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[科技图书 ] Plant Systems Biology：Methods in Molecular Biology 进入全文
SpringerLink 网站
As a fairly new and expansive area of study, plant systems biology has been approached by scientists from fields as varied as plant physiology and astrophysics, creating a wide variety of techniques and methods to further this vital research. In Plant Systems Biology, expert investigators provide cutting-edge chapters dealing with diverse subjects such as systems biology of plant gene expression to analysis of networks, pathways, specific statistical issues and novel computational tools, imaging-based tools as well as chemical genetic, metabolomic and integrative methods that cannot be easily pigeonholed. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, this work provides the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results.
[学术文献 ] Applications of Pythium- and Phytophthora-produced volatiles in plant disease control 进入全文
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 期刊
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mediate biological interactions and are produced by Pythium and Phytophthora species. These VOCs are biotechnologically relevant because the genera include important plant pathogens, whereby VOCs can aid in disease detection, and biological control agents, whereby VOCs contribute to disease control. Studies on VOC production, identification, and characterization of individual VOCs produced by Pythium and Phytophthora species are reviewed. VOCs detected in plants infected with Phytophthora species are also reviewed as potentially oomycete-derived VOCs. The Pythium- and Phytophthora-produced VOCs are compared with other microorganisms, and the main effects of these VOCs on microbial inhibition and plant-mediated effects are reviewed. These effects are summarized from direct demonstration studies and inferences based on the known functions of the identified Pythium- and Phytophthora-produced VOCs. There are two main applications of VOCs to plant disease control: the use of VOCs to detect pathogenic Pythium and Phytophthora species, e.g., e-nose detecting systems, and the use of VOC-producing biological control agents, e.g., Pythium oligandrum. Future research could understand how the VOCs are produced to engineer VOC levels in strains, analyze more oomycete species and strains, accurately quantify the VOCs produced, and exploit recent developments in analytical chemistry technology.
[学术文献 ] Bioengineering plant volatile emissions: prospects for plant protection against insect herbivores 进入全文
Entomologia Generalis 期刊
Genetically engineered crop plants for enhanced emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) offer great potential in reducing the herbivore load on crops by repelling insect herbivores directly or attracting their natural enemies. Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also essential for pollination, insect reproduction, allelopathy, and serve as antimicrobial agents. Existing research in this field revolves around the routine chemical ecological experiments like identifying VOCs, HIPVs, and synthetic blends. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the role of enhanced volatile emissions and volatile biosynthetic pathways involved in chemical communication can lead to the development of behavior-based novel pest management strategies and lay the foundation for future research in these approaches. Recent discoveries in identifying and isolating the enzymes and genes associated with the biosynthetic pathways of volatiles have opened new avenues for the genetic engineering of crops. Genetically engineered plants could be developed to release volatiles only with an herbivore attack to conserve plant resources by mimicking a natural defensive strategy for direct repellence and/or recruitment of natural enemies. Crops engineered for sustainable volatile production can also serve as companion plants in the push and pull strategies and modify insect behavior to reduce the pest damage. A crop bioengineered for enhanced repellence of oviposition and increased release of insect pheromone-resembling compounds could benefit pest management programs. Further advanced research under field conditions is required to assess the physiological and ecological consequences, especially to the crop and the environment.
[学术文献 ] Effect of Volatile Compounds Emitted by an Endophytic Yeast Isolated from the Endemic Plant Echinopsis chiloensis against Botrytis cinerea 进入全文
Horticulturae 期刊
Our research group isolated an endophyte yeast from the endemic plant Echinopsis chiloensis. This yeast, identified as Naganishia sp, produces volatile organic compounds (VOC) with antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Due to the need for alternative control methods for this pathogen, the effect of VOC on B. cinerea was analyzed. On the fourth day of cultivation, in the presence of VOCs, the mycelial growth of B. cinerea stopped. VOCs inhibited 32.8% of the conidia germination and reduced sporulation by 70.6%. These compounds promoted the formation of infection cushions. VOCs caused damage to the cell wall and plasma membrane in B. cinerea. On the other hand, the volatile compounds induced oxidative stress, and led to membrane lipid peroxidation after 16 and 24 h of incubation in the presence of VOCs, because an increased level of malondialdehyde content was observed. These compounds exerted a fungistatic effect on B. cinerea. The volatile compounds emitted by Naganishia sp were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry as 3-methylbutyl acetate, ethylbenzene, 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, 2-phenylethanol, 2-heptanone and (5E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-one. The most abundant volatile compound, 2-phenylethanol, inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea with an IC50 value of 0.21 µL mL−1. The effect of this pure compound was also fungistatic. Finally, it was shown that volatile compounds decreased the severity of B. cinerea infection in tomatoes and grapes by 64.7 and 43,1%, respectively. This is the first report identifying volatile compounds emitted by a Naganishia sp. and describing their mode of action against B. cinerea.
[学术文献 ] Plants recruit insecticidal bacteria to defend against herbivore attacks 进入全文
Microbiological Research 期刊
Pest feeding affects the rhizobacteria community. The rhizomicrobiota activates salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways to help plants deal with pest infestation. However, whether plants can recruit special pesticidal microorganisms to deal with attack from herbivores is unclear. A system composed of peanuts and first-instar larvae of Holotrichia parallela were used to analyze whether peanuts truly enrich the insecticidal bacteria after feeding by larvae, and whether inoculation of the enriched bacteria promotes the resistance of plants to herbivore. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene amplicons was used to demonstrate that infestation of the subterranean pest H. parallela quickly changed the rhizosphere bacterial community structure within 24 h, and the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, especially Enterobacter, was manifestly enriched. Root feeding induced rhizobacteria to form a more complex co-occurrence network than the control. Rhizosphere bacteria were isolated, and 4 isolates with high toxicity against H. parallela larvae were obtained by random forest analysis. In a back-inoculation experiment using a split-root system, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Enterobacter sp. IPPBiotE33 was observed to be enriched in uneaten peanut roots. Additionally, supplementation with IPPBiotE33 alleviated the adverse effects of H. parallela on peanuts. Our findings indicated that herbivore infestation could induce plants to assemble bacteria with specific larvicidal activity to address threats.
[学术文献 ] In situ electrochemical monitoring of signalingtransduction in plants. Implications on phylogeneticaspects of defense response 进入全文
Electroanalysis 期刊
In situ recording of the voltammetric response of leaves of several Asparagales, Caryophyllales, and Saxifragales plants at platinum and graphite microelectrodes is described. These provide information on the temporal evolution of H2O2 production and electroactive defense compounds (salicylic and jasmonic acids) associated with the stress generated by electrode insertion. Comparison of voltammetric data in the absence and presence of ROS generation revealed significant differences in the kinetics of the plant response. Reported data suggest that signaling pathway changes could be associated with the phylogenetic divergence between monocots and eudicots and the subsequent separation of the Caryophyllales from other eudicots.
