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[相关成果 ] 人工染色体、工程菌及其构建方法 进入全文
万方专利数据库
本发明涉及生物技术领域，尤其涉及人工染色体、工程菌及其构建方法。本发明将同亚种物种的500多个异源基因整合在一个环状质粒上，并将功能元件、转录元件和重排元件进行合理地排列组合，在无参考基因组指导设计的情况下完全从头设计出1024kb的完全模块化的人工染色体，该染色体是目前已知最大的基因组外合成型人工染色体。实验表明，将该质粒转化酵母获得酵母工程菌，外源基因能够实现稳定、高效的表达和精准调控，赋予了酵母耐高温、戊二酸降解、重金属耐受等新的表型，增强了其乙醇耐受性、低温、高糖等表型。为基因组工程领域带来了新的可能性，为酵母宿主的定向改造提供了一种可行而高效的解决方案。
[学术文献 ] A cellulose synthase–like protein governs the biosynthesis of Solanum alkaloids 进入全文
SCIENCE / PLANT SCIENCE
Steroid-based natural products produced in Solanum species act as chemical defense molecules against pests and pathogens, and some also have antinutritional properties for humans. Two groups now report the identification of a cellulose synthase–like protein named GAME15 that directs the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. Jozwiak et al. found that GAME15 functions both as a cholesterol glucuronosyltransferase and as a scaffolding protein in a metabolon that controls cholesterol and steroidal glycoalkaloid intermediates. Boccia et al. identified the same protein and showed that deletion of the corresponding gene in Solanum nigrum produced plants lacking both steroidal alkaloids and saponins. Identification of GAME15 will pave the way to engineering the production of chemical defense molecules in heterologous plant hosts, and may aid our understanding of the balance between chemical defense and self-toxicity.
[科研项目 ] 工信部发布《生物制造中试服务平台培育指南》征求意见稿 进入全文
中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
"2024 年 12 月 17 日，工信部编制了《生物制造中试服务平台培育指南（征求意见稿）》，拟在生物制造领域开展中试服务平台培育和遴选工作，并分期分批公布培育名单。其中囊括，技术设备条件、公共基础条件、服务能力和资质、以及知识产权保护等 4 大章节，每个章节又进行了细分，涉及若干领域，一系列仪器、设备等。"
[前沿资讯 ] AI Meets Agriculture: Reinventing Crop DNA for a Food-Secure Future 进入全文
Phytoform Labs
Precision breeding tools such as CRISPR-Cas genome editing can speed up innovation in plant biotechnology and boost crop yields. The challenge remains to efficiently apply precision breeding methods to plant gene regulation. Endogenous gene regulatory sequences are subject to complex transcriptional control, a bottleneck in altering gene expression patterns in a predictable way. Here we present the CRE.AI.TIVE platform, enabling upregulation of plant gene activity without a priori knowledge of individual cis-regulatory elements or their specific location. A predictive machine learning model underpinning the platform has been trained on a wide range of tissue specific transcriptomic and epigenomic coverage datasets from DNA sequence of 12 plant species, showing competitive performance on RNA-seq coverage prediction across all species. Our platform further combines in silico DNA sequence mutagenesis and a protoplast-based massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA). We demonstrate the platform’s functionality by mutagenesis of a proximal promoter of the tomato gene SlbHLH96 which yields predictions of variant gene activity in silico. 2,000 sequence candidates with varying predicted gene expression strength were validated with MPRA in plant protoplasts, identifying variants with significantly upregulated gene activity. A portion of functional sequence variants were further individually evaluated with a fluorescence reporter assay and were observed to contain a new order of known cis-regulatory elements. The CRE.AI.TIVE platform offers a first-of-its-kind scalable method of gene upregulation in plants with native DNA sequences without the need for CRE cataloguing and rational promoter design.
[学术文献 ] A high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Zanthoxylum nitidum 进入全文
Scientific Data
Dried roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum (2n=2x=70, family Rutaceae) was referred as “Liang-Mian-Zhen” in Chinese, acting as a valuable species due to its notable pharmacological activities. Herein, we combined PacBio HiFi data together with Hi-C mapping technology to construct a chromosome-scale reference genome assembly for Z. nitidum. The assembly reached a length of 2.24 Gb, successfully anchoring 99.31% of sequences onto 35 pseudo-chromosomes. Among these, 26 chromosomes achieved telomere-to-telomere assembly, and 11 chromosomes were gap-free. The contigs N50 and scaffolds N50 reached 57.61 Mb and 78.00 Mb, respectively. Transposable elements comprised 81.44% of the Z. nitidum genome, and over 78% of them were long-terminal repeat retrotransposon elements. Furthermore, 32,737 protein-coding genes were identified and 99.38% of all were functionally annotated. The completeness of the genome assembly and final gene sets reached 97.83% and 96.47% based on Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO), respectively. Taken together, our results provided a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of Z. nitidum genome and will be a valuable resource that will facilitate breeding varieties with higher alkaloids content.
[学术文献 ] Past innovations and future possibilities in plantchromosome engineering 进入全文
Plant Biotechnology Journal
Plant chromosome engineering has emerged as a pivotal tool in modern plant breeding,facilitating the transfer of desirable traits through the incorporation of alien chromosome fragments into plants. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the past achievements,current methodologies and future prospects of plant chromosome engineering. We begin by examining the successful integration of specific examples such as the incorporation of rye chromosome segments (e.g. the 1BL/1RS translocation), Dasypyrum villosum segments (e.g. the 6VS segment for powdery mildew resistance), Thinopyrum intermedium segments (e.g. rust resistance genes) and Thinopyrum elongatum segments (e.g. Fusarium head blight resistance genes). In addition to trait transfer, advancements in plant centromere engineering have opened new possibilities for chromosomal manipulation. This includes the development of plant minichromosomes via centromere-mediated techniques, the generation of haploids through CENH3 gene editing, and the induction of aneuploidy using KaryoCreate. The advent of CRISPR/Cas technology has further revolutionized chromosome engineering, enabling large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions and translocations, as well as enabling targeted insertion of large DNA fragments and increasing genetic recombination frequency. These advancements have significantly expanded the toolkit for genetic improvement in plants, opening new horizons for the future of plant breeding.
