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[学术文献 ] Genome-wide identification of boron transporters (GhBORs) in upland cotton and the role of GhBOR1 in promoting flowering 进入全文
BMC Plant Biology
BackgroundBoron (B) is a vital trace element necessary for the healthy growth and development of plants and significantly affects agricultural productivity. The efficient absorption and transport of boron in plants is mainly mediated by boron effector transporters encoded by the BOR gene family. However, research on the boron transporter (BOR) in cotton has been limited.ResultsIn this research, we identified 50 BOR proteins across three cotton species that presented conserved structural features and functions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the BOR proteins of different cotton species can be divided into four subfamilies, with most of the BOR proteins from upland cotton assigned to subfamily III. Synteny analysis suggested that gene duplication and rearrangement played a role in the evolution of cotton from diploids to tetraploids. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that GhBOR1 expression was upregulated not only in the leaf tissues but also in the leaves of early-maturity cultivars. We further verified the function of this gene using VIGS. Compared with the control plants (TRV:00), the GhBOR1 gene-silenced plants presented delayed flowering and decreased pollen viability, suggesting that GhBOR1 played a crucial role in regulating flowering time and pollen viability in cotton. Furthermore, silencing GhBOR1 also influenced the expression of critical genes involved in flowering regulation, suggesting that GhBOR1 might promote flowering by regulating the activity of these genes.ConclusionA total of 23 GhBORs were identified in upland cotton, among which GhBOR1 played a pivotal role in controlling flowering time and pollen viability, providing genetic resources for breeding for early maturity.
[前沿资讯 ] 一批棉花新品种大面积推广应用 带动全国棉花单产显著提升 进入全文
人民日报海外版
近日，记者从农业生物育种国家科技重大专项成果展示活动中获悉，近年来，我国在棉花生物育种领域取得重要进展，一批高产、优质、抗逆、适合机采的棉花新品种成功培育并推广应用，为我国棉花产业高质量发展提供了有力的科技支撑。 在农业生物育种重大专项支持下，国内种业企业与科研单位协同攻关，运用分子标记选择、基因聚合等现代育种技术，以“高产、优质、抗病、宜机采”为主攻方向，成功培育出“金棉2号”“新塔棉11号”等30多个综合性状突出的棉花新品种。 随着新品种推广应用，棉花产业正迎来单产、品质和效益同步提升的新阶段。这些品种在纤维长度、强度等关键品质指标上表现优异，同时具备良好的抗病性、抗逆性以及吐絮集中、适合机械采收等重要特性，为提升棉花产业竞争力提供了核心种源。3年来，国家棉花生物育种项目带动了棉花育种整体水平提升，全国棉花单产水平从项目启动前的132.8公斤提高到去年的144.8公斤，增长9%，其中良种的使用起到了关键作用，良种化率提升5%以上，达到98%。
[学术文献 ] Genetic dissection of cotton fiber quality and yield components using an interspecific introgression population 进入全文
Theoretical and Applied Genetics
Key messageThe 66 stable QTLs related to fiber quality and yield components were identified using Gh-Gb introgression population. A keratin-associated gene GbKAP from qFU-D04-1b is verified to modulate cell elongation and seed yield.AbstractChromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are a powerful tool for genetic dissection of complex quantitative traits. Here, we re-sequenced 117 CSSLs introgressed from Gossypium barbadense acc. Hai7124 into G. hirsutum acc. TM-1. A total of substitution segment length of 4572 Mb, with a total genome coverage of 68.78%, were identified. Utilizing both regression stepwise-likelihood ratio test (RSTEP-LRT) and composite interval mapping (CIM) methods, 145 common QTLs (co-QTLs) were detected simultaneously across four environments/years, including 65 associated with fiber quality traits and 80 related to yield components. Among these, 66 co-QTLs were detected in two or more environments/years as stable QTLs. We further verified a stable fiber uniformity (FU)-related QTL qFU-D04-1b using F2 and F2:3 secondary segregating populations derived from a cross between the elite introgression line CSSL25 and TM-1 and fine-mapped the QTL to the region of 762 kb on D04 chromosome. Within this interval, GB_D04G0512 named as GbKAP, encoding a keratin-associated protein, exhibited higher transcript level during fiber elongation stages in CSSL25 than in TM-1. There was a non-synonymous SNP in the coding region and three specific transcription factor binding sites in the promoter of GbKAP in CSSL25 compared to its homolog in TM-1. Heterologous expression of GbKAP in Arabidopsis resulted in increased root length, root cell length, hypocotyl length, rosette leaf growth, plant height, and seed size and weight, indicating GbKAP plays an important role in cell elongation and seed yield. This study provides valuable resources for the improvement of upland cotton fiber quality and yield traits.
[学术文献 ] GhWRKY41 Confers Salt Tolerance by Enhancing Photosynthetic Capacity in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 进入全文
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
Cotton is a vital textile resource; however, its productivity and fibre quality are severely affected by soil salinity. Identifying salt-tolerant genes is critical for improving cotton resilience, yet the molecular mechanisms linking photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism to the salt stress response remain poorly understood. In this study, the WRKY transcription factor GhWRKY41 was identified as a key regulator of salt tolerance by screening WRKY family members responsive to salinity stress. Functional validation demonstrated that GhWRKY41 overexpression significantly enhanced salt tolerance in cotton and Arabidopsis, whereas gene knockdown increased the sensitivity of cotton to salt stress. GhWRKY41 directly binds to and activates the expression of two salt-responsive genes, GhMPK3 and GhLEA3. Global transcriptomic analyses revealed that GhWRKY41 and its Arabidopsis homologues regulate a set of genes involved in photosynthesis and salt stress responses. Notably, GhWRKY41 knockdown downregulated genes encoding photosystem reaction centre proteins, impairing photosynthetic capacity under salt stress. These findings indicate that GhWRKY41 enhances salt tolerance primarily by maintaining elevated photosynthetic activity in cotton under saline conditions. This study provides novel insights into the complex regulatory network underlying the response of cotton to salt stress and presents a valuable genetic resource for breeding salt-tolerant cotton varieties.
[学术文献 ] Breeding commercially adoptable cotton resistant to reniform nematode 进入全文
CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE
Context The reniform nematode has become a major constraint in central Queensland cotton regions. This prompts a need to develop resistant cotton to control its ongoing impact and spread.Aims This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of imported resistances to local reniform nematode and demonstrated a breeding approach to develop high-performance resistant cotton with the current genetically modified traits.Methods Two introduced resistance sources, in either exotic or local genotypic backgrounds, were tested in infested fields to quantify their effect on suppressing reniform population in soils. Backcrossing was employed to transfer the resistance into elite genotypic backgrounds and the resultant lines were tested and selected in a yield test system to identify high-performance lines.Key results In the infested fields, the resistance from Gossypium barbadense, namely Renbarb, was more capable than Renlon from G. longicalyx, in suppressing the increases of the reniform nematode population, and offered better early plant growth. Three repeated backcrosses were found to be minimally required to re-assure yield potential of the derived families and/or lines with resistance comparable to a recurrent parent. The best lines with Renbarb exhibited higher yields than the commercial varieties in non-infested field conditions and had improved fibre properties.Conclusions High-performing cotton resistant to reniform nematode was developed through incorporating the effective resistance into elite genotypic backgrounds and exploiting within-family variation.Implications Breeding and deploying the resistance should enhance ongoing farm productivity by minimising the impact and spread of reniform.
[学术文献 ] Improvement of Cottonseed Oil and Fatty Acids Through Introgression Breeding in Upland Cotton 进入全文
PLANTS-BASEL
Upland cotton is an important fiber and oilseed crop. Cottonseed produces approximately 15% of farm gate value in cotton production. Therefore, improvement of cottonseed oil can significantly increase the economic return of cotton production with the same land use and investment. However, genetic variation in cottonseed oil is highly limited within upland cotton, limiting the genetic gain in cottonseed oil. Introgression breeding can alleviate this bottleneck effect by introducing desirable genes from Pima to Upland cotton. The objective of this study was to evaluate introgression lines (ILs) for better cottonseed oil. A population of 590 ILs, developed from a cross between Acala 1517-99 and Pima, was grown in Las Cruces, NM in 2022 which was used for the fatty acid methyl ester analysis through gas chromatography. There was a high level of variation in cottonseed oil and fatty acids. In the biplot, cottonseed oil was positively correlated with oleic acid and negatively related with palmitic acid. The cluster analysis identified a group of ILs with the highest average oil and oleic acid. As a result, ILs with better oil profiles were identified for further testing and analysis toward the development of high-quality cotton varieties with higher and better oil.
