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[学术文献 ] Optimized nitrogen allocation in cotton-soil system improves cotton production and nitrogen utilization efficiency under wheat-cotton straw return in East China 进入全文
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
In wheat-cotton rotation system, the strained photo-thermal resources after harvesting wheat pose challenges to cotton growth in terms of the utilization of temperature, light and fertilizer, especially in nitrogen. The purpose of the study was to explore suitable agricultural management practices for sustainable cotton production and soil productivity under wheat-cotton system. Two straw managements (straw return and straw removal) and four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg N ha-1, defined as N0, N75, N150 and N300, respectively) were adopted as the variables. The results showed that under straw return with N150, where cotton yield and fiber quality reached to the maximum, the highest apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency of 75.9 %-92.7 % and the maximum ratios of cotton boll number and cotton yield over the efficient photo-thermal phase to them at the harvesting stage were obtained. 15N-labeling indicated that optimal nitrogen application could improve fertilizer nitrogen uptake in cotton before flowering and straw return increased cotton nitrogen uptake from soil. Furthermore, straw return increased nitrogen fertilizer retention at the 0-20 cm soil depth. Under straw return with N150, more nitrogen fertilizer was stored as organic nitrogen (40.9 %) and microbial biomass nitrogen (11.8 %). Therefore, increasing nitrogen fertilizer retention in the topsoil might attribute to improving microbial nitrogen fixation. In addition, straw return improved fertilizer nitrogen that cotton boll allocated to fiber and that seedcotton allocated to seed kernel and fiber at N150. According to these findings, we are led to conclude that under straw return, optimal nitrogen application of N150 improved cotton boll development over the efficient photo-thermal phase and nitrogen allocation in cotton-soil system, increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency and cotton production.
[学术文献 ] Low Phosphorus Stress Decreases Cotton Fiber Strength by Inhibiting Carbohydrate Metabolism 进入全文
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
Insufficient soil-available phosphorus (AP) inhibits photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism in the subtending leaves to cotton bolls, significantly reducing lint yield and fiber length. However, the mechanism by which P deficiency affects cotton fiber strength remains unclear. This study explored the influence of P deficiency on the fiber strength of two cotton varieties, CCRI-79 (low-P tolerant) and SCRC-28 (low-P sensitive). A two-year pool-culture experiment was conducted under three soil AP levels: P0 (3 +/- 0.5), P1 (6 +/- 0.5), and P2 (control, 15 +/- 0.5 mg kg-1). Soil AP deficiency (P1 and P0) decreased the activities of enzymes involved in fiber thickening, including soluble acid invertase (SAI), sucrose synthase (SuSy), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and beta-1,3-glucanase. These reductions led to a 4.0%-16.9% decrease in cellulose content, which was a key substance for fiber strength formation. In addition, the reduced enzymatic activity decreased the maximum velocity of fiber thickening increment (VSmax), ultimately resulting in a 1.0-3.9 cN tex-1 decrease in fiber strength. The beta-1,3-glucan and cellulose levels, as well as SAI and beta-1,3-glucanase activities, showed more pronounced responsiveness to soil AP deficiency in SCRC-28 than in CCRI-79. This indicates that SCRC-28 fibers were more adversely affected under low soil AP levels. Cellulose, SAI, and beta-1,3-glucanase were the key factors affecting fiber strength under low soil AP conditions. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how soil AP deficiency influences fiber carbohydrate metabolism and fiber strength, offering a scientific basis for breeding low-P tolerant cotton cultivars.
[学术文献 ] Patterns of phenotypic variation in Gossypium turneri: a wild cotton with a restricted distribution in Sonora, Mexico 进入全文
GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION
Crop wild relatives (CWR) represent important genetic resources for crop improvement. Gossypium turneri, a wild cotton species with a restricted distribution in the Sonoran Desert of northwestern Mexico, has been identified as a potential breeding resource for cotton improvement. While several agronomically important traits have been previously identified through limited observations from only one location within its range, phenotypic variation in this xerophytic species has not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to describe the pattern of phenotypic variation in floral and leaf traits along the three known populations of G. turneri and identify traits of agronomic interest. Leaves and flowers through its distribution range were collected and quantitative and qualitative attributes were analyzed. Phenotypic variation in flowers and leaves was predominantly found among individuals within populations, with a smaller proportion occurring between populations, likely due to the species' restricted distribution. Interpopulation variation in leaf traits was probably influenced by differences in local rainfall, whereas flower traits exhibited minimal interpopulation variation, likely due to similarities in pollinator composition. Some traits of interest for cotton improvement were identified, such as polymorphic bracts and production of anthers without pollen among flowers. This desert-adapted wild cotton offers valuable traits with potential for adaptation of cultivated cotton to water- and heat-stressed environments.
[学术文献 ] GhLPF1 Associated Network Is Involved with Cotton Lint Percentage Regulation Revealed by the Integrative Analysis of Spatial Transcriptome 进入全文
ADVANCED SCIENCE
Cotton fibers, derived from the epidermis of the ovule, provide a sustainable natural fiber source for the textile industry. Traits related to fiber yield are predominantly determined by molecular regulations in the epidermis of the outer integument (OI) region of the cotton ovule. Here, we identify an R2R3 MYB transcription factor coding gene GhLPF1 within the QTL-LP-ChrA06 locus for lint percentage (LP, percentage of lint to seed cotton) through constructing the 1-Day Post Anthesis Cotton Ovule Spatial Transcriptome Atlas. GhLPF1 is subjected as a downstream target of miR828 during fiber development. The direct downstream genes (DDGs) of GhLPF1 are biased to increased expression in GhLPF1-CR, and are preferentially expressed in OI, so that GhLPF1 is primarily a transcriptional repressor to its DDGs. Population-wide transcriptome analysis confirms that expression variation of GhLPF1-DDGs is significantly biased to negative correlation with LP, among which a type I homeobox protein-coding gene GhHB6 is further validated to be the directly downstream gene of GhLPF1. Given these data, it is demonstrated that GhLPF1 mediates a regulation network in LP as a transcriptional repressor, which makes it a valuable functional marker for fiber-trait improvement application from QTL-LP-ChrA06.
[学术文献 ] Insights into the Role of GhTAT2 Genes in Tyrosine Metabolism and Drought Stress Tolerance in Cotton 进入全文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Gossypium hirsutum is a key fiber crop that is sensitive to environmental factors, particularly drought stress, which can reduce boll size, increase flower shedding, and impair photosynthesis. The aminotransferase (AT) gene is essential for abiotic stress tolerance. A total of 3 Gossypium species were analyzed via genome-wide analysis, and the results unveiled 103 genes in G. hirsutum, 47 in G. arboreum, and 53 in G. raimondii. Phylogenetic analysis, gene structure examination, motif analysis, subcellular localization prediction, and promoter analysis revealed that the GhAT genes can be classified into five main categories and play key roles in abiotic stress tolerance. Using RNA-seq expression and KEGG enrichment analysis of GhTAT2, a coexpression network was established, followed by RT-qPCR analysis to identify hub genes. The RT-qPCR results revealed that the genes Gh_A13G1261, Gh_D13G1562, Gh_D10G1155, Gh_A10G1320, and Gh_D06G1003 were significantly upregulated in the leaf and root samples following drought stress treatment, with Gh_A13G1261 identified as the hub gene. The GhTAT2 genes were considerably enriched for tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, and phenylalanine metabolism and isoquinoline alkaloid, tyrosine, tryptophan, tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. Under drought stress, KEGG enrichment analysis manifested significant upregulation of amino acids such as L-DOPA, L-alanine, L-serine, L-homoserine, L-methionine, and L-cysteine, whereas metabolites such as maleic acid, p-coumaric acid, quinic acid, vanillin, and hyoscyamine were significantly downregulated. Silencing the GhTAT2 gene significantly affected the shoot and root fresh weights of the plants compared with those of the wild-type plants under drought conditions. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that GhTAT2 expression in VIGS-treated seedlings was lower than that in both wild-type and positive control plants, indicating that silencing GhTAT2 increases sensitivity to drought stress. In summary, this thorough analysis of the gene family lays the groundwork for a detailed study of the GhTAT2 gene members, with a specific focus on their roles and contributions to drought stress tolerance.
[前沿资讯 ] 首个棉花纤维起始发育单细胞时空组学图谱发布 进入全文
中国农业科学院棉花研究所
近日，中国农业科学院棉花研究所乡村振兴科技创新团队牵头构建了首个结合单细胞转录组、空间转录组及空间代谢组的棉花纤维起始发育图谱。利用该图谱可以识别关键基因的表达模式及其与代谢途径的关系，深入剖析纤维发育过程中的核心调控机制。相关研究成果发表在《自然通讯（Nature Communications）》上。 棉花纤维是由种子外表皮表面的单细胞发育而来，在种子发育的早期阶段大约25%的胚珠表皮细胞分化成棉絮纤维。解析决定细胞发育命运及调控棉纤维起始和延伸的机制将为提高棉花纤维产量和品质提供新途径。 该研究绘制了棉花纤维早期发育的单细胞转录组图谱、空间转录组图谱及空间代谢组图谱，构建了一个多层次的棉花纤维起始发育的动态调控网络，不仅能够高分辨率捕捉纤维细胞发育过程中的基因表达模式，还能揭示与基因表达密切相关的代谢变化，填补了目前在纤维细胞发育研究中的技术空白。利用该图谱，该研究鉴定到一批调控纤维起始发育的关键基因。研究结果从单细胞水平全面解析了纤维起始发育过程中动态的调控网络，为棉纤维发育研究提供了重要数据资源，也为棉花精准育种提供了理论支撑。 该研究得到了国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等项目的支持。
