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[学术文献 ] Effects and action pathways of oxygenation strategies for enhancing cotton yield and quality under mulched drip irrigation in arid oasis regions 进入全文
Field Crops Research
Context: Mulched drip irrigation is an effective water-saving technique widely used in arid oasis regions, significantly enhancing crop yield and quality. However, its long-term application can lead to soil compaction and hypoxia in crop roots, which can adversely affect plant growth and yield. Objective: This study aimed to clarify the differences in oxygenation methods throughout the growth period of cotton and reveal the pathway of oxygenation during cotton development. Methods: To address these issues, the current study investigated the effects of three oxygenation methods mechanical, Venturi, and chemical and four chemical oxygen concentrations (9.2, 13.3, 17.3, and 25.5 mg L-1) on the growth, photosynthesis, fluorescence, yield, quality and elucidate its action pathways through underlying physiological mechanisms that influence variations in yield and quality. Results: The results showed oxygenation treatments improved cotton growth, photosynthetic performance, and fluorescence performance compared to non-aerated controls. The treatment with the highest oxygen concentration (CO25.5) achieved the most substantial improvements in single boll weight (SBW, 11.29 %-13.32 %), seed cotton yield (SCY, 4 %-6.7 %), fibre length (FL, 4.3 %-5.8 %), and uniformity index (UI, 4.9 %-5 %). It also attained the highest comprehensive evaluation score (2.46), making it the most effective option overall. Increasing oxygen concentration can have a direct positive impact on photosynthetic performance and fluorescence, thereby contributing to the growth, yield, and quality of cotton. The lowest concentration (CO9.2) demonstrated better efficiency in enhancing SBW, SCY, FL and UI per unit increase in oxygen compared to the control under the condition of a unit oxygen concentration. The study observed minimal differences (<6.4 %) among the three oxygenation methods, indicating that concentration plays a more critical role than the method itself. Conclusions: These findings provide a suitable method for oxygen addition to cotton in the arid oasis region of Northwest China, which is of great significance for the efficient water-saving and green sustainable development of local agriculture, as well as for improving the yield and quality of cotton.
[学术文献 ] Optimizing root zone environment to enhance technology stability of "dry sowing and wet emergence" in cotton fields of southern Xinjiang, China 进入全文
Agricultural Water Management
In southern Xinjiang, limited precipitation and low soil moisture render the Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence (DSME) technique susceptible to instability, mainly due to uneven post-sowing irrigation and surface salinization. Thus, identifying a suitable irrigation regime for DSME is essential to regulate the root-zone environment, promote cotton germination and growth, and improve the reliability of this technique. Between 2021 and 2023, we conducted a three-year field experiment to examine DSME's impacts on soil water-heat-salt dynamics, cotton physiological characteristics, yield, and irrigation water productivity (IWP). In the third year, we implemented an enhanced irrigation strategy integrating winter drip irrigation with DSME. This included 17 seedling-stage treatments: 8, 10, and 15 mm in 2021; 5, 10, and 13 mm in 2022; and 5, 10, 13, and 15 mm in 2023. Drip frequencies varied from 1 to 4 times in 2021-2022-1-2 times in 2023. The results showed that seedling-stage irrigation amounts were significantly and positively correlated with cotton growth indices, thereby markedly increasing plant height, dry matter accumulation, and yield. Combining higher irrigation volumes with greater frequencies significantly enhanced IWP. Specifically, treatments G7, B7, and DG4 achieved 1.78, 1.81, and 1.83 kg m3 , respectively-representing increases of 16.29 %, 25.69 %, and 38.64 % over the control. In summary, integrating winter drip irrigation with DSME yielded optimal results. This approach substantially reduced agricultural water use while improving cotton yield and quality, offering a sustainable, water-efficient strategy for cultivation in southern Xinjiang's arid regions.
[学术文献 ] Integrating machine learning to elucidate the genetic basis of 30 traits in G. barbadense BMC79 cultivar with superior fiber properties 进入全文
Industrial Crops and Products
With economic development and rising living standards, the demand for high-quality cotton fiber is increasing. Understanding the genetic basis of key traits for cotton with super fiber is crucial for breeding new cultivars. Here, we conducted QTL mapping and candidate gene identification for 30 important agronomic traits in the early-maturing, high-quality fiber cultivar Gossypium barbadense BMC79. We crossed BMC79 with upland cotton XLZ14 to generate an F2 population of 303 families and constructed a genetic map spanning 4026.30 cM with an average inter-bin distance of 0.31 cM. QTL analysis, integrated with machine learning, identified 55 QTLs for yield, fiber quality, and growth period related traits. Notably, QTLs including genes for fiber length (A01), lint percentage (A06), plant height (D11), fiber strength (D11), fiber uniformity (D12), and early maturity (D07), showed high phenotypic variance explained. Machine learning predicted several key candidate genes, such as Gh_A01G162500 (fiber length), Gh_A06G112000 (lint percentage), Gh_D11G351100 (fiber strength), and Gh_D07G112500 (flowering time). Importantly, Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) validation showed that silencing Gh_D11G351100 significantly reduced fiber strength and length, confirming its role in fiber development. Our study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of high-fiber-quality cotton varieties and offers important targets and references for the development of new cotton cultivars.
[前沿资讯 ] CEMB-AAS3 cotton variety approved for commercialisation 进入全文
Associated Press of Pakistan
LAHORE, Oct 29 (APP):The Punjab University’s Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) has achieved another milestone with the approval of its newly developed cotton variety, CEMB-AAS3, for commercialisation. The breakthrough marks a major advancement in Pakistan’s cotton breeding efforts, aimed at increasing production, improving fiber quality, and strengthening the agricultural economy. The CEMB-AAS3 variety was approved by the National Biosafety Committee (NBC) of the Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination (MoCC&EC) during its 35th meeting, chaired by the Secretary of MoCC&EC, who also serves as Chairman of the Committee, said a press release issued here on Wednesday. The meeting was attended by the Director General of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency along with senior officials and technical experts. Principal Breeder of the project Dr Allah Bakhsh said the approval represents a significant achievement in the cotton sector due to the variety’s unique agronomic traits. He said CEMB-AAS3 would help farmers reduce pesticide usage, increase yields, and improve crop management. Co-Breeder Dr Abdul Munim Farooq expressed optimism that the variety would positively impact both farmers and the broader agricultural sector, while Principal Investigator Prof Dr Abdul Qayyum Rao said that the success of CEMB-AAS3 demonstrates the power of biotechnology in addressing agricultural challenges. Director CEMB Prof Dr Moazur Rahman said the new variety is expected to make a substantial contribution to national cotton production and the livelihoods of farming communities. He congratulated the breeders and faculty involved in the cotton breeding programme and reaffirmed CEMB’s commitment to tackling challenges in agriculture and health through modern molecular tools. Punjab University Vice Chancellor Prof Dr Muhammad Ali congratulated the CEMB team on the achievement, commending their dedication and expertise in advancing agricultural innovation. He said the development of CEMB-AAS3 highlights the critical role of CEMB in strengthening cotton research and development in Pakistan, expressing confidence that the new variety would play a key role in boosting the national economy. It is pertinent to mention that the Punjab Seed Council has also recommended CEMB-AAS3 for general cultivation in Punjab. The variety incorporates three key genes (cry1Ac + Cry2A and GTG), two conferring resistance against cotton bollworms and one for glyphosate-based weed management. It also exhibits tolerance to Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) and offers superior fiber quality with higher yields, contributing to reduced pesticide use and greater sustainability.
[前沿资讯 ] 生物育种为我国棉花产业高质量发展赋能 进入全文
科技日报
记者从农业生物育种国家科技重大专项成果展示活动中获悉，我国在棉花生物育种领域取得重要进展，一批高产、优质、抗逆的棉花新品种成功培育并推广应用，为我国棉花产业高质量发展提供了有力的科技支撑。 棉花是关系国计民生的重要经济作物，其产能稳定与品质提升对保障国家纺织原料供给、促进棉农增收具有重要意义。新疆是我国棉花主产区，占全国总产量比重约92.2%。近年来，新疆棉花生产面临病虫害多发、机械化采收需求增加、气候变化影响加剧等挑战，迫切需要培育综合性状优良、适配现代生产模式的新品种。 据了解，聚焦产业需求，在农业生物育种重大专项支持下，国内种业企业与科研单位协同攻关，运用分子标记选择、基因聚合等现代育种技术，以“高产、优质、抗病、宜机采”为主攻方向，成功培育出30多个综合性状突出的棉花新品种。这些品种在纤维长度、强度等关键品质指标上表现优异，同时具备良好的抗病性、抗逆性以及吐絮集中、适合机械采收等重要特性，为提升棉花产业竞争力提供了核心种源。棉花新品种金棉2号耐高温，高抗枯萎病，耐黄萎病，纤维品质优良，蕾铃期高温相对脱落少、铃大结铃性强；两年区试皮棉比对照增产13.2%，2024年推广面积85万亩，2025年播种面积超百万亩。棉花新品种新塔棉11号同时聚合了多个纤维品质和产量性状优异位点，高抗枯萎、耐黄萎，纤维品质优，适宜机收；两年区试皮棉产量比对照增产14.2%，2024年—2025年累计示范推广32万亩。此外，耐盐碱高产新品种中棉所1813，早熟抗病新品种新陆棉3号，高产稳产品种国欣棉37号等一批各具特色的品种也已经在生产中大面积推广应用。 专家表示，随着新品种的推广应用，我国棉花产业正迎来单产、品质和效益同步提升的新阶段。生物育种技术的持续突破，正为筑牢我国棉花产业根基、推动棉花产业高质量发展注入强劲动力。
[学术文献 ] Characterizing drought-resilient cotton genotypes through morpho-physiological and biochemical traits at flowering stage 进入全文
BMC Plant Biology
Drought is a major abiotic stressor significantly reducing global crop productivity by disrupting key morpho-physiological and biochemical processes, including stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency, and water use dynamics. This study systematically assessed the effects of water scarcity on fifty genetically diverse cotton genotypes under three different conditions: normal field capacity (100% FC, monitored by soil moisture weight), moderate drought stress (60% FC), and severe drought stress (40% FC) during the flowering stage, a critical period for crop yield. Key morphological (shoot length, root length, biomass), physiological (relative water content, stomatal conductance), and biochemical traits (antioxidant enzyme activity, oxidative stress markers) were evaluated across all treatments. The results revealed a gradual decline in trait response as drought severity increased, with significant genotype-dependent variations. Histograms captured frequency distribution trends across different stress levels, while principal component analysis (PCA) differentiated trait expressions among genotypes. Pearson's correlation analysis highlighted strong positive and negative relationships among the traits based on their drought responses. The multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) proved to be a valuable tool, identifying G1 (FH-189), G2 (FH-453), G3 (N-5016), G7 (N-868), G26 (N-1011), G44 (FH-941), and G47 (135 - 44/BB) as the most drought-resistant genotypes. These genotypes showed superior performance and maintained higher water status, minimized oxidative damage, and activated effective defense mechanisms under stress. These findings provide valuable insights into the morpho-physiological and biochemical traits associated with drought resilience and lay the groundwork for targeted breeding programs to develop drought-tolerant cotton varieties. Such advancements are crucial for supporting cotton farmers in drought-prone areas, improving crop stability, and ensuring sustainable productivity in water-limited environments.
