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[前沿资讯 ] Tea & Climate Change: The Looming Threat of Greenfly Infestation 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
一种迅速蔓延的绿蝇（Empoasca flavescens，也被称为茶小绿叶蝉）已经成为印度茶叶种植园的可怕威胁，特别是在盛产茶叶的阿萨姆邦和西孟加拉邦，它导致作物健康状况灾难性下降，产量大幅下降。行业专家发出警告，这些害虫现在全年都很活跃，导致某些地区的产量下降了11%-55%。在茶园的第二季（5月至7月），损失尤为严重，这一季占茶园年收入的30%以上。专家将日益严重的绿蝇袭击归咎于气候危机。传统上，绿蝇是一种旱季害虫，受第一次洪水主要影响，但由于气候变化，其种群现在全年持续存在。绿蝇造成的破坏不会以直接破坏植株而结束，衰弱的茶树极易受到真菌枯萎病等次生感染，导致广泛的叶片坏死，进一步降低茶树生产力。绿蝇和枯萎病的双重攻击使茶产业处于危险的境地。专家们现在建议，现在是时候寻找替代解决方案了——更新、更有效的杀虫剂、综合虫害管理实践，以及侧重于打破害虫抗药性的研究战略。
[学术文献 ] Plant volatile organic compounds: Emission and perception in a changing world 进入全文
Current Opinion in Plant Biology 期刊
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by all kingdoms of life and play crucial roles in mediating the communication between organisms and their environment through emission and perception. Plants, in particular, produce and emit an exceptional variety of VOCs that together serve as a complex chemical language facilitating intra-plant, inter-plant, plant–animal, and plant–microbe interactions. VOC signals are perceived and decrypted by receiver plants; however, the emission, composition, distribution and effective range, as well as uptake of these infochemicals depend on temperature and atmospheric chemistry in addition to their physicochemical properties. Since both emission and perception are directly affected by ongoing climate change, research into these processes is urgently needed to develop mitigation strategies against this threat to plant communication networks. In this brief review, we highlight the recent advances about plant VOC emission and perception, emphasizing the effect of the current climate crisis on these processes. Despite some progress in understanding VOC emission and perception, significant gaps remain in elucidating their molecular mechanisms in plants.
[学术文献 ] Plant Volatile Organic Compounds: Revealing the Hidden Interactions 进入全文
Plant-Basel 期刊
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), classified as secondary or specialized metabolites, are essential for plant health. Plant volatiles are intricate, multi-faceted signals frequently utilized by pollinators alongside other cues, such as color. Although the entire plant, from roots to seeds to stems to leaves and fruits, produces VOCs, the flowers release the most significant quantity and number of these compounds. Scent is a powerful tool for floral visitors. They can use it to gauge the quantity of reward in flowers, identify which flowers to visit, or send signals chemically similar to those pollinating insects employed in other environments. Plants emit VOCs subterraneously to sense their surrounding community, strategize for or evade competition with adjoining flora, and serve as alert signals to proximate plants under specific circumstances. Furthermore, climate change (e.g., increased temperatures, drought stress, raised CO2, and O3) has significantly affected plant quality and the interactions between plants and their environment, both subterranean and aerial. There is still much mystery surrounding the functions of these compounds in plant interactions, biotic stress, and abiotic stress. Several reviews and research articles in this Special Issue focused on the function of plant volatiles in different plant and human lifecycles.
[学术文献 ] An insect pheromone primes tolerance of herbivory in goldenrod plants 进入全文
Ecology 期刊
Environmental cues that predict increased risk of herbivory can prime plant defenses; however, few studies have explored how such cues elicit broader plant responses, including potential effects on plant growth and other resource allocations that may affect tolerance to herbivore damage. We exposed goldenrod plants (Solidago altissima) to varying concentrations of the putative sex pheromone of a gall-inducing herbivore, which has previously been implicated in defense priming. In experiments with two plant genotypes and three herbivore populations, any level of exposure to the pheromone enhanced tolerance of galling, rescuing flower production to levels observed for ungalled plants. Exposure to low doses of the pheromone elicited greater resistance to galling than exposure to high doses, with unexposed plants exhibiting intermediate resistance, suggesting a nonlinear relationship between exposure and defense priming. These findings suggest plant responses to environmental cues associated with biotic stressors are broader and more complex than previously appreciated.
[学术文献 ] Cracking the plant VOC sensing code and its practical applications 进入全文
Trends in Plant Science 期刊
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential airborne mediators of interactions between plants. These plant–plant interactions require sophisticated VOC-sensing mechanisms that enable plants to regulate their defenses against pests. However, these interactions are not limited to specific plants or even conspecifics, and can function in very flexible interactions between plants. Sensing and responding to VOCs in plants is finely controlled by their uptake and transport systems as well as by cellular signaling via, for example, chromatin remodeling system-based transcriptional regulation for defense gene activation. Based on the accumulated knowledge about the interactions between plants and their major VOCs, companion plants and biostimulants are being developed for practical applications in agricultural and horticultural pest control, providing a sustainable alternative to harmful chemicals.
[科技图书 ] Stress Physiology of Tea in the Face of Climate Change 进入全文
SpringerLink 网站
This book focuses on the existing knowledge regarding the effect of global climate change on tea plant physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism as well as economic and societal aspects of the tea industry. Specifically, this book synthesizes recent advances in the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the responses of tea plants to various abiotic and biotic stressors including high temperature, low temperature or freezing, drought, low light, UV radiation, elevated CO2, ozone, nutrient deficiency, insect herbivory, and pathogenic agents. This book also discusses challenges and potential management strategies for sustaining tea yield and quality in the face of climate change.
