and covers five dimensions of the basic guarantee level, the market operation situation, the scientific and technological support capacity, the resource and environmental conditions, and the level of purchasing power, and includes fourteen indicators. Our dataset enables a more scientific and comprehensive assessment of China's food security situation, which can provide data support for effective government policy making and academic research.
[学术文献 ] The Role of Domestic Formal and Informal Institutions in Food Security: Research on the European Union Countries 进入全文
MDPI
Although food seems abundant in the European Union, challenges related to specific aspects of food securitycontinue to exist and require ongoing attention. A country's food security depends on various economic, social, environmental, and institutional factors, which are studied using several scientific research methodologies. The role of institutions in determining national success and failure has been increasingly emphasized in recent academic discourse. Our research makes a novel contribution to the literature on institutions and food security by integrating New Institutional Economics with food security metrics. It aims to examine the relationships between food securitydimensions and country-specific institutional matrices in the twenty EU member states from 2012 to 2019. How strong were those relationships, and how did they differ between the new and old member states? Food security is proxied by the Global Food Security Index and its three pillars (economic accessibility, physical availability, and quality and safety). The institutional quality of a country is represented by the Worldwide Governance Indicators (regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption). Using the food security indices as the dependent variables, we apply multiple regression models to identify which institutions determined national food security over time. The study revealed that between 2012 and 2019, there was no evidence of sigma convergence or reduction in the dispersion of institutional quality (except for control of corruption) and overall food security within the EU20. The domestic institutions were generally statistically significantly positively related to the GFSI and its elements. The weakest correlations for the EU20 were those linking institutional variables with food quality and safety. The rule of law, incorporating such formal institutions as the quality of contract enforcement and property rights, positively affected food security within the EU20, with the mostgreatest impact on food quality, safety, and availability. The dependence of food security on national institutional factors was stronger in new member states from Central and Eastern Europe. The exploratory results shed some light on the role of institutions in shaping food security. However, further research is required to gain a more detailed understanding of this phenomenon. The research findings suggest that policymakers in the EU countries could enhance national institutions to promote food security and, consequently, achieve the Sustainable Development Goals more effectively.
