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[前沿资讯 ] Brewing Change: The Vital Role of Small Tea Growers in the Specialty Tea Industry 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
The global tea market is a large and diverse sector strongly embedded in the culture of many countries around the world. Small tea growers are a very important part of the tea industry. One of the most popular beverages worldwide and only second to water, tea is shared among many cultures and preferences. Robust black teas dominate the general trends in Europe and North America, while delicate green teas and oolongs are preferred in East Asia. The market interest has been growing in recent years due to increased awareness of the healthy properties of tea and the rising interest in diverse and better-quality tea products. Among them, there is a significant trend towards specialty teas. The benefits are the quality and unique flavors and, more often, the story of the small grower and the origin. Unlike mass-produced teas from large producers, specialty teas aim to focus on the authenticity and trackability of the leaf used, which include single-origin plants or those cared for with sustainable and organic farming.
[学术文献 ] Wearable Volatile Organic Compound Sensors for Plant Health Monitoring 进入全文
Advanced Sustainable Systems 期刊
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are utilized as essential biomarkers for plant health and the surrounding environmental conditions in light of global imperatives surrounding food security and sustainable agriculture. However, conventional VOC detection methods have inherent limitations related to operational costs, portability, in situ monitoring, and accessibility. Wearable electronic systems have garnered significant attention as an alternative method because of their capability to detect, identify, and quantify VOCs quickly and cost-effectively. This article presents a comprehensive perspective of recently developed wearable VOC monitoring sensors. It highlights various detection methods for VOCs related to plant metabolism, hormones, and environmental conditions and then multi-VOC sensing based on data-driven analysis. Emerging wearable sensor devices are comprehensively examined from the perspectives of material, structural, sensing mechanisms, and plant monitoring demonstration. The principal issues inherent in recently developed VOC monitoring techniques are discussed, and potential avenues for future research and development are identified.
[学术文献 ] Tritrophic Interactions Mediated by Zoophytophagous Predator Induced Host Plant Volatiles 进入全文
Journal of Chemical Ecology 期刊
The zoophytophagous mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis and the ectoparasitoid Stenomesius japonicus are important biological control agents for several agricultural pests including the invasive leafminer, Phthorimaea absoluta, a destructive pest of Solanaceous crops especially tomato in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about how feeding by N. tenuis can influence the tritrophic interactions in the tomato plant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that N. tenuis phytophagy would influence the tritrophic olfactory interactions between the host plant tomato and pest, predator, and parasitoid. In olfactometer assays, P. absoluta females and N. tenuis adults were both attracted to constitutive volatiles released by the tomato plant. Whereas females of P. absoluta avoided volatiles released by N. tenuis-infested plants, S. japonicus females and N. tenuis adults were attracted to the induced volatiles. In coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) recordings of intact and N. tenuis-infested plant volatiles, antennae of P. absoluta and S. japonicus females both detected eight components, whereas N. tenuis adults detected seven components which were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as terpenes and green leaf volatiles (GLVs). Dose-response olfactometer bioassays revealed that the responses of P. absoluta, N. tenuis, and S. japonicus varied with the composition and concentration of blends and individual compounds tested from N tenuis-induced volatiles. Females of P. absoluta showed no preference for an eight-component blend formulated from the individual repellents including hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, and δ-elemene identified in the volatiles. On the other hand, S. japonicus females were attracted to an eight-component blend including the attractants (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, methyl salicylate, β-phellandrene, and (E)-caryophyllene. Likewise, N. tenuis adults were attracted to a seven-component blend including the attractants β-phellandrene, δ-elemene, and (E)-caryophyllene identified in the volatiles. Our findings suggest that there is potential for the use of terpenes and GLVs to manage the insects in the tritrophic interaction.
[学术文献 ] Impact of Volatile Mediated Indirect Defense Response of Plant and Herbivore Refuge in Tritrophic Cascade 进入全文
Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems 期刊
Plants emit volatile secondary metabolites in response to the attacks from herbivorous insects and send signals to carnivorous enemies as reinforcement against the herbivores. Presence of higher carnivores, attracted by the released volatile blends, increases predation pressure on the herbivores. To reduce predation pressure, the herbivore adopts a refuge mechanism. Two natural phenomena are combined by proposing a volatile mediated model-based tritrophic system among the plants, herbivorous insects, and the natural carnivorous enemy, emphasizing the role of plant volatiles and herbivore refuge. In particular, we have highlighted the role of volatile mediated plant’s indirect defense mechanism on its fitness improvement under different ecological consequences, for example, considering different functional responses for herbivores (Holling type II) and carnivorous enemies (Holling type III) associating hiding behavior of herbivores (herbivore refuge) in a tritrophic interaction model. Numerical simulations and analytical treatments are conducted to validate our proposed hypothesis on the tritrophic interaction. Using Isocline method, we show the existence of the interior equilibriums. We illustrate sensitivity analysis of system parameters through Global Sensitivity Analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling and Partial Ranked Correlation Coefficient. The high-dimensional Bendixson criterion is applied to show global stability of positive equilibrium. We observed two types of alternative states, transcritical bifurcation of limit cycle, and saddle-node bifurcation. High emission of volatiles promotes more stabilized dynamical behaviors, when all three species coexist, thus sustaining the ecological balance in the tritrophic interaction.
[学术文献 ] Recent advances in plant insect monitoring using volatile profiling strategy 进入全文
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 期刊
Insect attacks in crops or forests are now a global concern, they have reduced agricultural production and caused forest degradation for a long time, leading to great economic and ecological damage. However, conventional visual and molecular technology-based approaches can hardly apply to the early or large-scale detection of insect infestation in plants, especially those plants with internal damage. Plants always make metabonomic responses to insect damage, and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) generally change significantly among the plant metabolites. In addition, the insect can also release volatiles, especially during certain biological activities. For instance, male and female adults secrete pheromones to attract the opposite sex before mating. The volatile profiling strategy has been extensively used in plant insect monitoring, this paper reviews their applications in the plant-produced HIPVs and insect-produced pheromones. In addition, different chemometrics methods applied to plant damage discrimination are summarized.
[会议论文 ] Phenotyping volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants 进入全文
Proceedings OF 2023 IEEE MetroAgriFor
气候变化、人口增长和资源短缺正在给农业带来越来越大的压力。从这个角度来看，已经在用高通量、省时和高效的表型技术取代传统的植物表型分析方法方面取得了进展，这些方法具有破坏性、耗时、低效和高成本，能够评估复杂的植物性状，评估植物对应力的反应，并筛选出理想的新基因型。挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）作为高通量植物表型的有前途的标志物，目前正在深入研究。概述了当前最先进的技术，以在叶片、整株植物和植物群落（生态系统）水平上表现VOC排放。
