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[学术文献 ] How vacuolar sugar transporters evolve and control cellular sugar homeostasis, organ development and crop yield 进入全文
NATURE PLANTS
Sugar exchange among different subcellular compartments is central for achieving cellular sugar homeostasis and directly affects the yield and quality of many horticultural and field crops. While a portion of photosynthesis-originated sugars is metabolized through glycolysis upon entering the cytosol, the remainder is reversibly channelled to the vacuole, mediated by different families of vacuolar sugar transporter (VST) located on the vacuolar membrane, the tonoplast. Historically, sugar transporters operating on plasma membranes have been studied more than those on tonoplasts. Recently, however, several breakthroughs have shed light on (1) the distinct roles of VSTs in plant development and stress responses and (2) how seemingly unrelated classes of VSTs act together to modulate sugar influx into and efflux from the vacuoles. Here we evaluate these advances, analyse the evolution of VSTs and identify knowledge gaps and future directions for better understanding and manipulation of cytosolic-vacuolar sugar exchange to optimize plant performance.
[学术文献 ] The chimeric gene orf610a reduces cotton pollen fertility by impairing the assembly of ATP synthase 进入全文
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) serves as a pivotal tool for exploiting hybrid vigour and studying nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Despite its long-standing use in cotton breeding, the underlying mechanisms of the CMS-D2 system remain elusive. Our study unravelled the role of the mitochondrial chimeric gene orf610a in reducing fertility in cotton through its interaction with ATP synthase subunit D (atpQ). Using yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular luciferase complementation, and transgenic overexpression studies, we identified a unique interaction between orf610a and atpQ, which disturbs the assembly of ATP synthase. This interaction leads to a decrease in ATP levels, an increase in H2O2 production, and mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are associated with pollen abortion. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses of three independent overexpression lines identified 1711 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 10 were related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP production. Phenotypic analysis confirmed that orf610a expression causes abnormal anther development and reduced pollen viability, contributing to sterility. Notably, SEM and TEM analyses highlighted structural anomalies in the pollen of orf610a-overexpressing lines, supporting the detrimental impacts of altered ATP synthase function. Our findings suggest that orf610a's interaction with ATP synthase components disrupts normal mitochondrial function and energy production, leading to male sterility in cotton. Understanding the molecular interactions involved in CMS can aid in developing strategies to manipulate sterility for crop improvement, offering insights into mitochondrial-nuclear interactions that could impact future breeding programmes.
[学术文献 ] Breeding triple-advantage cottonseed with higher yield, enhanced nutrition, and reduced toxicity by redirecting terpenoid metabolism to astaxanthin 进入全文
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Cottonseed is a valuable source of edible oil and protein, but its utilization is limited by high gossypol content. In this study, we engineered cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to biosynthesize astaxanthin through both single-gene (CrBKT) and multi-gene (CrBKT, ZmPSY1, PaCrtI, HpCrtZ) expression strategies. Transgenic cotton plants exhibited significant astaxanthin accumulation across multiple tissues, with distinct red pigmentation observed in leaves, stems, reproductive organs, and cottonseeds. While single CrBKT expression was sufficient to redirect metabolic flux toward astaxanthin biosynthesis, multi-gene transformation did not necessarily lead to higher astaxanthin levels, suggesting that BKT is the key determinant of astaxanthin accumulation in cotton. Additionally, BKT-overexpressing plants produced larger cottonseeds, with increased seed weight and size, indicating a possible link between carotenoid metabolism and seed development. Importantly, gossypol content was significantly reduced in transgenic cottonseeds, likely due to the redistribution of terpene metabolism. The qRT-PCR analyses confirmed that the expression of key gossypol biosynthetic genes was downregulated, supporting a metabolic trade-off between astaxanthin and gossypol biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that cotton can serve as a biofactory for astaxanthin production, providing a scalable and cost-effective alternative to traditional sources. Furthermore, the dual benefits of enhanced nutrition and reduced toxicity significantly expand the potential applications of cottonseed in human food, animal feed, and functional ingredient markets.
[学术文献 ] Role of Molecular Breeding Tools in Enhancing the Breeding of Drought-Resilient Cotton Genotypes: An Updated Review 进入全文
Water
Drought stress is an inevitable factor that disturbs the production of plants by altering morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular functions. Breeding for drought tolerance requires a complete understanding of the molecular factors controlling stress-responsive pathways. The plant responds to drought stress by adopting four mechanisms: avoidance, escape, tolerance, and recovery. Traditional plant-breeding tools have been employed to increase tolerance in cotton, but the complexity of drought tolerance has limited the use of these breeding methods. The plant adopts several key strategies against drought stress, such as activating the signaling network and activating molecular factors. Cotton breeders have been engaged in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in cotton using significant molecular tools such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, transcription factor (TFs) analysis, transcriptome analysis, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genetic engineering, and CRISPR/Cas9. Breeders have studied the functional description of genes and the interacting pathways accountable for controlling drought tolerance in cotton. Hundreds of genes/QTL have been identified, and many have been cloned for drought tolerance in cotton; however, a complete understanding of these traits still needs more study. This review presents a detailed overview of molecular tools, their application for improving drought tolerance in cotton, and their prospects. This review will help future researchers to conduct further studies to develop drought-tolerant cotton genotypes that can thrive under conditions of water scarcity.
[学术文献 ] Reveal genomic insights into cotton domestication and improvement using gene level functional haplotype-based GWAS 进入全文
Nature Communications
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used to detect associations between genetic variants and phenotypes. However, few studies have thoroughly analyzed genes, the fundamental and most crucial functional units. Here, we develop an innovative strategy to translate genomic variants into gene-level functional haplotypes (FHs), effectively reducing the interference from complex genome structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) present in the conventional genetic mapping framework. Using refined mixed linear models, gene-level FH is regressed with 20 cotton agronomic traits across 245 sets of phenotypic values in 3,724 accessions, directly identifying 532 quantitative trait genes (QTGs) with significant breeding potential. The biological function of a superior fiber quality QTG encoding ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase 1 is experimentally validated. Thereafter, we systematically analyze the genetic basis of cotton domestication and improvement at the gene level. This report provides genomic insight into the genetic dissection and efficient mapping of functional genes in plants.
[学术文献 ] Rhizospheric Bacillus isolates control Fusarium wilt on cotton and enhance plant biomass and root development 进入全文
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Cotton is a globally significant crop, serving as a source of natural fiber for the textile industry and contributing to various other products. Its economic importance is substantial, impacting livelihoods and international trade. However, cotton production faces numerous challenges, including Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), which can lead to significant yield and fiber quality losses. Plants alter their root exudate profiles in response to pathogens, often selectively enriching for beneficial rhizobacteria with antagonistic activity and plant growth-promoting traits. This study thus aims to characterize bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of diseased cotton plants. The antifungal activity of 43 isolates was assessed against Fov in vitro. Eight of these inhibited Fov growth by 68.4 to 76.9%. 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed these isolates as Bacillus species. These eight Bacillus strains were further examined for their different modes of action in vitro, and their effect on cotton plants in greenhouse experiments challenged with Fov. All eight strains produced chitinases and pectinases, seven demonstrated cellulase and three protease activity, six produced urease, and five siderophores. Only B. subtilis SC11 exhibited phosphate solubilization activity. Seed treatments revealed that B. subtilis SC10 and B. subtilis SC11 were the standout treatments reducing Fov-caused symptoms by similar to 83% compared to Fov-inoculated control plants and most significantly improved plant growth and antioxidant activity. In detail, B. subtilis SC11 increased shoot and root dry weight by 160 and 250%, respectively. B. subtilis SC10 increased peroxidase activity by similar to 143% and ascorbate peroxidase activity by similar to 60%, while in B. subtilis SC11 treated plants superoxide dismutase activity increased by similar to 100%. Bacillus treatments effectively mitigated lipid peroxidation, achieving up to 91.4% reduction (B. subtilis SC10, B. halotolerans SC15), and decreased H2O2 accumulation by up to 58.4% (B. halotolerans SC32) compared to the Fov control. Principle component analysis revealed that regarding plant growth parameters, the treatments, and controls were distributed differentially across PC1 and PC2, with 60.30 and 15.62% data variance, respectively, showing the effectiveness of Bacillus isolates in greenhouse experiments. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of sustainable biocontrol strategies for managing Fusarium wilt in cotton.
