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[科研项目 ] International Atomic Energy Agency study seeks to make more nutritious crops 进入全文
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
The IAEA, through its Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, is inviting research institutes to join the new one-year research project CRP to enhance climate resilience and improve the nutritional quality of crops such as cassava, taro, citrus and avocado. The new coordinated research project (CRP), Building Resilience to Climate Change: Enhancing Biodiversity in Annual and Perennial Crops with Nuclear Innovations, will develop and optimize nuclear and related techniques to support the improvement of these crops. The CRP will focus on: （1）Inducing genetic diversity through nuclear-based mutation techniques. （2）Establishing effective micropropagation methods. （3）Applying rapid generation advance strategies to shorten breeding cycles. （4）Using advanced phenotyping tools to identify superior mutant lines with enhanced stress tolerance and nutritional traits.
[学术文献 ] Plant negative-strand RNA virus phosphoprotein condensates exploit host trafficking and lipid synthesis for viral factory assembly 进入全文
Science Advances
RNA viruses often remodel host intracellular membranes to establish specialized replication compartments through viral protein–induced phase separation. However, the mechanisms underlying membrane remodeling and the characteristics that render these sites conducive to replication remain poorly understood, particularly in plant negative-strand RNA viruses. Here, we demonstrate that the phosphoprotein (P) of rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) forms biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to recruit essential components for viral replication factories (VFs). We identify a direct interaction between RSMV P and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation factor 1 (OsARF1C), a crucial regulator of the coatomer protein I (COP I) vesicle transport pathway that is vital for viral replication. This interaction indirectly recruits OsARF1C’s partner, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta (OsPI4KB), which drives localized phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate (PI4P) synthesis. Concurrently, the P protein modulates its aggregates and LLPS droplets through PI4P, thereby expanding the replication site and enhancing viral replication.
[学术文献 ] Efficient termination of transcription by RNA polymerase I requires a conserved hairpin of the ribosomal RNA precursor 进入全文
Science Advances
RNA polymerase I (Pol I) synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursor (pre-rRNA), which comprises most of RNA in eukaryotic cells. Despite decades of investigation, there is still no consensus on what causes Pol I transcription termination. Here, we show that efficient termination by Pol I, paused by termination roadblock protein, is caused by RNA hairpin of the nascent pre-rRNA. Hairpin-dependent termination takes place at a physiological rate and does not require trans-acting factors. The function of the roadblock protein and the T-rich sequence is to synergistically cause deep backtracking of Pol I toward the termination RNA hairpin. Simultaneously, Pol I is catalytically inactivated, preventing rescue from backtracking through RNA cleavage and thus committing Pol I to termination. Termination RNA hairpins are present in most of Pol I terminators of eukaryotes, suggesting conservation of the RNA hairpin–dependent mechanism of Pol I transcription termination. We propose a simple model that unifies previous findings.
[前沿资讯 ] Building a Synthetic Cell Together 进入全文
Nature Communications
Synthetic cells (SynCells) are artificial constructs designed to mimic cellular functions, offering insights into fundamental biology, as well as promising impact in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and bioengineering. Achieving a functional SynCell from the bottom up, i.e. by assembling it from molecular components, requires a global collaboration to overcome the many challenges of engineering and assembling life-like modules while addressing biosafety, equity, and ethical concerns in order to guide responsible innovation. Here, we highlight major scientific hurdles, such as the integration of functional modules by ensuring compatibility across diverse synthetic subsystems, and we propose strategies to advance the field.
[学术文献 ] Iterative SCRaMbLE for engineering synthetic genome modules and chromosomes 进入全文
Nature Communications
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is closing-in on the first synthetic eukaryotic genome with genome-wide redesigns, including LoxPsym site insertions that enable inducible genomic rearrangements in vivo via Cre recombinase through SCRaMbLE (Synthetic Chromosome Recombination and Modification by LoxPsym-mediated Evolution). Combined with selection, SCRaMbLE quickly generates phenotype-enhanced strains by diversifying gene arrangement and content. Here, we demonstrate how iterative cycles of SCRaMbLE reorganises synthetic genome modules and chromosomes to improve functions. We introduce SCOUT (SCRaMbLE Continuous Output and Universal Tracker), a reporter system that allows sorting of SCRaMbLEd cells into high-diversity pools. Paired with long-read sequencing, SCOUT enables high-throughput mapping of genotype abundance and genotype-phenotype relationships. Iterative SCRaMbLE is applied here to yeast strains with a full synthetic chromosome and histidine biosynthesis modules. Five HIS module designs are tested, and SCRaMbLE is used to optimise the poorest performer. Our results highlight iterative SCRaMbLE as a powerful tool for data driven modular genome design.
[前沿资讯 ] How Plants are Learning to Spot Sneaky Bacterial Invaders 进入全文
University of California, Davis
Scientists at the University of California, Davis, used artificial intelligence to help plants recognize a wider range of bacterial threats — which may lead to new ways to protect crops like tomatoes and potatoes from devastating diseases. The study was published in Nature Plants. Plants, like animals, have immune systems. Part of their defense toolkit includes immune receptors, which give them the ability to detect bacteria and defend against it. One of those receptors, called FLS2, helps plants recognize flagellin — a protein in the tiny tails bacteria use to swim. But bacteria are sneaky and constantly evolving to avoid detection. "Bacteria are in an arms race with their plant hosts, and they can change the underlying amino acids in flagellin to evade detection," said lead author Gitta Coaker, professor in the Department of Plant Pathology. To help plants keep up, Coaker’s team turned to using natural variation coupled with artificial intelligence — specifically AlphaFold, a tool developed to predict the 3D shape of proteins and reengineered FLS2, essentially upgrading its immune system to catch more intruders. The team focused on receptors already known to recognize more bacteria, even if they weren’t found in useful crop species. By comparing them with more narrowly focused receptors, the researchers were able to identify which amino acids to change.
