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[学术文献 ] Fiber Quality and Stability of Partially Interspecific Cotton Lines Under Irrigation and Nitrogen Environments 进入全文
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Cotton is one of the most important crops worldwide, having considerable economic importance in Greece. This study aimed to evaluate the fiber quality traits of partially interspecific cotton lines under contrasting irrigation and nitrogen environments within a strip-split block field design. Experiments conducted over two consecutive years include a control (commercial cultivar Celia) and four partially interspecific lines of the Pa7 generation (Gossypium hirsutum x G. barbadense). Three irrigation and two nitrogen fertilization levels were applied. Significant differences were observed among genotypes and environments for all fiber quality traits, with some year-to-year variation. Genotypic response for yellowness was influenced by fertilization. Across the two experimental years, a strong Fertilization x Environment interaction was observed, and in the second year, a Genotype x Fertilization x Environment interaction was detected for the uniformity index. Pa7 lines consistently outperformed Celia in fiber length (approximate to 33 vs. 30 mm) and elongation (approximate to 7.0 vs. 5.5%), while exhibiting higher yellowness values. Fiber strength, micronaire, uniformity, and reflectance varied between years but remained within acceptable ranges. Overall, Pa7 lines demonstrated superior fiber quality and stability under variable conditions, highlighting their potential for breeding programs. These findings support the importance of integrating interspecific germplasm with suitable irrigation-nitrogen management to improve cotton fiber performance and resilience under diverse cultivation environments.
[学术文献 ] Multi-modal feature integration from UAV-RGB imagery for high-precision cotton phenotyping: A paradigm shift toward cost-effective agricultural remote sensing 进入全文
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
Cost-effective remote sensing solutions are critically needed to democratize precision agriculture technologies. While hyperspectral and LiDAR systems deliver high accuracy, their prohibitive costs limit widespread adoption. This study demonstrates that systematic multi-modal feature integration transforms standard UAV-based RGB imagery into a powerful phenotyping instrument, achieving crop trait prediction accuracy comparable to systems costing 10-50 times more. We developed a comprehensive framework integrating spectral indices, geometric parameters, and texture metrics from commodity RGB sensors to predict five critical cotton traits: leaf area index (LAI), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), above-ground biomass, lint yield, and seed cotton yield. The progressive integration approach employed Random Forest regression with four feature configurations: baseline color indices (CIbase), refined color indices (CIref), geometric parameters (CIref + GP), and texture metrics (CIref + GP + T). Field experiments across three trials over two growing seasons (2022-2023) with varying genotypes, planting densities, and sowing dates provided 2,126 ground truth measurements for model development and validation. The optimal multi-modal model achieved R2 = 0.97 for IPAR (rRMSE = 6 %), R2 = 0.91 for LAI (rRMSE = 15 %), and R2 = 0.85 for biomass (rRMSE = 32 %), with lint yield and seed cotton yield demonstrating R2 values of 0.92 and 0.77, respectively. Variance partitioning analysis revealed texture features as the dominant contributor (16.2 % +/- 7.1 %), followed by spectral indices (9.1 % +/- 4.2 %) and geometric parameters (8.0 % +/- 2.8 %), with substantial shared variance (45-65 %) indicating strong feature complementarity. Phenological analysis demonstrated that flowering-stage imagery outperformed boll opening stage measurements, while stage-general models showed superior robustness. Cross-temporal validation confirmed model generalizability, with trial-general models achieving R2 values of 0.91-0.97 for IPAR across diverse environmental conditions. The framework enables sub-meter spatial resolution trait mapping while maintaining operational simplicity and cost-effectiveness, demonstrating that systematic feature engineering can democratize high-precision phenotyping technologies for broader agricultural applications.
[学术文献 ] Examining photosynthetic induction variation among historical cotton cultivars through time-integrated limitation analyses 进入全文
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
A thorough understanding of the biochemical, stomatal, and mesophyll components that limit photosynthetic induction is crucial for targeted improvement of crop productivity. However, compared with biochemical activation and stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm) remains underexplored in induction studies. The fluorescence method (the variable J method) is a valid and widely accessible tool for gm measurement under steady-state conditions. Here, we experimentally validated the applicability of the fluorescence method under nonsteady-state conditions, demonstrating comparable induction kinetics of gm with the well-established carbon isotope method. Building on this validation, we combined the fluorescence method with gas-exchange measurements to comprehensively examine the induction kinetics of photosynthetic rate (A) and its associated components in a set of historical cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. Our results showed no significant effect of the year of cultivar release on A during induction, suggesting that dynamic photosynthesis has not benefited from past selection efforts in cotton. Nonetheless, significant among-cultivar variations were observed in all measured induction traits, hinting at breeding opportunities for leveraging dynamic photosynthetic variation to boost crop productivity. Through induction-period-integrated limitation analysis, we further identified gs as the single most important limiter of photosynthetic induction across all cotton cultivars. Moreover, the analysis also demonstrated that accurately accounting for gm kinetics is essential for the unbiased acquisition of mechanistic insights into nonsteady-state photosynthetic physiology. We recommend that future induction studies incorporate gm measurements whenever possible to strengthen the knowledge base necessary for genetically enhancing dynamic carbon gain and crop yield in the field. Time-integrated limitation analyses incorporating mesophyll conductance reveal stomatal conductance as the primary limitation of photosynthetic induction among historical cotton cultivars.
[前沿资讯 ] APS PRESS releases third edition of cotton industry’s most trusted diagnostic resource 进入全文
AMERICAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Cotton is one of the oldest cultivated crops, and it is the most important fiber crop worldwide. Numerous biological and abiotic factors can affect cotton growth and development, and cotton diseases and other pests play a significant role in the profitability of the crop worldwide each year. Trusted by researchers, crop consultants, and growers worldwide for more than 40 years, Compendium of Cotton Diseases and Pests returns for a third edition with significant updates and new content. Written by 70 experts from around the world and edited by Travis R. Faske (Lonoke Extension Center, University of Arkansas System), Terrance L. Kirkpatrick (retired, Southwest Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas System), Craig S. Rothrock (retired, University of Arkansas), and Jason E. Woodward (PhytoGen), this essential edition delivers the most up-to-date information on cotton diseases, arthropod pests, and abiotic disorders—making it the most comprehensive guide of its kind to date. New to this edition is an expanded focus on entomology, including 14 chapters covering key arthropod pests that impact cotton production. Readers will also find new insights on emerging diseases such as target spot and areolate mildew, as well as updated information on lesion nematodes and other challenges facing today’s cotton industry. Hundreds of new and revised high-resolution images enhance identification and diagnosis, while a newly added glossary and a detailed appendix of cotton diseases and pests increase usability in the field or the lab. Whether you're a plant pathologist, agronomist, Extension professional, or grower, Compendium of Cotton Diseases and Pests, Third Edition will equip you with the knowledge needed to protect yields, improve plant health, and make informed management decisions. This title was published by APS PRESS, the publishing imprint of The American Phytopathological Society, a nonprofit, international organization that advances the science and practice of plant health management in agricultural, urban, and forest settings. The Society was founded in 1908 and has grown from 130 charter members to more than 3,500 scientists and practitioners worldwide.
[前沿资讯 ] Ultra-Low Gossypol Cotton: Transforming Cottonseed into a Global Protein Source 进入全文
ISAAA Inc.
Cotton plants produce significantly more seed than lint, with about 1.6 pounds of seed for every pound of lint. While the oil from these seeds can be used for human food, the protein is typically not because it contains a natural toxin called gossypol. Gossypol is a naturally occurring compound in the cotton plant and is present in the plant's stems, leaves, flower buds, and especially the seeds. Gossypol is the main toxic component in cottonseed meal. Gossypol acts as a natural defense mechanism for the cotton plant, protecting it from insects, pests, and pathogens. It is toxic to monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry, and pre-ruminant/immature ruminants like young calves and lambs. In humans, high levels of gossypol can be detrimental, limiting the use of cottonseed protein in food products. The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approves cottonseed with no more than 450 ppm free gossypol for human consumption. Ultra-low gossypol cotton Scientists tried to breed cotton varieties with less gossypol, but these plants became vulnerable to insect damage. However, researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Research used genetic engineering to create a dual-purpose cotton variety with an ultra-low gossypol trait that can be used for fiber and human and animal consumption. In 2018, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced the deregulation of genetically engineered cotton with ultra-low levels of gossypol in its seed, developed by experts led by plant biotechnologist Keerti Rathore at Texas A&M AgriLife Research. In 2019, the USFDA approved the ultra-low gossypol cottonseed (ULGCS) to be used as human food and animal feed. ULGCS is derived from a transgenic cotton variety TAM66274. It is a unique cotton plant with ultra-low gossypol levels in the seed, which makes the protein from the seeds safe for food use, but also maintains normal plant-protecting gossypol levels in the rest of the plant, making it ideal for the traditional cotton farmer. According to Rathore, "the amount of protein locked up in the annual output of cottonseed worldwide is about 10.8 trillion grams. That is more than what is present in all the chicken eggs produced globally, and enough to meet the basic protein requirements of over 500 million people." The human food ingredients from TAM66274 cottonseed can be roasted cottonseed kernels, raw cottonseed kernels, cottonseed kernels, partially defatted cottonseed flour, defatted cottonseed flour, and cottonseed oil. For animal feed, the low-gossypol cottonseed can be used in the aquaculture and poultry industries. Ultimately, Rathore’s goal is for global adoption of TAM66274 to help address protein malnutrition in impoverished parts of the world that cultivate cotton. Gossypol-free cottonseed In 2022, Rathore's team successfully developed gossypol-free cottonseed. Using RNA interference, they were able to silence the gene d-cadinene synthase to reduce gossypol concentration in the seed by 97%, without lowering the gossypol in other parts of the cotton plant where it is needed as defense against insects and diseases. According to an open-access article in Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, field trials conducted in multiple states from 2009 to 2016 validated the stability and heritability of the trait, with no effect on agronomic performance. ULGCS takes next step toward humanitarian use In 2025, after decades of research, Uzbekistan will become the first country to formally partner with the Texas A&M University System to integrate the ULGCS trait into its cotton crops. The agreement, facilitated by Uzbekistan’s Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences, will support the incorporation of the trait into cotton varieties adapted for Uzbekistan. This collaboration will also support Uzbekistan's national food security goals. Ibrokhim Abdurakhmonov, Ph.D., a former student at Texas A&M Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and current Uzbekistan Minister of Agriculture, facilitated this humanitarian relationship. “The transfer of cutting-edge cotton innovation offers a significant opportunity for Uzbekistan’s cotton industry,” Abdurakhmonov said. “It is of interest to the research community, government, and farmers, aligning fully with Uzbekistan’s food security agenda.” The partnership is a significant step toward Rathore's goal of making cotton a dual-purpose crop—valued for both its fiber and its seed as a protein source. This development is expected to improve the sustainability of cotton farming worldwide and holds potential for U.S. cotton growers to benefit from shared genetic material in the future. Conclusion Gossypol has long been a significant barrier to using cottonseed as a protein source for human food and animal feed. While this natural toxin protects the cotton plant from pests, its presence in the seeds makes them unsafe for human and animal consumption. The groundbreaking research by Texas A&M AgriLife has changed the future of the cotton industry. With the recent partnership between Texas A&M and Uzbekistan, the global adoption of ULGCS is now a reality. This development represents a major step toward addressing global protein malnutrition, improving food security, and transforming cotton into a dual-purpose crop—valuable for both its fiber and its high-protein seed.
[学术文献 ] Patterns of domestication in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum): a perspective from multielement stoichiometry 进入全文
BMC Plant Biology
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most important cash crops in the world, but few studies have investigated its chemical and physiological changes during domestication, especially changes in chemical element stoichiometry. We investigated the concentrations of 15 chemical elements (carbon, nitrogen, calcium, potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, silicon, manganese, boron, zinc, nickel, copper, and molybdenum) in the leaves of 41 genotypes of semiwild and domesticated upland cotton. Principal component analysis, network analysis and domestication effect analysis were used to explore the changes in multielement stoichiometry during the domestication of upland cotton. Analysis of the multielement network indicated that calcium became a more important element after domestication. Across the studied genotypes, the concentrations of carbon and phosphorus decreased after domestication, whereas the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and zinc increased. These alterations resulted in significant domestication effects on some elemental ratios. Combined with changes in plant aboveground biomass, a genetic dilution effect of phosphorus was found. We proposed and tested the “elemental domestication effect” (EDE) in upland cotton (the higher the concentration of elements, the easier it is to be changed during domestication), which may provide new directions for potential crop breeding. We suggest further increasing the calcium, magnesium, and zinc concentrations to enhance the potential for cotton yield and quality, and to reverse the continuous decrease in phosphorus concentration through biological fortification.
