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[学术文献 ] The phased pan-genome of tetraploid European potato 进入全文
Nature
Potatoes were first brought to Europe in the sixteenth century. Two hundred years later, one of the species had become one of the most important food sources across the entire continent and, later, even the entire world. However, its highly heterozygous, autotetraploid genome has complicated its improvement since then. Here we present the pan-genome of European potatoes generated from phased genome assemblies of ten historical potato cultivars, which includes approximately 85% of all haplotypes segregating in Europe. Sequence diversity between the haplotypes was extremely high (for example, 20× higher than in humans), owing to numerous introgressions from wild potato species. By contrast, haplotype diversity was very low, in agreement with the population bottlenecks caused by domestication and transition to Europe. To illustrate a practical application of the pan-genome, we converted it into a haplotype graph and used it to generate phased, megabase-scale pseudo-genome assemblies of commercial potatoes (including the famous French fries potato ‘Russet Burbank’) using cost-efficient short reads only. In summary, we present a nearly complete pan-genome of autotetraploid European potato, we describe extraordinarily high sequence diversity in a domesticated crop, and we outline how this resource might be used to accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and research.
[前沿资讯 ] 江苏多地做强专业园区促进企业集聚 期待合成生物产业“合成”更多惊喜 进入全文
江苏省人民政府
3月31日，2025第三届合成生物学产业博览会在南京江北新区举办，展会热度很高，吸引了近百家参展方。近年来，我国高度重视生物制造产业发展，合成生物技术作为核心驱动力，已成为推进制造强国建设的重要抓手。江苏多地积极布局合成生物产业园区，如长三角合成生物产业创新园等，推动产业集聚。同时，合成生物技术在医疗健康、食品、农业等领域应用广泛，吸引了众多企业进入。聚焦生物医药、食品、生物基材料等方向，强化产业源头技术创新，支持相关中心及高校院所布局合成生物学研究，突破生物制造核心技术。
[学术文献 ] Colony pattern multistability emerges from a bistable switch 进入全文
PNAS
Microbial colony development hinges upon a myriad of factors, including mechanical, biochemical, and environmental niches, which collectively shape spatial patterns governed by intricate gene regulatory networks. The inherent complexity of this phenomenon necessitates innovative approaches to comprehend and compare the mechanisms driving pattern formation. Here, we unveil the multistability of bacterial colony patterns, where bacterial colony patterns can stabilize into multiple distinct types including ring-like patterns and sector-like patterns on hard agar, orchestrated by a simple synthetic bistable switch. Utilizing quantitative imaging and spatially resolved transcriptome approaches, we explore the deterministic process of a ring-like colony pattern formation from a single cell. This process is primarily driven by bifurcation events programmed by the gene regulatory network and microenvironmental cues. Additionally, we observe a noise-induced process amplified by the founder effect, leading to patterns of symmetry-break during range expansion. The degrees of asymmetry are profoundly influenced by the initial conditions of single progenitor cells during the nascent stages of colony development. These findings underscore how the process of range expansion enables individual cells, exposed to a uniform growth-promoting environment, to exhibit inherent capabilities in generating emergent, self-organized behavior.
[政策法规 ] 韩国通过合成生物学促进法案 进入全文
韩联社
"韩国国会日前表决通过《合成生物学促进法案》，将合成生物学确立为国家核心技术并制定专项培育政策。该法案由韩国科学技术信息通信部主导推进，旨在通过系统性政策支持提升韩国在该领域的全球竞争力，抢占未来生物技术制高点。 合成生物学核心在于对基因、蛋白质等生物元件进行标准化重组，形成“生物积木”式创新应用，如汽车组装般构建新型生命系统。按照韩国国家科学技术咨询委员会的评估，韩国当前合成生物学竞争力位列全球第七。此次通过的法案要求韩国科学技术信息通信部每五年制定国家基本计划，设立专项政策机构与研发基地，构建“政—研—产”协同创新体系。韩国科学技术信息通信部表示，该法案为韩国把握生物经济革命性机遇提供了国家战略框架。该法案的通过将推动总投资1263亿韩元的国家级“生物铸造工厂”建设。该设施借鉴半导体晶圆厂模式，通过AI技术实现生物元件设计—构建—测试的全流程自动化，可将生物元件开发周期缩短80%。 韩国政府表示，将聚焦合成生物学引发的全球生物市场范式变革，重点突破基因编辑、人工细胞设计等关键技术，目标在2030年前跻身全球前五大技术强国。韩国业界分析指出，随着法案实施，韩国生物医药、生物制造、碳中和等战略产业将获得更多底层技术支撑。"
[前沿资讯 ] First skin-transplant potato variety obtained plant breeders’ rights 进入全文
Keygene
The Board for Plant Varieties in the Netherlands has granted plant breeders’ rights to a groundbreaking new potato variety – the first of its kind to feature a skin transplant. This new variety is developed using KeyGene’s proprietary 2S1® technique for creating graft hybrids, showcasing the potential of this method. The 2S1® technique allows for the creation of superior and stable new varieties by combining desirable skin traits, such as drought tolerance and insect repellence from one variety, with high-yield traits from another.
[学术文献 ] Mitochondrial gene editing and allotopic expression unveil the role of orf125 in the induction of male fertility in some Solanum spp. hybrids and in the evolution of the common potato 进入全文
wiley
Genic-cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) due to interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes is a well-known phenomenon in some Solanum spp. hybrids, but genes involved are not known. In this study, the chondriomes of two isonuclear male-fertile and sterile somatic hybrids (SH9A and SH9B, respectively) between the common potato (S. tuberosum Group Tuberosum, tbr) and the wild species S. commersonii were sequenced and compared to those of parental species to identify mitochondrial genes involved in the expression of male sterility. A putative novel gene (orf125) was found only in tbr and in male-sterile hybrids. Physical or functional deletion of orf125 by mtDNA editing in SH9B and its allotopic expression in SH9A clearly demonstrated that orf125 affects male fertility. Besides knockout mutants induced by mitoTALEN and DddA-derived cytosine base editing, specific orf125 missense mutations generated by the latter approach also induced reversion to male fertility in edited SH9B plants, prompting further studies on ORF125 structure–function relationship. The organization of the mitochondrial genome region implicated in CMS was found to be conserved across all common potato accessions, while an identical copy of tbr orf125 was detected in accessions belonging to the S. berthaultii species complex (ber). Such findings corroborate the hypothesis that ber accessions with T/β cytoplasm outcrossed as female with Andean potato, giving rise to the differentiation of the Chilean potato, and highlight the origin of mitochondrial factors contributing to genic-cytoplasmic male sterility in some tuber-bearing Solanum hybrids. Our results contribute to the development of innovative breeding approaches in potato.
