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[科研项目 ] International Atomic Energy Agency study seeks to make more nutritious crops 进入全文
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
The IAEA, through its Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, is inviting research institutes to join the new one-year research project CRP to enhance climate resilience and improve the nutritional quality of crops such as cassava, taro, citrus and avocado. The new coordinated research project (CRP), Building Resilience to Climate Change: Enhancing Biodiversity in Annual and Perennial Crops with Nuclear Innovations, will develop and optimize nuclear and related techniques to support the improvement of these crops. The CRP will focus on: （1）Inducing genetic diversity through nuclear-based mutation techniques. （2）Establishing effective micropropagation methods. （3）Applying rapid generation advance strategies to shorten breeding cycles. （4）Using advanced phenotyping tools to identify superior mutant lines with enhanced stress tolerance and nutritional traits.
[学术文献 ] Super-pangenome analyses across 35 accessions of 23 Avena species highlight their complex evolutionary history and extensive genomic diversity 进入全文
Nature Genetics
Common oat, belonging to the genus Avena with 30 recognized species, is a nutritionally important cereal crop and high-quality forage worldwide. Here, we construct a genus-level super-pangenome of Avena comprising 35 high-quality genomes from 14 cultivated oat accessions and 21 wild species. The fully resolved phylogenomic analysis unveils the origin and evolutionary scenario of Avena species, and the super-pangenome analysis identifies 26.62% and 59.93% specific genes and haplotypes in wild species. We delineate the landscape of structural variations (SVs) and the transcriptome profile based 1,401 RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) samples from diverse abiotic stress treatments in oat. We highlight the crucial role of SVs in modulating gene expression and shaping adaptation to diverse stresses. Further combining SV-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we characterize 13 candidate genes associated with drought resistance such as AsARF7, validated by transgenic oat lines. Our study provides unprecedented genomic resources to facilitate genomic, evolution and molecular breeding research in oat.
[学术文献 ] Plant negative-strand RNA virus phosphoprotein condensates exploit host trafficking and lipid synthesis for viral factory assembly 进入全文
Science Advances
RNA viruses often remodel host intracellular membranes to establish specialized replication compartments through viral protein–induced phase separation. However, the mechanisms underlying membrane remodeling and the characteristics that render these sites conducive to replication remain poorly understood, particularly in plant negative-strand RNA viruses. Here, we demonstrate that the phosphoprotein (P) of rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) forms biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to recruit essential components for viral replication factories (VFs). We identify a direct interaction between RSMV P and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation factor 1 (OsARF1C), a crucial regulator of the coatomer protein I (COP I) vesicle transport pathway that is vital for viral replication. This interaction indirectly recruits OsARF1C’s partner, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta (OsPI4KB), which drives localized phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate (PI4P) synthesis. Concurrently, the P protein modulates its aggregates and LLPS droplets through PI4P, thereby expanding the replication site and enhancing viral replication.
[学术文献 ] Efficient termination of transcription by RNA polymerase I requires a conserved hairpin of the ribosomal RNA precursor 进入全文
Science Advances
RNA polymerase I (Pol I) synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursor (pre-rRNA), which comprises most of RNA in eukaryotic cells. Despite decades of investigation, there is still no consensus on what causes Pol I transcription termination. Here, we show that efficient termination by Pol I, paused by termination roadblock protein, is caused by RNA hairpin of the nascent pre-rRNA. Hairpin-dependent termination takes place at a physiological rate and does not require trans-acting factors. The function of the roadblock protein and the T-rich sequence is to synergistically cause deep backtracking of Pol I toward the termination RNA hairpin. Simultaneously, Pol I is catalytically inactivated, preventing rescue from backtracking through RNA cleavage and thus committing Pol I to termination. Termination RNA hairpins are present in most of Pol I terminators of eukaryotes, suggesting conservation of the RNA hairpin–dependent mechanism of Pol I transcription termination. We propose a simple model that unifies previous findings.
[前沿资讯 ] Building a Synthetic Cell Together 进入全文
Nature Communications
Synthetic cells (SynCells) are artificial constructs designed to mimic cellular functions, offering insights into fundamental biology, as well as promising impact in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and bioengineering. Achieving a functional SynCell from the bottom up, i.e. by assembling it from molecular components, requires a global collaboration to overcome the many challenges of engineering and assembling life-like modules while addressing biosafety, equity, and ethical concerns in order to guide responsible innovation. Here, we highlight major scientific hurdles, such as the integration of functional modules by ensuring compatibility across diverse synthetic subsystems, and we propose strategies to advance the field.
[学术文献 ] Iterative SCRaMbLE for engineering synthetic genome modules and chromosomes 进入全文
Nature Communications
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is closing-in on the first synthetic eukaryotic genome with genome-wide redesigns, including LoxPsym site insertions that enable inducible genomic rearrangements in vivo via Cre recombinase through SCRaMbLE (Synthetic Chromosome Recombination and Modification by LoxPsym-mediated Evolution). Combined with selection, SCRaMbLE quickly generates phenotype-enhanced strains by diversifying gene arrangement and content. Here, we demonstrate how iterative cycles of SCRaMbLE reorganises synthetic genome modules and chromosomes to improve functions. We introduce SCOUT (SCRaMbLE Continuous Output and Universal Tracker), a reporter system that allows sorting of SCRaMbLEd cells into high-diversity pools. Paired with long-read sequencing, SCOUT enables high-throughput mapping of genotype abundance and genotype-phenotype relationships. Iterative SCRaMbLE is applied here to yeast strains with a full synthetic chromosome and histidine biosynthesis modules. Five HIS module designs are tested, and SCRaMbLE is used to optimise the poorest performer. Our results highlight iterative SCRaMbLE as a powerful tool for data driven modular genome design.
