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[学术文献 ] Enhancing cotton yield and fiber quality via the optimization of within-boll yield components with potassium application under limited drip irrigation in arid regions 进入全文
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
Increasing the cotton yield and fiber quality under a limited water supply is crucial for sustainable cotton production in arid regions facing water scarcity due to global warming. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of potassium application on the cotton yield and fiber quality under limited drip irrigation and enhance water-saving, high-yield cotton production in arid areas. A three-year field experiment was conducted from 2021-2023 via a split-plot experimental design, with two drip irrigation amounts (W1: 500, conventional drip irrigation; W2: 425 mm, limited drip irrigation) as the main plot and three potassium application levels (K1, K2 and K3: 48, 144 and 240 kg ha- 1, respectively) as the sub plot. The effects of the drip irrigation mode and potassium application level on the cotton yield and fiber quality were explored by assessing the differences in parameters such as the basic yield composition and the within-boll yield composition. The lint and cottonseed yield under the W2 treatment were 8.1 % and 5.7 % greater, respectively, than those under the W1 treatment. Under the W2 treatment, the lint yield increased by 22.0 and 15.1 % at the K2 and K3 application levels, and seed yield increased by 18.9 and 17.0 %, compared with those at the K1 application level. The best results were obtained under the W2K2 treatment, with 3614 kg ha- 1 lint and 4457 kg ha- 1 cottonseed. While the fiber characteristics remained stable, the W2K2 treatment exhibited an appropriate micronaire value and a higher Q score than those, at 4.1 (AA) and 32.3, respectively. Notably, under the W2K2 treatment, the boll weight (BW) and lint percentage (LP) significantly increased by 4.2-13.7 % and 2.5-6.2 %, respectively, and the boll density (BD) increased by 6.6-15.5 % compared with those under the other treatments (W1K1, W1K2, W1K3, and W2K1) from 2022-2023. These BW and LP increases could be attributed to single-boll biomass accumulation (SBA) and fiber percentage (fiber PCT) increases of 3.3-12.5 % and 6.5-16.7 %, respectively. An examination of the withinboll yield components revealed that under the W2K2 treatment, the lint index (LI), lint per seed (LPS), and individual fiber weight (IFW) values increased by 6.6-12.2 %, 6.6-12.2 %, and 2.9-12.8 %, respectively, compared with those under the other treatments. Under limited drip irrigation, applying an appropriate amount of potassium could optimize the yield of within-boll components while promoting SBA. These findings provide a foundation for enhancing basic yield components, ultimately achieving synchronized cotton yield and fiber quality increases. This irrigation and fertilizer management strategy provides new insights to ensure cotton yield enhancement and sustainable development in arid and semiarid regions.
[学术文献 ] Association of GhGeBP genes with fiber quality and early maturity related traits in upland cotton 进入全文
BMC GENOMICS
Transcription Factors (TFs) are key regulators of how plants grow and develop. Among the diverse TF families, the Glabrous-enhancer binding protein (GeBP) family plays a key role in trichome initiation and leaf development. The specific roles of GeBP TFs in plants remain largely unexplored, although GeBP transcription factors play important roles in plants. This study identified 16 GhGeBP genes in Gossypium hirsutum, ranging from 534 bp (GhGeBP14) to 1560 bp (GhGeBP2). Phylogenetic analysis grouped 16 GhGeBP genes clustered into three subgroups, unevenly distributed across 14 chromosomes. Analysis of the cis-acting elements revealed 408 motifs in the 2 kb upstream regions of the promoters, including stress-responsive, phytohormone-responsive, and light-responsive elements. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed 8 GhGeBP genes were highly expressed across all tissues, while GhGeBP4 and GhGeBP12 were down-regulated under conditions of drought, salt, cold, and heat stress. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified GhGeBP4 was associated with fiber micronaire (FM) and fiber strength (FS), while GhGeBP9 was linked to the node of the first fruiting branch (NFFB) and flowering time (FT). Haplotype analysis revealed that GhGeBP4-HAP2 exhibited higher fiber quality traits, while GhGeBP9-HAP2 was associated with early maturity. The results of this study offer significant insights that are worthy of further investigation into the role of the GhGeBP gene family in G. hirsutum and promising targets for marker-assisted selection strategies in cotton breeding programs, particularly for improving fiber quality and early maturity traits.
[学术文献 ] Effect of PRE-Herbicide Treatments on Weed Management, Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Yield and Fiber Properties 进入全文
JOURNAL OF NATURAL FIBERS
There are few registered pre-emergence herbicides in cotton and the growers usually apply the herbicides fluometuron, pendimethalin and s-metolachlor. However, other herbicides such as flurochloridone, flumioxazin and the premixture pendimethalin plus terbuthylazine are alternative pre-emergence options for weed control. A field experiment was conducted in northern Greece in 2021 and repeated in 2022 to study the effect of the preemergence mixtures fluometuron+ s-metolachlor at 1500 + 960 g a.i. ha(-1), flumioxazin+ s-metolachlor at 50 + 960 g a.i. ha(-1), flurochloridone+ s-metolachlor at 325 + 960 g a.i. ha(-1) and pendimethalin+ terbuthylazine at 1125 + 562.5 g a.i. ha(-1) on weed control, cotton yield and technological properties of cotton fiber. Amaranthus spp. Portulaca olearacea L. Solanum nigrum L. Chenopodium album L. were highly (>90%) controlled by all herbicides, Tribolus terrestris L. by flumioxazin+ s-metolachlor and pendimethalin+ terbuthylazine, whereas the perennial Sorghum halepense, Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. and Convolvulus arvensis L. were not affected. The response of cotton to these herbicides regarding crop emergence, growth, seed yield and technological properties of fiber was similar. Transient phytotoxic herbicide injuries were detected only in the second year of the study. Although, the phytotoxic injuries did not affect cotton growth, appropriate management of irrigation after herbicide application may be considered to decrease the incidence of serious herbicide injury.
[学术文献 ] GhDOFD45 promotes sucrose accumulation in cotton seeds by transcriptionally activating GhSWEET10 expression 进入全文
PLANT JOURNAL
Cotton seed development and fiber elongation are the inseparable and overlapped development processes requiring the continuous supply of sucrose as the direct carbon source. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of how sucrose is transported from the source tissues (leaves) into growing cotton seeds. Here, we identify the function of a sucrose transporter gene, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter 10, GhSWEET10 in cotton seed development. GhSWEET10 encodes a functional sucrose transporter, predominantly expressing in the funiculus, inner seedcoat, and endosperm during fiber elongation. GhSWEET10 RNAi plants (GhSWEET10i) accumulated less sucrose and glucose in growing seeds and that led to shorter fibers and smaller seeds, whereas GhSWEET10 overexpressed plants (GhSWEET10OE) had bigger seeds and longer fibers with more sugar accumulation during fiber elongation. GhSWEET10 gene is transcriptionally controlled by the transcription factor GhDOFD45. GhDOFD45 knockout plants (GhDOFD45-KO) possessed the phenotypes of smaller seeds and shorter fibers like those of GhSWEET10i plants. Furthermore, GhSWEET10 mainly exports the sucrose from the funiculus into developing seeds according to the mimic-analysis of sucrose transporting. Collectively, all these findings show that GhDOFD45 positively regulates GhSWEET10 expression to mainly transport sucrose from leaves into developing cotton seeds. Our findings also imply that the sucrose transport into enlarging seeds benefits fiber development, and thus GhSWEET10 can be selected as a target of breeding novel cotton varieties with larger and more vigorous seeds.
[学术文献 ] Novel resources to investigate leaf plasmodesmata formation in C3 and C4 monocots 进入全文
PLANT JOURNAL
Plasmodesmata (PD) are nanochannels that facilitate cell-to-cell transport in plants. More productive and photosynthetically efficient C4 plants form more PD at the mesophyll (M)-bundle sheath (BS) interface in their leaves than their less efficient C3 relatives. In C4 leaves, PD play an essential role in facilitating the rapid metabolite exchange between the M and BS cells to operate a biochemical CO2 concentrating mechanism, which increases the CO2 partial pressure at the site of Rubisco in the BS cells and hence photosynthetic efficiency. The genetic mechanism controlling PD formation in C3 and C4 leaves is largely unknown, especially in monocot crops, due to the technical challenge of quantifying these nanostructures with electron microscopy. To address this issue, we have generated stably transformed lines of Oryza sativa (rice, C3) and Setaria viridis (setaria, C4) with fluorescent protein-tagged PD to build the first spatiotemporal atlas of leaf pit field (cluster of PD) density in monocots without the need for electron microscopy. Across leaf development, setaria had consistently more PD connections at the M-BS wall interface than rice while the difference in M-M pit field density varied. While light was a critical trigger of PD formation, cell type and function determined leaf pit field density. Complementary temporal mRNA sequencing and gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the pattern of pit field density correlated with differentially expressed PD-associated genes and photosynthesis-related genes. PD-associated genes identified from our co-expression network analysis are related to cell wall expansion, translation and chloroplast signalling.
[学术文献 ] Convergence and divergence of diploid and tetraploid cotton genomes 进入全文
NATURE GENETICS
Polyploidy is an important driving force in speciation and evolution; however, the genomic basis for parallel selection of a particular trait between polyploids and ancestral diploids remains unexplored. Here we construct graph-based pan-genomes for diploid (A2) and allotetraploid (AD1) cotton species, enabled by an assembly of 50 genomes of genetically diverse accessions. We delineate a mosaic genome map of tetraploid cultivars that illustrates genomic contributions from semi-wild forms into modern cultivars. Pan-genome comparisons identify syntenic and hyper-divergent regions of continued variation between diploid and tetraploid cottons, and suggest an ongoing process of sequence evolution potentially linked to the contrasting genome size change in two subgenomes. We highlight 43% of genetic regulatory relationships for gene expression in diploid encompassing sequence divergence after polyploidy, and specifically characterize six underexplored convergent genetic loci contributing to parallel selection of fiber quality. This study offers a framework for pan-genomic dissection of genetic regulatory components underlying parallel selection of desirable traits in organisms. High-quality assemblies of 15 diploid and 35 allotetraploid cotton accessions are analyzed in graph-based pan-genomes, providing insights into genome dynamics and regulatory control of fiber transcriptomes under varying ploidy and selection pressures.
