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[前沿资讯 ] Ultra-low gossypol cottonseed takes next step toward humanitarian use 进入全文
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M AgriLife Research has reached a major milestone in increasing the value of cotton, marking the initial step toward commercial adoption of food-ingredient cottonseed. This innovative development was led by Keerti Rathore, Ph.D., AgriLife Research plant biotechnologist in the Texas A&M Department of Soil and Crop Sciences. Rathore has spent more than 30 years improving the value of cotton, going beyond the growers' focus on the fiber and concentrating on the value-added use for the seed, which has a high protein and oil content. Cotton plants produce 1.6 times more seed than fiber by weight. Rathore's development of ultra-low gossypol cottonseed trait has opened the market to expand beyond the historically restricted market of dairy cows to feed poultry, swine and aquaculture species, in addition to direct use as a protein source for human consumption. To further advance adoption and demonstrate the global humanitarian potential of ultra-low gossypol cottonseed, AgriLife Research and Cotton Incorporated collaborated to make the trait available for noncommercial use a few years ago. As a result of these efforts, Uzbekistan has become the first country to formalize a partnership with the Texas A&M University System through Texas A&M Innovation. The agreement, facilitated by Uzbekistan's Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences, will support the incorporation of the trait into cotton varieties adapted for Uzbekistan, in alignment with the nation's food security objectives. In addition to validating this trait, U.S. cotton growers may see future benefits as germplasm and future biotech traits are shared back with AgriLife Research following Uzbekistan's adoption of ultra-low gossypol cottonseed. Making cottonseed edible The cotton plant produces more seeds by weight than fiber. However, gossypol, a naturally occurring toxic compound that deters insects, is present throughout the cotton plant, including the seeds. The gossypol prevents their use as food or feed for nonruminant animals. To date, the dairy industry's use of cottonseed as a feed has made it the No. 1 consumer of U.S. cottonseed. Rathore's ultra-low gossypol cottonseed, TAM 66274, partially funded by U.S. cotton growers, was approved for field planting and food and feed consumption by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2018 and U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2019. With it fully deregulated in the U.S., the incorporation of ultra-low gossypol cottonseed represents an untapped market and an exciting opportunity for the industry to incorporate the trait into their commercial varieties, Rathore said. Nobel Peace Laureate Norman Borlaug, Ph.D., renowned for saving a billion lives by developing high-yielding wheat varieties, supported ultra-low gossypol cottonseed and Rathore's work in a letter for a Nature manuscript back in 2005. "This research potentially opens the door to utilizing safely the more than 40 million tons of cottonseed produced annually as a large, valuable protein source for improving the nutrition of monogastric animals, including man," Borlaug wrote. Rathore's goal is the global adoption of ultra-low gossypol cottonseed. He envisions a future where cotton is valued for its fiber and as an alternative protein source. This dual-purpose use of the crop should improve the sustainability of cotton cultivation.
[前沿资讯 ] Biochar improves soil health for cotton production, study confirms 进入全文
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
For generations, farmers have used natural materials such as lime, gypsum and manure to improve their soil for growing crops. Now, a team of researchers led by the University of Missouri is giving new purpose to an established material — biochar, a charcoal-like substance made from leftover plant waste — and showing how it can address challenges facing today’s cotton growers. Even though biochar has been used in various forms of agriculture for thousands of years, this study focused on how it could help cotton farmers in the delta region of the United States, often called the Mississippi Delta. That’s where biochar comes in. The Mizzou researchers — led by Gurbir Singh, assistant professor of plant sciences at Mizzou’s College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, and MU Extension state specialist — turned to bagasse, a fibrous organic material left over after sugarcane is pressed for its juice. When converted into biochar and added to the soil, the product improved the soil’s ability to hold onto nutrients and moisture, giving cotton plants a better chance to grow strong and healthy. “Cotton is typically grown in sandy and sandy loam soil that struggles with low organic matter, less water-holding capacity and weaker aggregate stability,” Singh said. “These soils don’t hold water or nutrients well, and require more irrigation, which makes it harder to manage cotton production. Biochar offers a solution to these specific challenges.” Researchers also found one unexpected benefit of using biochar: It can help improve water quality by keeping nitrate-nitrogen — a common fertilizer ingredient — from seeping into groundwater. Nitrates can pose risks to human and environmental health. “Biochar can hold on to nitrates longer, which keeps them in the soil and out of the water supply,” Singh said. Looking ahead, Singh and colleagues plan to move beyond small-scale test plots and apply their findings on working farms. The next step is to partner with farmers who have access to biochar to see the results translate in real-world growing conditions. Singh also hopes to apply what they’ve learned to other crops such as corn and soybean. While the type of biochar and the amount used will vary with the other crops, he wants to see if the team’s basic approach could offer similar benefits. “Biochar impact on soil properties and soil solution nutrient concentrations under cotton production” was published in the Journal of Environmental Management. Co-authors are Gurpreet Kaur and Kelly Nelson at Mizzou; Ramandeep Kumar Sharma at Rutgers University; Amrinder Jakhar at University of Georgia; Jagmandeep Dhillon at Mississippi State University; and Saseendran Anapalli at the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service. Singh, Jakhar and Kaur also have joint affiliations at Mississippi State University. This study was done at the Mississippi State University Delta Research and Extension Center in collaboration with USDA Agriculture Research Service’s Crop Production System Research Unit in Stoneville, Mississippi.
[学术文献 ] Light-hormone crosstalk modulates vegetative branching and yield stability in dual-planting cotton systems 进入全文
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
Context: Dual-planting systems, characterized by retaining two seedlings per hole, offer a labor-efficient strategy for cotton cultivation by suppressing vegetative branching (VB) without compromising yield. However, the mechanisms underlying VB inhibition and yield stability remain poorly resolved. Method: This study integrates ecological, physiological, and molecular approaches to unravel how light-hormone crosstalk modulates branching plasticity in dual-planting cotton. Field trials comparing single- (1S) and dualplanting (2S) systems were conducted over two seasons, coupled with canopy microclimate analysis, stable isotope (13C) tracing, transcriptomics, and hormonal profiling. Results: Results demonstrated that dual-planting reduced VB-sourced boll density by 56.3 % while increasing fruiting branch (FB)-sourced yield by 12.9 %, maintaining total seed cotton yield parity with 1S. Canopy restructuring under 2S lowered photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and red/far-red (R/FR) ratios at VB positions by 45.5-55.6 % and 38.4 %, respectively, intensifying light competition. This activated the phyB-PIFsBRC1 signaling axis, triggering hormonal reconfiguration: suppressed auxin (IAA; 22.1 %) and cytokinin (CTKs; 24.3-52.2 %) levels alongside elevated jasmonate (JA; 49.7 %) and abscisic acid (ABA; 27.8 %). VB biomass correlated positively with PAR and growth-promoting hormones (IAA, CTKs) but negatively with ABA. Transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes (GhLHCB, GhPHYB) and growthpromoting pathways (GhYUC8, GhIPT1), alongside upregulation of stress-responsive genes (GhLOX1, GhPYL9). Concurrently, 13C tracing showed preferential photoassimilate allocation to FBs, enhancing fiber quality (7.3 % longer, 12.4 % stronger fibers) without yield loss. Conclusion: These findings establish a tripartite regulatory framework linking canopy ecology, hormonal dynamics, and light signaling to optimize resource partitioning. By elucidating the molecular basis of branching plasticity, this work provides actionable insights into breeding shade-resilient cultivars and refining high-density planting systems, advancing sustainable cotton production under labor-constrained scenarios.
[学术文献 ] The National Plant Germplasm System cotton collection-a review of germplasm resources, phenotypic characterization, and genomic variation 进入全文
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
This review is an investigation of the status of phenotypic and molecular characterization efforts in the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) cotton collection, highlighting progress to date to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of future characterization efforts. We considered recent publications of large-scale characterization activities involving the cotton collection. Reports of qualitative descriptors and quantitative phenotypes were considered as well as reports of molecular genotypes. Approximately 80% of cotton accessions are characterized with standardized descriptors and digital images; in addition, large numbers of accessions have recently been screened for resistance to Fusarium wilt, bacterial blight, and cotton leaf curl virus. Many studies have measured genotypes of accessions using a range of technologies-31% of accessions have been genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers, 5% have been genotyped with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, 7% have been genotyped with SNPs from resequencing, and 0.2% of accessions have been sequenced genomically de novo. These efforts ensure that valuable genetic resources are well-characterized, although only a small fraction of the genetic variability in the cotton collection has been surveyed to date. The integration of NPGS cotton collection resources with phenotypic and genotypic information has illuminated the value of cotton genetic variation and genes associated with important traits such as disease resistance and stress tolerance. The cotton collection is a premier information source and critical foundation of variation essential for cotton research and breeding programs aimed at developing resilient cultivars with superior yield and fiber quality in support of U.S. cotton production.
[学术文献 ] pseudo-GhFAD2-1 Is a lncRNA Involved in Regulating Cottonseed Oleic and Linoleic Acid Ratios and Seed Size in Gossypium hirsutum 进入全文
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), defined as transcripts > 200 nt without protein-coding capacity, play crucial regulatory roles in plant growth and development. While numerous lncRNAs exist in plants including cotton (Gossypium spp.), few are functionally characterised. G. hirsutum serves as both a premier fibre crop and significant oil source, where fatty acid desaturase 2 (GhFAD2-1) is a key gene for the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cottonseed. In this study, we confirmed that the GhFAD2-1 located on the D subgenome generated a tightly linked homologous copy through a tandem duplication event. Due to sequence divergence in the promoter and gene body following the duplication event, this homologous sequence was identified as a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and designated as pseudo-GhFAD2-1 (pGhFAD2-1). Knocking out pGhFAD2-1 increased linoleic acid content and reduced seed size, whereas over-expressing pGhFAD2-1 had opposite effects. pGhFAD2-1 interacts with histone deacetylase GhHDT1 and 40S ribosomal protein GhRPS12, transcriptionally recruiting GhHDT1 to suppress GhFAD2-1 expression and translationally inhibiting GhFAD2 protein synthesis by competitively binding RPS12 with GhFAD2-1 mRNA, ultimately disrupting cottonseed fatty acid biosynthesis. The impact of pGhFAD2-1 on seed size seems to be achieved through the ABA biosynthesis and signalling pathways via GhHDT1, with an increasing level of ABA leading to smaller seeds. The results expand our knowledge on the origin, function and regulatory mechanism of plant lncRNAs and provide new targets and pathways for genetic manipulation of cottonseed oil and seed size.
[学术文献 ] Impact of Using Preconsumer Cotton Waste on Yarn and Fabric Quality 进入全文
JOURNAL OF NATURAL FIBERS
This study explores and discusses the fiber quality from pre-production cotton waste, spun using rotor technology, on fabrics for use in home textiles or denim. The shortage of primary cotton on the market and changes in cotton quality due to organic farming have prompted producers to find optimal ways to recover cotton from waste. However, the reuse of cotton fibers from cotton waste is limited due to fiber quality degradation. Specific cleaning channels C and A on the Rieter R 37 were used to compare the effect of contamination on the quality of the final products. The quality of fibers, yarns, and fabrics in the gray state and after bleaching was analyzed, and the influence of fiber contamination was evaluated. The yarn spun in cleaning channel C was of comparable quality to that spun in cleaning channel A but with better fiber utilization at the expense of contamination. No significant degradation of the final treated fabric was observed. Fabric contamination, mainly due to seed coat fragments, correlated with contamination levels in yarn spun from different fiber blends and decreased as the treatment process progressed.
