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[前沿资讯 ] 研究发现抗坏血酸合成基因能提高棉花耐碱性 进入全文
中工网
近日，中国农科院棉花研究所棉花功能基因组创新团队开展碱胁迫下棉花的应激响应机制研究，发现GhGLDH35A基因通过调控抗坏血酸的合成和维持细胞内的活性氧稳态来调控棉花对碱的抗性，为棉花耐碱胁迫分子机理研究提供了新依据。 相关研究结果日前在线发表在《高级研究期刊（JournalofAdvancedResearch）》上。 据介绍，抗坏血酸是植物体内重要的水溶性抗氧化剂，能清除活性氧并作为酶辅因子，通过维持氧化还原平衡、保护细胞膜完整性及激活抗氧化系统等，增强植物对干旱、盐碱等胁迫的耐受能力。 该研究挖掘到抗坏血酸合成的关键基因GhGLDH35A，发现该基因在碱胁迫下表达量显著增加，并通过调控抗坏血酸的合成，维持细胞内的活性氧稳态，从而减轻碱胁迫对棉花的损害。此外，该基因还能够调控气孔运动，减少水分散失，提高棉花的光合作用效率。 该研究结果为解析棉花耐碱机制提供了新视角，并为耐碱棉花的育种提供了重要的理论基础和基因资源。研究得到国家生物育种重大项目、中国农科院科技创新工程、国家现代农业产业技术体系和国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心核心攻关团队等项目资助。
[前沿资讯 ] 研究发现增强棉花体细胞胚胎发生的基因可变剪切 进入全文
中国科学报
近日，中国农业科学院棉花研究所棉花优质育种团队研究发现GhLSM1B基因的一个可变剪切可以加速棉花愈伤组织增殖，并改变体细胞胚胎发生过程中的细胞形态，为提高棉花遗传转化效率提供了新思路。相关研究成果发表在《植物生物技术杂志》（Plant Biotechnology Journal）上。 体细胞胚胎发生是体细胞经历去分化和再分化形成胚胎进而发育成完整植株的过程。提升棉花的关键性状通常依赖农杆菌介导的遗传转化与体细胞胚胎发生再生体系，该体系目前存在周期长、转化效率低、胚胎发育不同步和适用品种有限等问题。 该研究鉴定出棉花GhLSM1B基因的可变剪接GhLSM1BS，定位于细胞核。过表达该可变剪切可加速棉花愈伤组织增殖并改变体细胞胚胎发生过程中的细胞形态，同时伴随与油菜素内酯生物合成相关的基因家族的表达模式改变和油菜素内酯含量升高。 该研究表明，GhLSM1BS能促进棉花早期体细胞胚胎发生，并通过调控油菜素内酯生物合成通路发挥作用。该研究成果为提高遗传转化效率、加速棉花分子育种进程提供了新思路。 该研究得到了国家自然科学基金、中国农业科学院科技创新工程等项目的支持。
[前沿资讯 ] How will the “water footprint” of Xinjiang cotton change under climate change? 进入全文
EurekAlert!
According to the Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), human activities have significantly intensified global warming, leading to more frequent, intense, and prolonged extreme weather events, which pose a major threat to agricultural production. Xinjiang, as one of the driest regions in China, has an average annual precipitation of less than 270 mm and an evaporation rate exceeding 1000 mm, yet it produces 25% of the world’s cotton, contributing 91.0% of the national cotton production and 35% of farmers’ income. Cotton cultivation in this region heavily relies on irrigation, and climate change is likely to exacerbate aridity in Xinjiang. In this context, how will the water use structure of cotton production in Xinjiang change? How can the water-saving potential of different irrigation technologies be assessed? A study conducted by Dr. La Zhuo and colleagues from the Institute of Soil and Water Conservation at Northwest A&F University, published in Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, provides the answers to these questions (DOI: 10.15302/J-FASE-2024585). This study focuses on the “water footprint” of cotton production in Xinjiang—specifically, the amount of freshwater consumed to produce one ton of cotton, divided into “blue water footprint” (relying on groundwater or surface water) and “green water footprint” (relying on precipitation). Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on food crops or single irrigation methods, this research innovatively simulates three mainstream irrigation technologies—furrow irrigation, micro-irrigation (drip irrigation), and sprinkler irrigation—at a fine grid scale of 5 arcminutes (approximately 9 km × 9 km), analyzing the spatiotemporal changes in cotton’s water footprint under two climate change scenarios for the 2050s and 2090s (SSP2-4.5 moderate emissions and SSP5-8.5 high emissions). The study first reveals the future climate trends in Xinjiang: compared to the baseline period of 2000–2018 (with a reference crop evapotranspiration ET0 of 1080 mm), evaporation demand in Xinjiang significantly increases under both scenarios. In the SSP5-8.5 scenario of the 2090s, ET0 increases by 14.3% annually, with the largest increases occurring in January and November, while the summer increase is only about 8%. Annual precipitation decreases by 15.1% overall, with only July to September slightly exceeding the baseline period. This indicates that Xinjiang will become increasingly arid in the future, and the pressure on agricultural water use may further intensify. However, a key finding is that the total water footprint of cotton shows a downward trend. The total water footprint for cotton in Xinjiang during the baseline period is 4264 m3·t-1, of which blue water accounts for 83% (3560 m3·t-1). By the 2090s, the total water footprint is expected to decrease by 19.3% under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, and by 35.7% under the SSP5-8.5 high emissions scenario. This is mainly attributed to the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration—under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, CO2 concentration is significantly higher than under SSP2-4.5, and higher CO2 levels can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of cotton while reducing transpiration water loss. It is noteworthy that the structure of the water footprint is changing: the proportion of blue water in the total water footprint is expected to increase slightly. Although the total amount of blue water is also decreasing—by 16.5% and 33.4% under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively—the contribution of green water declines due to reduced precipitation, leading to an increased proportion of blue water. The decline in green water footprint is more pronounced, decreasing by 33.7% and 47.2% under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, with only a few areas experiencing slight increases due to minor precipitation increases. There are significant differences in the water-saving potential of the three irrigation technologies: sprinkler irrigation shows a reduction in water footprint of 24.8% and 40.1% under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively, demonstrating the most notable water-saving effects; furrow and micro-irrigation show relatively smaller reductions. This indicates that sprinkler irrigation technology has higher water-saving potential for future cotton cultivation in Xinjiang. The cotton industry in Xinjiang is crucial for the regional economy, but water resource scarcity is a long-term challenge. This study not only quantifies the dynamic patterns of cotton water consumption under climate change but also clarifies the adaptive differences among various irrigation technologies, providing scientific support for optimizing water resource allocation and promoting water-saving measures. In the future, combined with variety improvement and agronomic upgrades, Xinjiang cotton is expected to achieve more efficient water resource utilization in an increasingly arid environment.
[前沿资讯 ] 脑洞大开！用棉花生产虾青素，真的可以有 进入全文
中国科学报
近日，中国农业科学院棉花研究所、西部农业研究中心棉花分子遗传改良创新团队研究员杨作仁与中国农业科学院生物技术研究所研究员柳小庆合作创制了生产虾青素的工程棉花，为提高棉花附加值提供了新方向，对提高棉花综合利用具有重要意义。相关研究成果发表在《植物生物技术杂志》（Plant Biotechnology Journal）上。 据文章通讯作者杨作仁介绍，棉花作为全球最重要的天然纤维作物，其研究长期聚焦于纤维品质与产量提升。然而，纤维仅占棉花生物总量的20%，其余80%为棉籽、叶片、棉铃等副产物。研究表明，这些副产品中含有丰富的萜类、黄酮和脂肪酸等高值功能组分，但因缺乏深度开发导致资源利用率不足。 植物合成生物学的发展为解决以上问题提供了新途径。虾青素作为自然界中的强抗氧化剂，目前已广泛应用于食品、饲料、制药和化妆品领域。然而，微藻中天然虾青素的产量有限，而化学合成虾青素的生物活性较低。由于植物中因含有丰富的虾青素合成前体，已被认为是合成虾青素的理想底盘。 该研究以棉花品种“中棉49”为受体材料，通过跨物种引入莱茵衣藻来源的β-胡萝卜素酮化酶CrBKT和雨生红球藻来源的β-胡萝卜素羟化酶HpBHY编码基因模块，重建虾青素合成通路，培育出工程棉花。 该棉花植株在幼苗期和成熟期的叶片、花器官、棉铃、棉籽及棉籽油中均呈现虾青素的特征性红色，且不同组织中虾青素积累呈现梯度分布：叶片含量最高（61.03mg/kg鲜重），棉铃壳次之（7.03-9.28mg/kg鲜重），可用于开发动物饲料添加剂（替代人工色素）或抗氧化提取物；棉籽、棉籽油中虾青素含量分别为823μg/kg、410μg/kg，可用于开发天然功能性保健食用油。 该研究实现了棉花植株多组织同步合成虾青素，标志着棉花从“白色纤维经济”向“红色生物工厂”的战略转型，为推动棉花从“单一产出”到“多功能高值化”双收益体系开发开辟新途径。同时，在理论层面为开发新型功能型棉花提供了依据和技术路径。 该研究获得生物育种国家科技重大专项、新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项及中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项等项目资助。中国农科院生物所苗丽青博士和中棉所助理研究员徐雅梦为论文共同第一作者，中棉所助理研究员马淑雅、柳小庆和杨作仁为通讯作者。
[学术文献 ] Exploring the Dual Effects of Jasmonic Acid on Cotton Plants and Management of Aphis gossypii Infestations 进入全文
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Cotton serves as the primary source of renewable fiber worldwide, primarily utilized in textile manufacturing. However, the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, represents a significant risk to cotton cultivation. This study investigated the jasmonic acid (JA) effects at 0.25 mg/L on promoting cotton plant growth, enhancing productivity, and mitigating aphid populations. The findings indicated that JA treatment positively impacted important growth parameters i.e. plant height, leaf area, fruiting branches number/plant, plant dry weight and chlorophyll pigments (Chl a, b, total) content, antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT and POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) as well as leaf total phenols content. Moreover, JA led to increased seed cotton yield, average boll weight, lint%, and improved fiber quality i.e. fiber length, strength, micronaire value. Both JA (0.25 mg/L) and acetamiprid (at 0.25 g/L) significantly lowered aphid populations. Ten days after application, acetamiprid resulted in the most significant reductions in aphid populations, with a 99.73% decrease in 2021 and a 99.34% decrease in 2022. Jasmonic acid also contributed to reductions of 81.28 and 76.56% in aphid populations ten days after treatment in the 2021 and 2022 seasons. Therefore, JA can be effectively used at a concentration of 0.25 mg to promote cotton growth and yield while reducing aphid population density in an eco-friendly manner.
[学术文献 ] Effect of cumin intercropping density on cotton growth and system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation 进入全文
JOURNAL OF COTTON RESEARCH
BackgroundThe mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source. However, delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period. Intercropping with cumin, which has a shorter growth period, served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5 (ID1), 3.85 (ID2), and 5.2 (ID3) kg<middle dot>hm-2 on cotton growth, interspecies competition, fiber quality, and water use efficiency (WUE), as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation. Monocropping cotton was used as the control (CK) treatment.ResultsAt the initial flowering (IF) stage (the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin), cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%-16.53% and 10.87%-31.11%, respectively, cotton stem diameter by 11.41%-14.25% and 3.37%-26.49%, respectively, and vegetative biomass by 14.46%-30.65% and 22.59%-49.91%, respectively, compared with CK treatment. With the increase in cumin density, the crop growth rate (CGR) and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered. For the non-co-growth period (after harvesting cumin), cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%-14.61% at the boll opening stage, crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74% and 74.26% from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment, due to an enhancement of 19.09% and 49.30% in the compensation effect. Compared with ID1, the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%-46.34% and 17.95%-31.71%, respectively. However, owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment, the system production value (closely related to yield) treated by ID2 was 11.69%-16.89%, 6.56%-20.02%, and 16.48%-59.83% greater than that of the ID1, ID3, and CK treatments, respectively. This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.ConclusionIntercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch. This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency, holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.
