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[前沿资讯 ] First skin-transplant potato variety obtained plant breeders’ rights 进入全文
Keygene
The Board for Plant Varieties in the Netherlands has granted plant breeders’ rights to a groundbreaking new potato variety – the first of its kind to feature a skin transplant. This new variety is developed using KeyGene’s proprietary 2S1® technique for creating graft hybrids, showcasing the potential of this method. The 2S1® technique allows for the creation of superior and stable new varieties by combining desirable skin traits, such as drought tolerance and insect repellence from one variety, with high-yield traits from another.
[学术文献 ] Mitochondrial gene editing and allotopic expression unveil the role of orf125 in the induction of male fertility in some Solanum spp. hybrids and in the evolution of the common potato 进入全文
wiley
Genic-cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) due to interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes is a well-known phenomenon in some Solanum spp. hybrids, but genes involved are not known. In this study, the chondriomes of two isonuclear male-fertile and sterile somatic hybrids (SH9A and SH9B, respectively) between the common potato (S. tuberosum Group Tuberosum, tbr) and the wild species S. commersonii were sequenced and compared to those of parental species to identify mitochondrial genes involved in the expression of male sterility. A putative novel gene (orf125) was found only in tbr and in male-sterile hybrids. Physical or functional deletion of orf125 by mtDNA editing in SH9B and its allotopic expression in SH9A clearly demonstrated that orf125 affects male fertility. Besides knockout mutants induced by mitoTALEN and DddA-derived cytosine base editing, specific orf125 missense mutations generated by the latter approach also induced reversion to male fertility in edited SH9B plants, prompting further studies on ORF125 structure–function relationship. The organization of the mitochondrial genome region implicated in CMS was found to be conserved across all common potato accessions, while an identical copy of tbr orf125 was detected in accessions belonging to the S. berthaultii species complex (ber). Such findings corroborate the hypothesis that ber accessions with T/β cytoplasm outcrossed as female with Andean potato, giving rise to the differentiation of the Chilean potato, and highlight the origin of mitochondrial factors contributing to genic-cytoplasmic male sterility in some tuber-bearing Solanum hybrids. Our results contribute to the development of innovative breeding approaches in potato.
[学术文献 ] A high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for the agricultural pest Mythimna separata 进入全文
Scientific Data
The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, poses a persistent challenge to agricultural pest management due to its strong migratory abilities and polyphagous feeding behavior. In this study, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly using Illumina, PacBio HiFi, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The final assembly spans 714.5 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 22.7 Mb and a GC content of 38.8%. A total of 32 chromosomes were successfully anchored, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. BUSCO analysis indicated a genome completeness of 98.6%, and 19,879 protein-coding genes were predicted. The W chromosome, measuring 30.55 Mb with a repeat content of 68.34%, harbors 824 protein-coding genes. Furthermore, a PCR-based method confirmed W-linked sequences for female-specific sex detection via the ZW system. This enhanced genome assembly provides a valuable resource for evolutionary research on M. separata and facilitates the development of sex-regulated pest control strategies.
[政策法规 ] United Nations Economic Commission for Europe discusses revisions to the standard on seed potatoes to support trade 进入全文
Seedquest
During the 52nd session of UNECE’s Specialized Section on Standardization of Seed Potatoes (18–20 March 2025) in Geneva, delegates agreed on revisions to the UNECE Standard for Seed Potatoes (S-1), following a three-year review process. Initially adopted in 1961, the standard helps improve seed potato quality and safety worldwide, ensure fair competition and facilitate trade. The review was led by the delegation of Finland and included the delegations of France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Australian Seed Potato Industry Certification Authority, Euroseeds, and Potato Certification Service South Africa. Their collaboration has ensured that the standard reflects the latest industry needs and best practices. The revised standard will be presented for adoption by the UNECE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards at its 80th session on 17-19 November 2025.
[学术文献 ] De novo biosynthesis of plant lignans by synthetic yeast consortia 进入全文
Nature Chemical Biology
Reconstructing the biosynthesis of complex natural products such as lignans in yeast is challenging and can result in metabolic promiscuity, affecting the biosynthetic efficiency. Here we divide the lignan biosynthetic pathway across a synthetic yeast consortium with obligated mutualism and use ferulic acid as a metabolic bridge. This cooperative system successfully overcomes the metabolic promiscuity and synthesizes the common precursor, coniferyl alcohol. Furthermore, combined with systematic engineering strategies, we achieve the de novo synthesis of key lignan skeletons, pinoresinol and lariciresinol, and verify the scalability of the consortium by synthesizing complex lignans, including antiviral lariciresinol diglucoside. These results provide a starting engineering platform for the heterologous synthesis of lignans. In particular, the study illustrates that the yeast consortium with obligate mutualism is a promising strategy that mimics the metabolic division of labor among multiple plant cells, thereby improving the biosynthesis of long pathways and complex natural products.
[学术文献 ] Supra-second tracking and live-cell karyotyping reveal principles of mitotic chromosome dynamics 进入全文
Nature Cell Biology
Mitotic chromosome dynamics are essential for the three-dimensional organization of the genome during the cell cycle, but the spatiotemporal characteristics of this process remain unclear due to methodological challenges. While Hi-C methods capture interchromosomal contacts, they lack single-cell temporal dynamics, whereas microscopy struggles with bleaching and phototoxicity. Here, to overcome these limitations, we introduce Facilitated Segmentation and Tracking of Chromosomes in Mitosis Pipeline (FAST CHIMP), pairing time-lapse super-resolution microscopy with deep learning. FAST CHIMP tracked all human chromosomes with 8-s resolution from prophase to telophase, identified 15 out of 23 homologue pairs in single cells and compared chromosomal positioning between mother and daughter cells. It revealed a centrosome-motion-dependent flow that governs the mapping between chromosome locations at prophase and their metaphase plate position. In addition, FAST CHIMP measured supra-second dynamics of intra- and interchromosomal contacts. This tool adds a dynamic dimension to the study of chromatin behaviour in live cells, promising advances beyond the scope of existing methods.
