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[学术文献 ] The phased pan-genome of tetraploid European potato 进入全文
Nature
Potatoes were first brought to Europe in the sixteenth century. Two hundred years later, one of the species had become one of the most important food sources across the entire continent and, later, even the entire world. However, its highly heterozygous, autotetraploid genome has complicated its improvement since then. Here we present the pan-genome of European potatoes generated from phased genome assemblies of ten historical potato cultivars, which includes approximately 85% of all haplotypes segregating in Europe. Sequence diversity between the haplotypes was extremely high (for example, 20× higher than in humans), owing to numerous introgressions from wild potato species. By contrast, haplotype diversity was very low, in agreement with the population bottlenecks caused by domestication and transition to Europe. To illustrate a practical application of the pan-genome, we converted it into a haplotype graph and used it to generate phased, megabase-scale pseudo-genome assemblies of commercial potatoes (including the famous French fries potato ‘Russet Burbank’) using cost-efficient short reads only. In summary, we present a nearly complete pan-genome of autotetraploid European potato, we describe extraordinarily high sequence diversity in a domesticated crop, and we outline how this resource might be used to accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and research.
[前沿资讯 ] 江苏多地做强专业园区促进企业集聚 期待合成生物产业“合成”更多惊喜 进入全文
江苏省人民政府
3月31日，2025第三届合成生物学产业博览会在南京江北新区举办，展会热度很高，吸引了近百家参展方。近年来，我国高度重视生物制造产业发展，合成生物技术作为核心驱动力，已成为推进制造强国建设的重要抓手。江苏多地积极布局合成生物产业园区，如长三角合成生物产业创新园等，推动产业集聚。同时，合成生物技术在医疗健康、食品、农业等领域应用广泛，吸引了众多企业进入。聚焦生物医药、食品、生物基材料等方向，强化产业源头技术创新，支持相关中心及高校院所布局合成生物学研究，突破生物制造核心技术。
[学术文献 ] Supra-second tracking and live-cell karyotyping reveal principles of mitotic chromosome dynamics 进入全文
Nature Cell Biology
Mitotic chromosome dynamics are essential for the three-dimensional organization of the genome during the cell cycle, but the spatiotemporal characteristics of this process remain unclear due to methodological challenges. While Hi-C methods capture interchromosomal contacts, they lack single-cell temporal dynamics, whereas microscopy struggles with bleaching and phototoxicity. Here, to overcome these limitations, we introduce Facilitated Segmentation and Tracking of Chromosomes in Mitosis Pipeline (FAST CHIMP), pairing time-lapse super-resolution microscopy with deep learning. FAST CHIMP tracked all human chromosomes with 8-s resolution from prophase to telophase, identified 15 out of 23 homologue pairs in single cells and compared chromosomal positioning between mother and daughter cells. It revealed a centrosome-motion-dependent flow that governs the mapping between chromosome locations at prophase and their metaphase plate position. In addition, FAST CHIMP measured supra-second dynamics of intra- and interchromosomal contacts. This tool adds a dynamic dimension to the study of chromatin behaviour in live cells, promising advances beyond the scope of existing methods.
[学术文献 ] Colony pattern multistability emerges from a bistable switch 进入全文
PNAS
Microbial colony development hinges upon a myriad of factors, including mechanical, biochemical, and environmental niches, which collectively shape spatial patterns governed by intricate gene regulatory networks. The inherent complexity of this phenomenon necessitates innovative approaches to comprehend and compare the mechanisms driving pattern formation. Here, we unveil the multistability of bacterial colony patterns, where bacterial colony patterns can stabilize into multiple distinct types including ring-like patterns and sector-like patterns on hard agar, orchestrated by a simple synthetic bistable switch. Utilizing quantitative imaging and spatially resolved transcriptome approaches, we explore the deterministic process of a ring-like colony pattern formation from a single cell. This process is primarily driven by bifurcation events programmed by the gene regulatory network and microenvironmental cues. Additionally, we observe a noise-induced process amplified by the founder effect, leading to patterns of symmetry-break during range expansion. The degrees of asymmetry are profoundly influenced by the initial conditions of single progenitor cells during the nascent stages of colony development. These findings underscore how the process of range expansion enables individual cells, exposed to a uniform growth-promoting environment, to exhibit inherent capabilities in generating emergent, self-organized behavior.
[政策法规 ] 韩国通过合成生物学促进法案 进入全文
韩联社
"韩国国会日前表决通过《合成生物学促进法案》，将合成生物学确立为国家核心技术并制定专项培育政策。该法案由韩国科学技术信息通信部主导推进，旨在通过系统性政策支持提升韩国在该领域的全球竞争力，抢占未来生物技术制高点。 合成生物学核心在于对基因、蛋白质等生物元件进行标准化重组，形成“生物积木”式创新应用，如汽车组装般构建新型生命系统。按照韩国国家科学技术咨询委员会的评估，韩国当前合成生物学竞争力位列全球第七。此次通过的法案要求韩国科学技术信息通信部每五年制定国家基本计划，设立专项政策机构与研发基地，构建“政—研—产”协同创新体系。韩国科学技术信息通信部表示，该法案为韩国把握生物经济革命性机遇提供了国家战略框架。该法案的通过将推动总投资1263亿韩元的国家级“生物铸造工厂”建设。该设施借鉴半导体晶圆厂模式，通过AI技术实现生物元件设计—构建—测试的全流程自动化，可将生物元件开发周期缩短80%。 韩国政府表示，将聚焦合成生物学引发的全球生物市场范式变革，重点突破基因编辑、人工细胞设计等关键技术，目标在2030年前跻身全球前五大技术强国。韩国业界分析指出，随着法案实施，韩国生物医药、生物制造、碳中和等战略产业将获得更多底层技术支撑。"
[学术文献 ] The future of genome editing in plants 进入全文
nature plant
The future of genome editing in plants differs from how it is used today. For both research and product development, we need to think beyond the creation of simple single-nucleotide polymorphisms and short deletions in genes. We believe that the future of genome editing in plants involves mimicking the natural evolutionary processes that have shaped plant genomes and been the target of artificial selection during crop domestication and improvement. This includes programming large structural variations (insertions, duplications, deletions, inversions and translocations) and controlling plant recombination and endogenous transposable elements that naturally reshape plant genomes. The key is that genome editing will be used to reshape plant genomes in a manner that could have happened naturally, but now these changes can be directed rapidly in the laboratory.
