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[前沿资讯 ] 哈萨克斯坦育种专家培育出抗枯萎病棉花新品种 进入全文
哈萨克国际通讯社
哈萨克斯坦棉花和瓜类作物实验站有限责任公司正处于抗枯萎病棉花新品种Makhtaaral-5030的最终试验阶段。本季度，该单位计划为这一新品种申请专利。试验数据显示，Makhtaaral-5030具备出色的农艺特性。生长期为110至115天，籽棉产量达每公顷43.5公担，单铃棉絮重约为6.1至6.2克。该品种纤维产率为39.7%，长度33.5毫米，马克隆值为4.5，完全符合纺织工业的质量标准。纤维线密度为5300米特克斯，断裂强度为4.9克/特。据哈萨克斯坦农业部发布的消息，科研人员特别强调，该品种对枯萎病表现出极高的抗性：在人工感染条件下，受害率仅为0.1%，远低于现有标准品种Bereke-07的0.4%以上的感染率。从植物形态特征来看，Makhtaaral-5030为分枝较为分散的类型，株高可达120厘米。合轴分枝自第4至第5节起形成，叶片较大，呈绿色。棉铃多为4至5裂，呈圆形，成熟后开裂良好，所产纤维洁白纯净。千粒重约125克。自2024年起，Makhtaaral-5030已被纳入哈萨克斯坦允许区域化种植的棉花品种目录。
[学术文献 ] Resource-Efficient Cotton Network: A Lightweight Deep Learning Framework for Cotton Disease and Pest Classification 进入全文
PLANTS-BASEL
Cotton is the most widely cultivated natural fiber crop worldwide, yet it is highly susceptible to various diseases and pests that significantly compromise both yield and quality. To enable rapid and accurate diagnosis of cotton diseases and pests-thus supporting the development of effective control strategies and facilitating genetic breeding research-we propose a lightweight model, the Resource-efficient Cotton Network (RF-Cott-Net), alongside an open-source image dataset, CCDPHD-11, encompassing 11 disease categories. Built upon the MobileViTv2 backbone, RF-Cott-Net integrates an early exit mechanism and quantization-aware training (QAT) to enhance deployment efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. Experimental results on CCDPHD-11 demonstrate that RF-Cott-Net achieves an accuracy of 98.4%, an F1-score of 98.4%, a precision of 98.5%, and a recall of 98.3%. With only 4.9 M parameters, 310 M FLOPs, an inference time of 3.8 ms, and a storage footprint of just 4.8 MB, RF-Cott-Net delivers outstanding accuracy and real-time performance, making it highly suitable for deployment on agricultural edge devices and providing robust support for in-field automated detection of cotton diseases and pests.
[学术文献 ] Enhancing melatonin biosynthesis in crops through synthetic genetic circuits: A strategy for nutritional fortification in soybean and stress resistance in cotton 进入全文
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Melatonin has gained considerable prominence in the treatment of insomnia that significantly impacts one-third of the global population. The production of melatonin remains challenging due to limitations in current methods. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing more efficient and innovative production techniques. Here, we demonstrated the potential of crop seeds as a platform for melatonin synthesis by engineering multiple BUFFER genetic circuits using synthesized transcriptional regulators, which enhance expression precision, orthogonality and thresholds. Biofortified soybeans exhibited a 31-fold increase in melatonin content compared to standard Williams 82, without detrimental impact on yield. Protein content was elevated, oil content reduced and the soybeans were suitable for post-harvest processing. Furthermore, plants enriched in endogenous melatonin exhibited stronger resilience to adversity, evidenced by improved salinity tolerance in soybean seeds and increased resistance to Verticillium dahliae in cotton. Our research paves the way for the synthesis of target compounds in staple crops using synthetic genetic circuits, facilitating the development of novel biofortified crops to increase nutritional availability and environmental adaptability in the upcoming new era of agriculture.
[前沿资讯 ] 华中农大团队通过代谢组学和细胞壁多糖组学解析纤维长度的调控模型 进入全文
生物通
棉花纤维作为一种重要的天然纤维，是纺织工业的主要原料。棉纤维的胞内和细胞壁的代谢物会影响纤维细胞伸长和细胞壁的合成过程，对成熟纤维长度有重要作用，然而纤维内代谢物的遗传机制及对成熟纤维长度的影响尚不清楚。 近日，我校棉花遗传改良团队在杂志New Phytologist发表题为“Identification of genetic basis underlying mature cotton fiber length through metabolite-based genome wide association analysis”的研究论文。该研究通过对251份棉花自然群体的15DPA纤维进行非靶向代谢物测定以及20DPA纤维进行细胞壁多糖测定，结合群体重测序及表达谱数据，鉴定出一系列可用于改善棉纤维长度的遗传位点，提出一个新的成熟纤维长度的遗传代谢调控模型。 该团队使用液相色谱-串联质谱方法（liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ，LC-MS/MS）对251份棉花自然群体进行代谢谱分析，对15DPA棉纤维的代谢产物进行了表征。代谢数据分析鉴定出857种代谢物，对各类代谢产物的变异系数（CV, %）进行分析，约16%的代谢产物的CV大于50%。广义遗传力（H2）分析发现，有超过65%的代谢产物的H2大于0.5。这表明代谢产物可以为群体遗传研究的性状。此外通过Pearson相关分析，对这些代谢物进行了特征分析。 此前，课题组基于群体的基因组信息，建立了包含2,372,767个SNP的数据集。采用线性混合模型对857个代谢产物进行了mGWAS。初步鉴定到 A06的热点区域（75~100Mb）与15DPA的代谢产物显著相关，并具有最密集的mQTL。显著SNPs的分布表明，大多数代谢物（主要注释为寡肽、AA和AA衍生物）与染色体A06中85 - 96.2 Mb的SNPs相关。连锁不平衡（LD）分析显示，该区域的SNPs具有很强的连锁效应。结合单倍型分析，Hap2和Hap3棉花种质中积累的代谢物更多。此外，比较3种单倍型间成熟纤维性状的差异，纤维长度、皮棉百分比和纤维长度均匀度的差异较大， 确定Hap3是纤维表型更佳的优良单倍型。 最显著的SNPs位于block1 （85.09 ~ 90.22 Mb）和block4 (93.75 ~ 96.18 Mb)，这两个位点是可能性最大的候选区间。对此区间的候选基因的表达模式、单倍型间的表型差异、以及种质间的表达量差异进行分析，确定了两个候选基因Ghir_A06G013480和Ghir_A06G014150。 通过与mQTL有关联的193个代谢物与棉花群体成熟纤维性状进行Pearson相关分析。大部分代谢物（101/193）与纤维长度、皮棉百分比和长度均匀度呈强正相关。对与101个代谢物显著相关的基因进行GO富集分析，发现主要富集在植物细胞壁生物发生、角质层发育、脂质代谢和超长链脂肪酸代谢通路中。 基于GC-MS的方法，对群体的20DPA棉纤维样品进行定量细胞壁多糖组分析，共鉴定出10种多糖成分。15DPA代谢物与20DPA细胞壁多糖之间的相关性分析表明，大多数代谢物与纤维素呈负相关；结合单倍型分析，qA06:85-96.2Mb位点的Hap3基因型种质积累了更少的纤维素，但其纤维长度等品质更好，表明纤维伸长到次生壁加厚的转换期过多纤维素积累会对成熟纤维性状产生负面影响。 对纤维细胞壁多糖组分进行GWAS分析，鉴定到多个显著的QTL位点。其中8种成分：鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸（Rhamnogalacturonan）, 阿拉伯聚糖（Arabinan）, I型阿拉伯半乳聚糖（I-Arabinogalactan），II 型阿拉伯半乳聚糖（II-Arabinogalactan），异质木聚糖（Heteroxylan），异质甘露聚糖（Heteromannan），木葡聚糖（Xyloglucan）和纤维素（Cellulose）在D11染色体的24.2-24.8 Mb区域具有相同的QTL位点，此前报道的候选基因GhKRP6 （Ghir_D11G020340）位于该区间内。群体在D11染色体24.2-24.8 Mb内可分为3个单倍型，单倍型Hap1和Hap2的纤维长度大于Hap3，更多的纤维素和胼胝质的含量在Hap3中明显积累，与次生细胞壁纤维素合成相关的基因（CESA4、CESA7、CESA8）在Hap3中的平均表达水平明显高于Hap1和Hap2。 进一步对关键候选基因GhKRP6 （Ghir_D11G020340）进行遗传转化，验证了棉纤维发育过程中GhKRP6G通过对细胞壁多糖沉积的精确调控来控制棉花成熟纤维长度。将两个不同阶段纤维样本的代谢组数据集连接起来，对QTL q06:85-96.2 Mb热点和qFL9位点进行联合单倍型分析，最终提出了一个成熟纤维长度的遗传代谢调控模型。 该研究借助非靶向代谢物测定、细胞壁多糖测定，丰富了棉花mGWAS的相关研究，结合群体基因组信息和多年多点的群体成熟纤维表型，提出了成熟纤维长度的遗传调控模型，为通过遗传和精细地修改代谢物和细胞壁属性来改善成熟纤维长度提供了新思路。
[学术文献 ] Transcriptomic exploration yields novel perspectives on the regulatory network underlying trichome initiation in Gossypium arboreum hypocotyl 进入全文
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Trichomes play a crucial role in plant stress tolerance and serve as an excellent model for studying epidermal cell differentiation. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying trichome development in cotton stems, we investigated two Gossypium arboreum mutants that exhibit abnormal trichome patterns during hypocotyl growth. Based on morphological characteristics, we classified four developmental stages: preinitiation, initiation, elongation, and maturation. Comparative transcriptome profiling of epidermal cells across these stages identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through maSigPro analysis, which revealed that these DEGs were primarily associated with pathways involved in cell wall metabolism. Additionally, integrated weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Cytoscape analyses identified 20 core regulatory genes from a total of 59 candidates linked to epidermal development. Utilizing three machine learning algorithms (SVM-RFE, Boruta, and LASSO), we consistently prioritized five key regulators: Ga02G1392 (TBR), Ga03G0474 (OMR1), Ga12G2860 (ACO1), Ga11G2117 (BBX19), and Ga12G2864 (CUE). RT-qPCR validation confirmed their stage-specific expression patterns, which were consistent with the RNA-Seq data. Our study establishes a comprehensive framework for research on cotton trichomes and identifies critical genetic components governing epidermal hair development, thereby providing new insights for the molecular breeding of stress-resistant cotton varieties.
[学术文献 ] Water stress reduces cellulose deposition in the cell wall and increases wax content, resulting in decreased fiber quality 进入全文
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Introduction: Water deficiency reduces cotton fiber quality, but the underlying mechanisms behind this decline remain poorly understood. Although the cuticle is critical for plant water homeostasis under drought, few studies have addressed the relationship between water stress, fiber epidermal wax, and fiber quality. Thus, studying the interaction between fiber cuticular wax and quality is crucial for understanding plant drought tolerance and breeding superior drought-resistant cotton varieties. Methods: This experiment was designed as a randomized block design. Two cotton cultivars, Xincaimian7 (XC7, with high cuticular wax) and Shidamian217 (SD217, with low cuticular wax), were selected as materials. Two irrigation regimes were applied: well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD), each with three independent biological replicates. Results: Results showed WD irrigation significantly reduced the cotton fiber accumulation rate, particularly between 25-30 days post-anthesis (DPA). Compared with WW irrigation, the rate decreased by 23.62% and 30.82% respectively. WD treatment significantly inhibited the expression of the genes encoding sucrose synthase GhSusy and cellulose synthase GhCesA in cotton fibers. At 30 DPA, compared to the WW treatment, the sucrose contents in SD217 and XC7 fibers decreased by 18.66% and 12.85%, while cellulose contents dropped by 9.91% and 17.17%, respectively, resulting in a significant decrease in the thickness of the cell walls by 10.59% and 9.50% respectively. However, the WD treatment significantly induced the expression of wax synthesis-related genes in cotton fibers. Compared with the WW treatment, at 30 DPA, the epidermal wax contents of the fibers of SD217 and XC7 increased significantly by 81.87% and 97.34%, respectively. Correlation analysis reveals a significant positive relationship between fiber strength, length, and the contents of cellulose and sucrose (p<0.01). Conversely, a significant negative correlation exists between these fiber properties and wax content (p<0.01). Discussion: In summary, WD reduces the sucrose content in cotton fibers and induces wax accumulation. Thinner cell walls combined with a thicker wax layer altered the mechanical properties of the fibers, thus leading to a decrease fiber quality. Therefore, when breeding drought-tolerant varieties, breeders need to balance the drought resistance with the sucrose and wax characteristics of the fibers.
