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[学术文献 ] Gossypium arboreum (L.): A review on its agronomic and industrial potential for sustainable cotton production 进入全文
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
Gossypium arboreum (L.), an ancient diploid cotton species native to the Indian subcontinent, holds substantial agronomic and industrial value due to its resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses and its potential for sustainable cotton production in the face of climate change. This review synthesizes current research on the agronomic, industrial, biochemical, and pharmacological attributes of G. arboreum, emphasizing its relevance as a resilient and multifunctional crop. Unlike the widely cultivated G. hirsutum, the species is naturally adapted to rainfed and low-input agricultural systems, displaying strong resistance to drought, pests, and major cotton diseases, making it suitable for organic and environmentally sustainable farming. Despite limitations in fiber length and fineness compared to tetraploid species like G. hirsutum, it has industrial applications in absorbent cotton, handlooms, and coarse yarn, and is now gaining recognition in niche markets for its naturally pigmented varieties. Recent breeding programs have aimed to improve its fiber quality while maintaining stress tolerance. G. arboreum also maintains fiber quality under water-deficit conditions, reinforcing its value in stress-prone regions. Unique biochemical features, particularly its GaCYP722C-mediated strigolactone biosynthesis, distinguish it from other Gossypium species, offering novel genetic insights for plant growth regulation and soil symbiosis. Phytochemically, it is rich in flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, which contribute to antidiabetic, antioxidant, and woundhealing properties. This pharmacological potential, along with its compatibility with sustainable textile applications, expands its industrial scope. By integrating genetic, agronomic, and phytochemical perspectives, this review identifies G. arboreum as a vital genetic resource for cotton improvement and climate-resilient agriculture.
[学术文献 ] Transcriptomic exploration yields novel perspectives on the regulatory network underlying trichome initiation in Gossypium arboreum hypocotyl 进入全文
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Trichomes play a crucial role in plant stress tolerance and serve as an excellent model for studying epidermal cell differentiation. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying trichome development in cotton stems, we investigated two Gossypium arboreum mutants that exhibit abnormal trichome patterns during hypocotyl growth. Based on morphological characteristics, we classified four developmental stages: preinitiation, initiation, elongation, and maturation. Comparative transcriptome profiling of epidermal cells across these stages identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through maSigPro analysis, which revealed that these DEGs were primarily associated with pathways involved in cell wall metabolism. Additionally, integrated weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Cytoscape analyses identified 20 core regulatory genes from a total of 59 candidates linked to epidermal development. Utilizing three machine learning algorithms (SVM-RFE, Boruta, and LASSO), we consistently prioritized five key regulators: Ga02G1392 (TBR), Ga03G0474 (OMR1), Ga12G2860 (ACO1), Ga11G2117 (BBX19), and Ga12G2864 (CUE). RT-qPCR validation confirmed their stage-specific expression patterns, which were consistent with the RNA-Seq data. Our study establishes a comprehensive framework for research on cotton trichomes and identifies critical genetic components governing epidermal hair development, thereby providing new insights for the molecular breeding of stress-resistant cotton varieties.
[学术文献 ] Water stress reduces cellulose deposition in the cell wall and increases wax content, resulting in decreased fiber quality 进入全文
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Introduction: Water deficiency reduces cotton fiber quality, but the underlying mechanisms behind this decline remain poorly understood. Although the cuticle is critical for plant water homeostasis under drought, few studies have addressed the relationship between water stress, fiber epidermal wax, and fiber quality. Thus, studying the interaction between fiber cuticular wax and quality is crucial for understanding plant drought tolerance and breeding superior drought-resistant cotton varieties. Methods: This experiment was designed as a randomized block design. Two cotton cultivars, Xincaimian7 (XC7, with high cuticular wax) and Shidamian217 (SD217, with low cuticular wax), were selected as materials. Two irrigation regimes were applied: well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD), each with three independent biological replicates. Results: Results showed WD irrigation significantly reduced the cotton fiber accumulation rate, particularly between 25-30 days post-anthesis (DPA). Compared with WW irrigation, the rate decreased by 23.62% and 30.82% respectively. WD treatment significantly inhibited the expression of the genes encoding sucrose synthase GhSusy and cellulose synthase GhCesA in cotton fibers. At 30 DPA, compared to the WW treatment, the sucrose contents in SD217 and XC7 fibers decreased by 18.66% and 12.85%, while cellulose contents dropped by 9.91% and 17.17%, respectively, resulting in a significant decrease in the thickness of the cell walls by 10.59% and 9.50% respectively. However, the WD treatment significantly induced the expression of wax synthesis-related genes in cotton fibers. Compared with the WW treatment, at 30 DPA, the epidermal wax contents of the fibers of SD217 and XC7 increased significantly by 81.87% and 97.34%, respectively. Correlation analysis reveals a significant positive relationship between fiber strength, length, and the contents of cellulose and sucrose (p<0.01). Conversely, a significant negative correlation exists between these fiber properties and wax content (p<0.01). Discussion: In summary, WD reduces the sucrose content in cotton fibers and induces wax accumulation. Thinner cell walls combined with a thicker wax layer altered the mechanical properties of the fibers, thus leading to a decrease fiber quality. Therefore, when breeding drought-tolerant varieties, breeders need to balance the drought resistance with the sucrose and wax characteristics of the fibers.
[前沿资讯 ] 浙江大学团队利用合成生物学技术成功创制富含褪黑素的大豆及棉花 进入全文
农业农村部
2025年7月7日，《植物生物技术杂志（Plant Biotechnology Journal）》在线发表浙江大学研究成果。研究人员基于合成生物学技术构建合成遗传线路（合成遗传线路是一类基于数学模型理性设计的可编程基因系统。其中BUFFER作为一种常用遗传线路，通过调控CREs拷贝数（输入）驱动目标基因表达（输出），实现产物的精准调控），在大豆及棉花中创新性地合成天然活性物质——褪黑素。使得大豆新种质能够保持正常产量的同时，提高蛋白质含量，并且褪黑素可有效保留于豆浆中。生物强化作物在保持产量的同时具有加工潜力，其制备豆浆中褪黑素保留率达72.4%。该研究创新性利用合成遗传线路在大豆中实现褪黑素含量的提升，同步创制耐盐强化大豆与抗黄萎病棉花，为植物源健康产品开发提供新范式，为抗逆育种提供新可能，为营养强化与粮食安全协同推进提供新思路。
[前沿资讯 ] 中国科大实现下一代棉花纤维检验技术新突破 进入全文
中国科学技术大学
瞄准当前检验技术中样本准备环节高度依赖人工的关键瓶颈，中国科学技术大学工程科学学院/人形机器人研究院张世武教授、金虎副教授团队与中国纤维质量监测中心、安徽省纤维检验局提出了基于机械样本准备方法的下一代纤维检验技术，相关成果于7月9日以Mechanical specimen preparation method for next-generation cotton quality testing using HVIs 为题在农林领域TOP期刊《Industrial Crops and Products》上在线发表。棉花作为民生领域的战略性大宗农产品，其交易深度依赖纤维质量检验，检验技术的先进性决定了棉花市场的公正性和稳定性，并直接影响国际贸易定价话语权。基于国外引进的HVI检验技术，我国构建了国家统一监管的棉花公证检验制度。近年来，国产HVI技术逼近了国外水平，但仍处于同代技术下的追赶阶段，难以实质提升我国在国际纤维检验体系构建与棉花定价中的话语权。研究团队在不改变现有检验标准的前提下，基于机器人柔性介质灵巧操作方面的技术积累，构建了棉纤维机械样本准备方法（图1）。为了达到人工无损样本准备效果，创新性在纤维拆分中融入了机械震动降低阻力和压力，揭示了基于震动针的无损拆分机理，实验优化最优震动参数；为了满足定质量样本需求，探索了纤维压缩均匀性理论，实现了纤维快速、精准提取，实验证明机械定质量提取精度相较于人工方法提升了33%。基于上述核心技术，研究团队开发出了下一代纤维检验系统样机（图2），在安徽省纤维检验局的标准环境中完成对比实验，充分验证其替代人工的可行性，已完成为期两个月的试运行。中国科学技术大学鲍丙亮博士为论文第一作者。金虎副教授、高纬特任副研究员为论文通讯作者。张世武教授、王二龙特任副研究员为本工作提供了关键技术指导。安徽省纤维检验局王琛、中国纤维质量监测中心于小新在方案设计与检验环境方面给予重要指导与支持。论文的合作者还包括中国科学技术大学欧阳一鸣博士后、褚德扬博士以及安徽省纤维检验局陈文兵等。该项研究得到了国家自然科学基金、安徽省科技攻关重大计划及中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金支持。在完成本工作过程中，中国科学技术大学、中国纤维质量监测中心和安徽省纤维检验局联合研究团队合计获得13项发明专利授权，在下一代纤维检验方向初步形成了国产技术的自主权利壁垒，有助于我国在纤维检验领域的仪器国产化和国际话语权提升。本文中的无损拆分技术于2025年1月以题为A vibrating-needle based non-destructive tearing method for mechanical specimen preparation in length and strength testing of cotton fibers发表在期刊《Industrial Crops and Products》上。
[学术文献 ] Weaving the wild: harnessing the potential of cotton relatives for superior fibre quality 进入全文
GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION
Cotton fibre plays a crucial role in yarn-based industries. With advancements in spinning technologies and the growing need for better quality fibre, attempts are being made for continuous production of superior fibre without compromising the yield. Cultivated cotton germplasms have lost their superior fibre quality traits during the process of domestication. It is imperative to understand the different traits possessed by various wild germplasms for their introgression through conventional and molecular breeding technologies to transfer superior fibre quality traits into the cultivated cotton. This review covers the exploitation of cotton wild relatives for introgression of genes for fibre quality into cultivated germplasm.
