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[前沿资讯 ] 中国科大实现下一代棉花纤维检验技术新突破 进入全文
中国科学技术大学
瞄准当前检验技术中样本准备环节高度依赖人工的关键瓶颈，中国科学技术大学工程科学学院/人形机器人研究院张世武教授、金虎副教授团队与中国纤维质量监测中心、安徽省纤维检验局提出了基于机械样本准备方法的下一代纤维检验技术，相关成果于7月9日以Mechanical specimen preparation method for next-generation cotton quality testing using HVIs 为题在农林领域TOP期刊《Industrial Crops and Products》上在线发表。棉花作为民生领域的战略性大宗农产品，其交易深度依赖纤维质量检验，检验技术的先进性决定了棉花市场的公正性和稳定性，并直接影响国际贸易定价话语权。基于国外引进的HVI检验技术，我国构建了国家统一监管的棉花公证检验制度。近年来，国产HVI技术逼近了国外水平，但仍处于同代技术下的追赶阶段，难以实质提升我国在国际纤维检验体系构建与棉花定价中的话语权。研究团队在不改变现有检验标准的前提下，基于机器人柔性介质灵巧操作方面的技术积累，构建了棉纤维机械样本准备方法（图1）。为了达到人工无损样本准备效果，创新性在纤维拆分中融入了机械震动降低阻力和压力，揭示了基于震动针的无损拆分机理，实验优化最优震动参数；为了满足定质量样本需求，探索了纤维压缩均匀性理论，实现了纤维快速、精准提取，实验证明机械定质量提取精度相较于人工方法提升了33%。基于上述核心技术，研究团队开发出了下一代纤维检验系统样机（图2），在安徽省纤维检验局的标准环境中完成对比实验，充分验证其替代人工的可行性，已完成为期两个月的试运行。中国科学技术大学鲍丙亮博士为论文第一作者。金虎副教授、高纬特任副研究员为论文通讯作者。张世武教授、王二龙特任副研究员为本工作提供了关键技术指导。安徽省纤维检验局王琛、中国纤维质量监测中心于小新在方案设计与检验环境方面给予重要指导与支持。论文的合作者还包括中国科学技术大学欧阳一鸣博士后、褚德扬博士以及安徽省纤维检验局陈文兵等。该项研究得到了国家自然科学基金、安徽省科技攻关重大计划及中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金支持。在完成本工作过程中，中国科学技术大学、中国纤维质量监测中心和安徽省纤维检验局联合研究团队合计获得13项发明专利授权，在下一代纤维检验方向初步形成了国产技术的自主权利壁垒，有助于我国在纤维检验领域的仪器国产化和国际话语权提升。本文中的无损拆分技术于2025年1月以题为A vibrating-needle based non-destructive tearing method for mechanical specimen preparation in length and strength testing of cotton fibers发表在期刊《Industrial Crops and Products》上。
[学术文献 ] Weaving the wild: harnessing the potential of cotton relatives for superior fibre quality 进入全文
GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION
Cotton fibre plays a crucial role in yarn-based industries. With advancements in spinning technologies and the growing need for better quality fibre, attempts are being made for continuous production of superior fibre without compromising the yield. Cultivated cotton germplasms have lost their superior fibre quality traits during the process of domestication. It is imperative to understand the different traits possessed by various wild germplasms for their introgression through conventional and molecular breeding technologies to transfer superior fibre quality traits into the cultivated cotton. This review covers the exploitation of cotton wild relatives for introgression of genes for fibre quality into cultivated germplasm.
[学术文献 ] Resource-Efficient Cotton Network: A Lightweight Deep Learning Framework for Cotton Disease and Pest Classification 进入全文
PLANTS-BASEL
Cotton is the most widely cultivated natural fiber crop worldwide, yet it is highly susceptible to various diseases and pests that significantly compromise both yield and quality. To enable rapid and accurate diagnosis of cotton diseases and pests-thus supporting the development of effective control strategies and facilitating genetic breeding research-we propose a lightweight model, the Resource-efficient Cotton Network (RF-Cott-Net), alongside an open-source image dataset, CCDPHD-11, encompassing 11 disease categories. Built upon the MobileViTv2 backbone, RF-Cott-Net integrates an early exit mechanism and quantization-aware training (QAT) to enhance deployment efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. Experimental results on CCDPHD-11 demonstrate that RF-Cott-Net achieves an accuracy of 98.4%, an F1-score of 98.4%, a precision of 98.5%, and a recall of 98.3%. With only 4.9 M parameters, 310 M FLOPs, an inference time of 3.8 ms, and a storage footprint of just 4.8 MB, RF-Cott-Net delivers outstanding accuracy and real-time performance, making it highly suitable for deployment on agricultural edge devices and providing robust support for in-field automated detection of cotton diseases and pests.
[学术文献 ] GhHDZ50 regulates cotton fiber elongation in Gossypium hirsutum L. through control of fatty acid biosynthesis 进入全文
PLANT SCIENCE
Cotton fibers are highly elongated single-celled trichomes that develop on the ovule of the seed. However, there are still many unknowns about the molecular mechanism of cotton fiber development. In this study, a homologous domain leucine-zipper (HD-Zip) IV gene GhHDZ50 was reported to play an important role in cotton fiber elongation. GhHDZ50 was predominantly expressed in fibers at 5 days post-anthesis (DPA), and its gene product was localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of GhHDZ50 in Arabidopsis resulted in longer leaf trichomes and root hairs, while knocking out of GhHDZ50 in cotton, resulted in shorter cotton fibers. Knockout of GhHDZ50 in cotton led to reduce transcript levels of genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction, sucrose synthase and tubulin. Biochemical analysis showed that GhHDZ50 interacted directly with GhTCP3, which further inhibited the transcriptional activity of GhHDZ50 on downstream fatty acid synthesis-related genes GhLAC6 and GhLOX5. In conclusion, GhHDZ50 positively regulates cotton fiber elongation through fatty acid biosynthesis. The results provide new evidence for involvement of HD-Zip transcription factors in regulation of cotton fiber development and suggest new targets for cotton breeding.
[学术文献 ] Optimal drip irrigation leaching amount and timing enhanced cotton fiber yield, quality and nitrogen uptake by regulating soil salinity and nitrate nitrogen in saline-alkaline fields 进入全文
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
Improving cotton fiber quality can increase the economic income of cotton farmers, but achieving high fiber quality without decreasing cotton fiber yield remains a major challenge in saline-alkaline cotton fields. A field experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 on saline-alkaline soil with cotton under drip irrigation to examine how amount and timing of leaching affected soils salinity, cotton fiber yield and quality. There were five leaching amounts (CK: 0 mm, W1: 75 mm, W2: 150 mm, W3: 225 mm and W4: 300 mm) and three leaching timings (T1: once at the seedling stage, T2: twice at the seedling and budding stages, and T3: thrice at the seedling, budding and pollen-setting stages). Soil salinity, soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), cotton nitrogen (N) uptake, irrigation water and fiber quality index (FQI) were investigated. The results indicated that soil salinity and NO3-N reduced with increasing leaching amount. The N uptake of cotton bolls was greater than in cotton leaves, stems and roots, and total N accumulation increased with increasing leaching amount. The optimal cotton fiber yield and IWP occurred in treatment W3T2, and were 3,199 and 2,771 kg ha-1, and 0.5482 and 0.4912 kg m-3 in 2020 and while there was a negative relationship between fiber micronaire and leaching amount. Soil salinity, NO3-N and fiber micronaire were negatively correlated with fiber quality (i.e., length, strength, elongation and uniformity) and yield, nitrogen uptake of various organs (i.e., root, stems and leaves) and whole plant nitrogen uptake. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that fiber elongation was most sensitive to soil salinity. The method of Entropy-Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (EM-TOPSIS) indicated that leaching of 300 mm of water applied equally at the seedling and budding periods was the optimal treatment to maintain soil salinity and nutrient levels and achieve high cotton fiber yield and quality. In conclusion, the optimal level of leaching treatment decreased soil salinity and improved nitrogen uptake and was beneficial to achieve high fiber yield and quality. Our results will be significant for guiding drip irrigation practice of leaching on saline-alkaline soils for sustainable cotton fiber production.
[学术文献 ] Exploring the Dual Effects of Jasmonic Acid on Cotton Plants and Management of Aphis gossypii Infestations 进入全文
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Cotton serves as the primary source of renewable fiber worldwide, primarily utilized in textile manufacturing. However, the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, represents a significant risk to cotton cultivation. This study investigated the jasmonic acid (JA) effects at 0.25 mg/L on promoting cotton plant growth, enhancing productivity, and mitigating aphid populations. The findings indicated that JA treatment positively impacted important growth parameters i.e. plant height, leaf area, fruiting branches number/plant, plant dry weight and chlorophyll pigments (Chl a, b, total) content, antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT and POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) as well as leaf total phenols content. Moreover, JA led to increased seed cotton yield, average boll weight, lint%, and improved fiber quality i.e. fiber length, strength, micronaire value. Both JA (0.25 mg/L) and acetamiprid (at 0.25 g/L) significantly lowered aphid populations. Ten days after application, acetamiprid resulted in the most significant reductions in aphid populations, with a 99.73% decrease in 2021 and a 99.34% decrease in 2022. Jasmonic acid also contributed to reductions of 81.28 and 76.56% in aphid populations ten days after treatment in the 2021 and 2022 seasons. Therefore, JA can be effectively used at a concentration of 0.25 mg to promote cotton growth and yield while reducing aphid population density in an eco-friendly manner.
