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[学术文献 ] Multifactorial ANOVA analysis of genotype and environment effects on morphological and agronomic traits in G. barbadense L. cotton 进入全文
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE AND BIODIVERSITY
This study investigates the influence of genotype and environmental stress (optimal, drought, and salinity conditions) on morphological and agronomic traits in ten fine-fiber cotton genotypes using multifactorial ANOVA. Traits such as plant height, number of fruiting branches, number of opened bolls, total boll number, boll weight, vegetative period, and overall yield were analyzed. Results showed that genotype had no statistically significant effect on most traits (P > 0.05), whereas environmental factors significantly impacted all studied parameters (P < 0.0001 in most cases). Genotypes such as T-2024, Duru-gavhar-4 (T-5560), Angor (T-1981), and T-2090 demonstrated relative stability and adaptability to stress conditions and may be considered valuable in breeding programs for stress-tolerant cotton cultivars.
[学术文献 ] Functionally differentiated GL2-interacting-repressor 1 homoeologs regulate epidermal hair development of Gossypium hirsutum 进入全文
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Cotton (Gossypium. spp) stem trichomes and seed fibers are unicellular epidermal hairs regulated by relevant molecular networks. Genetic analysis of the glabrous stem landrace (Palmeri37) of Gossypium hirsutum L. has pinpointed GL2-interacting-repressor 1 (GhGIR1D), featuring a RING-like zinc finger domain, as the candidate gene underlying the stem glabrous trait. Overexpressing and silencing experiments confirm GhGIR1D as a negative regulator specifically for stem trichome initiation, without influencing leaf trichome or seed fiber. High endogenous expression of GhGIR1D is associated with a SNP-573 T/G variation within the promoter region, and GhGIR1D Hap I confers the absence of stem trichomes. The homoeologous protein, GhGIR1A, inhibits trichome and fuzz fiber initiation by disrupting the GhHD1D-GhHOX3A module (a complex of 2 Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper IV transcription factors, HD-ZIP IV), and repressing downstream transcription of GhRDL1. Trichome density was enhanced in GhHD1A overexpression transgenic lines but reduced in ghhd1a mutants, demonstrating the positive regulatory role of GhHD1A on stem trichome initiation. GhHD1 displays distinct effects on stem trichome and fuzz fiber initiation due to its tissue-specific dosage. In the ghhd1a mutants, repression of GhGIR1D restores the wild-type pubescent phenotype, suggesting the presence of a potential negative feedback loop between GhGIR1D and GhHD1A, or that GhGIR1D and GhHD1A may function within the same regulatory pathway with opposite functions in regulation of trichome development. These findings enhance our comprehension of the GhGIR1-GhHD1-GhHOX3 interaction module in epidermal hair initiation and development. Functionally differentiated GL2-interacting-repressor 1 homoeologs interact with 2 Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper IV transcription factors to regulate cotton epidermal hair initiation and development in Gossypium hirsutum.
[学术文献 ] RNAi-mediated down-regulation of the endogenous GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 genes in transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) enhances the earliness and yield of flower buds 进入全文
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Armadillo BTB Arabidopsis protein 1 (AtABAP1) plays a central role in the cell cycle. ABAP1-interacting protein 10 (AtAIP10, a Snf1 kinase interactor-like protein) is a protein that interacts with AtABAP1. Down-regulation of the AtAIP10 gene in A. thaliana resulted in an altered cell cycle and increased photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, metabolites, plant growth, root system, seed yield, and drought tolerance. Herein, aimed to test whether the down-regulation of GhAIP10 genes can stimulate the cotton plants in a manner similar to those observed in A. thaliana. Cotton transgenic events containing transgenes carrying RNA interfering (RNAi) or artificial miRNA (amiRNA) strategies were successfully generated to down-regulate the endogenous GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 genes. From these 15 transgenic events, five RNAi-based transgenic lines and five amiRNA-based transgenic events were selected for further analyses. The down-regulation of the GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Phenotypic and physiological analyses revealed that these transgenic lines exhibited earlier production and opening of flower buds, increased vegetative growth over time and root biomass, no reduction in susceptibility to root-knot nematodes, and improved drought tolerance indicated by a higher photosynthetic rate and better intrinsic water-use efficiency. Based on the high identity of amino acid sequences, motifs, domains, subcellular localization, tertiary structure, down-regulation of GhABAP1 (partner of GhAIP10), up-regulation of GhCdt1 (a marker of the ABAP1 network), up-regulation of GhCyclinB1 (a marker of the cell cycle), up-regulation of GhAP3 (involved in vegetative to reproductive transition), and the up-regulation of CAB3, NDA1, DJC22, and DNAJ11 genes (involved in plant resilience) suggested that GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 proteins may act in cotton similarly to the AtAIP10 protein in A. thaliana. Furthermore, GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 genes are suggested as biotechnological targets for cotton genetic engineering based on genome editing.
[学术文献 ] Coupling effects of silicon and calcium foliar application and potassium soil fertilization on growth and yield production of cotton plants under drought stress conditions 进入全文
SILICON
Drought significantly affects cotton production, decreasing both yield and fiber quality. This study investigated how foliar applications of calcium (Ca) or silicon (Si), along with varying potassium (K) levels in the soil, can improve drought tolerance in cotton. The foliar treatments involved calcium nitrate at 4 g/L or silicon oxide at 1 ml/L, combined with 106.6 and 160 kg K2SO4 ha(-)1 as soil fertilizer. These treatments were compared to potassium-only applications, with irrigation intervals of 30 days during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The 160 kg K2SO4 ha(-)1 treatment notably improved plant growth, including increased plant height, dry weight, leaf area, and the number of fruiting branches, compared to the 106.6 kg K2SO4treatment. It also enhanced chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf phenol and proline levels, and relative water content (RWC). Additionally, the 160 kg K2SO4 ha(-)1 treatment improved yield-related traits, such as the number of open bolls, lint percentage, seed index, and fiber quality, including fiber length, strength, and micronaire. The number of open bolls, lint percentage, and seed index increased by 2.38%, 1.71%, and 1.68% in the first season, and by 4.29%, 1.57%, and 1.38% in the second season, respectively. The combination of Ca or Si foliar applications with K treatments further enhanced plant growth, chlorophyll, antioxidant activity, RWC, seed index, boll weight, and fiber quality. These treatments also raised nutrient levels of N, P, K, Ca, and Si compared to the control. Overall, combining Ca or Si sprays with 160 kg K2SO4 effectively mitigated drought stress and improved cotton growth and productivity.
[学术文献 ] Mapping of cotton bolls and branches with high-granularity through point cloud segmentation 进入全文
PLANT METHODS
High resolution three-dimensional (3D) point clouds enable the mapping of cotton boll spatial distribution, aiding breeders in better understanding the correlation between boll positions on branches and overall yield and fiber quality. This study developed a segmentation workflow for point clouds of 18 cotton genotypes to map the spatial distribution of bolls on the plants. The data processing workflow includes two independent approaches to map the vertical and horizontal distribution of cotton bolls. The vertical distribution was mapped by segmenting bolls using PointNet++ and identifying individual instances through Euclidean clustering. For horizontal distribution, TreeQSM segmented the plant into the main stem and individual branches. PointNet++ and Euclidean clustering were then used to achieve cotton boll instance segmentation. The horizontal distribution was determined by calculating the Euclidean distance of each cotton boll relative to the main stem. Additionally, branch types were classified using point cloud meshing completion and the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm. The results highlight that the accuracy and mean intersection over union (mIoU) of the 2-class segmentation based on PointNet++ reached 0.954 and 0.896 on the whole plant dataset, and 0.968 and 0.897 on the branch dataset, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the boll counting was 0.99 with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 5.4. For the first time, this study accomplished high-granularity spatial mapping of cotton bolls and branches, but directly predicting fiber quality from 3D point clouds remains a challenge. This method provides a promising tool for 3D cotton plant mapping of different genotypes, which potentially could accelerate plant physiological studies and breeding programs.
[学术文献 ] Development of Gossypium hirsutum-Gossypium raimondii introgression lines and their use in QTL mapping of agricultural traits 进入全文
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
Gossypium raimondii (2n=2x=26, D5), an untapped wild species, is the putative progenitor of the D-subgenome of G. hirsutum (2n=4x=52, AD1), an extensively cultivated species. Here, we developed a G. hirsutum (recipient)-G. raimondii (donor) introgression population to exploit the favorable QTLs/genes and mapped potential quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from wild cotton species. The introgression population consisted of 256 lines with an introgression rate of 52.33% for the G. raimondii genome. The introgression segment length range was 0.03-19.12 Mb, with an average of 1.22 Mb. The coverage of total introgression fragments from G. raimondii was 386.98 Mb. Further genome-wide association analysis (Q+K+MLM) and QTL mapping (RSTEP-LRT) identified 59 common QTLs, including 14 stable QTLs and six common QTL (co-QTL) clusters, and one hotspot of micronaire (MIC). The common QTLs for seed index all showed positive additive effects, while the common QTLs for boll weight all had negative additive effects, indicating that the linkage between seed index and boll weight could be broken. QTLs for lint percentage showed positive effects and could be beneficial for improving cotton yield. Most QTLs for fiber quality had negative additive effects, implying these QTLs were domesticated/improved in G. hirsutum. A few fiber quality QTLs showed positive additive effects, so they could be used to improve cotton fiber quality. The introgression lines developed could be useful for molecular marker-assisted breeding and mapping QTLs precisely for mining desirable genes from the wild species G. raimondii. Such genes can improve cultivated cotton in the future through a design-breeding approach.
