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[学术文献 ] Multifaceted effects of volatile organic compounds released by Fusarium oxysporum on Trichoderma biocontrol agents 进入全文
Biological Control 期刊
We investigated how volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Fusarium oxysporum, a soilborne fungal species complex that infects diverse plants, affect the growth of four Trichoderma spp. and their secretion of antifungal molecules and gene expression to evaluate the involvement of VOC-mediated recognition of pathogens in biocontrol. Five VOCs commonly produced by all F. oxysporum strains analyzed, including 4-ethylanisole, 1-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl acetate, and 2-phenylethanol, were tested. All compounds inhibited Trichoderma growth in a concentration-dependent manner, with 4-ethylanisole being the most effective. Although the degree of growth inhibition by each compound was similar among the four species, their secretion of antifungal molecules varied widely, with the degree of induction in T. virens and T. viride being higher than that in T. harzianum and T. asperellum in most treatments. Transcriptome analyses via RNA-seq after exposure to 4-ethylasniole, 3-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl acetate, and VOCs released by three F. oxysporum strains were performed. Analysis of gene ontology (GO) terms enriched among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that diverse processes, such as synthesizing/metabolizing various types of organic compounds, ion/carbohydrate transport, proteolysis, response to stimulus, signal transduction, chromosome organization, RNA processing, and DNA metabolism, were significantly affected. Some genes likely involved in biocontrol, such as those that perform fungal cell wall degradation, protein hydrolysis, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, were also differentially regulated. However, the DEGs in the four species did not overlap significantly, suggesting that individual species respond distinctly to each VOC treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that Trichoderma BCAs recognize other fungi through multiple specific volatile cues and prepare for subsequent encounters. We discuss future studies needed to test this hypothesis and to uncover the mechanism underlying the VOC-mediated recognition of pathogens and the resulting modulation of diverse cellular responses.
[学术文献 ] Recent history and future trends in host-plant resistance 进入全文
Annals of the Entomological Society of America 期刊
Host-plant resistance (HPR) is a subdiscipline in entomology that aims to understand, develop, and deploy crop varieties resistant to arthropod herbivores. The seminal figure in HPR was Reginald Painter, whose 1951 monograph Insect Resistance in Crop Plants established a conceptual framework and methodological approach for applied research on plant resistance. In the 75 years since the publication of this book, the empirical and multidisciplinary approach established by Painter has led to the development and use of hundreds of arthropod-resistant crop varieties. Much of the success of HPR research has been, and will continue to be, tied to advances in scientific disciplines related to HPR, such as plant breeding and genetics, analytical chemistry, and plant-insect interactions. However, given the challenges facing agriculture and pest management over the coming decades, increased attention will need to be given to the deployment of resistant varieties and the integration of resistant varieties into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Recent advances in our understanding of fundamental aspects of the interactions between plants and herbivores provide insights that can facilitate the increased use of plant resistance in IPM programs, and the diverse membership of the Entomological Society of America can play a critical role by increasing communication between scientists interested in applied and fundamental aspects of plant resistance to insects.
[相关专利 ] Fusarium tricinctum and application 进入全文
荷兰专利
本发明公开了一种三线镰刀菌及其应用。该三线镰刀菌的保藏编号为CGMCC No.40248。从青海省的不同地区采集发病杂草病样进行分离纯化得到一株生防除草菌株，对其进行杂草致病性测定、作物安全性测定、菌株分类鉴定，最适碳氮源筛选。结果获得一株具抑草活性的菌株—三线镰刀菌Fusarium tricinctum，该菌株为杂草病原真菌资源的利用与微生物除草剂的研究提供基础与依据。
[学术文献 ] Mechanisms of allelopathic interactions for sustainable weed management 进入全文
Rhizosphere 期刊
Plant allelopathy is a response to external stimuli by releasing secondary metabolites. It can be an effective sustainable strategy for weed control. Roots are the main point of release of allelochemicals. This phenomenon has the potential to facilitate environmentally cleaner weed control and avoid the concerns associated with the misuse of agro-chemicals for pest and weed management. The review comprehensively elaborates the mechanisms involving the release of allelochemicals by plants and the factors affecting its transport from a donor plant to a receiver. Although allelochemicals are produced by the entire plant, root exudation is the primary source of release of these chemicals into the soil environment. The study attempts to lucidly explain the physiology behind phytotoxic effects imparted by allelochemicals on target plants. We have discussed the various direct and indirect effect of allelochemicals on plant physiology and morphology. The review sheds light on the phytotoxic variation caused due to variable residue decomposition rates under changing climatic conditions. The various crop-weed, weed-crop and weed-weed allelopathic interactions and their possible response mechanisms have been briefly elaborated with reference to earlier works. We have shown the potential of integrating allelopathy and agronomic management practices for sustainable and environmentally safe weed management. The mechanistic insight of interferences caused by environmental factors on the bioavailability of allelochemicals is essential to develop an environmentally sound method of curbing the weed menace in agro-ecosystems. The studies on transport processes involving the release of allelochemicals from plants need more attention so as to exploit this knowledge in regulating the output of these compounds at a cellular level.
[相关专利 ] Fusarium and fusarium mycotoxin biocontrol 进入全文
加拿大专利
The present invention relates to a novel ascomyceteous fungus, Sphaerodes mycoparasitia strain IDAC 301008-01, for controlling Fusarium plant pathogens, disease symptoms, and mycotoxins in planta and ex planta. Uses, methods, compositions, sequences, and products are also disclosed herein.
[学术文献 ] Volatile terpenoids: multiple functions, biosynthesis, modulation and manipulation by genetic engineering 进入全文
Planta 期刊
Terpenoids play several physiological and ecological functions in plant life through direct and indirect plant defenses and also in human society because of their enormous applications in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. Through the aid of genetic engineering its role can by magnified to broad spectrum by improving genetic ability of crop plants, enhancing the aroma quality of fruits and flowers and the production of pharmaceutical terpenoids contents in medicinal plants.
