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[学术文献 ] Pentyl leaf volatiles promote insect and pathogen resistance via enhancing ketol-mediated defense responses 进入全文
Plant Physiology 期刊
Plants emit an array of volatile organic compounds in response to stresses. Six-carbon green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and five-carbon pentyl leaf volatiles (PLVs) are fatty acid-derived compounds involved in intra- and inter-species communications. Unlike extensively studied GLVs, the biological activities of PLVs remain understudied. Maize (Zea mays L.) contains a unique monocot-specific lipoxygenase, ZmLOX6, that is unable to oxidize fatty acids and instead possesses a hydroperoxide lyase-like activity to specifically produce PLVs. Here, we show that disruption of ZmLOX6 reduced resistance to fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) and fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola and Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Metabolite profiling revealed that reduced resistance to insects and pathogens was associated with decreased production of PLVs and ketols, including the better studied α-ketol, 9,10-KODA (9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid). Exogenous PLV and 9,10-KODA treatments rescued the resistance of lox6 mutants to FAW and the pathogens. Surprisingly, the susceptible-to-herbivory lox6 mutants produced greater levels of wound-induced jasmonates, suggesting potential substrate competition between JA and PLV pathway branches and highlighting a strong role of PLVs in defense against insects. Similarly, likely due to substrate competition between GLV and PLV synthesis pathways, in response to C. graminicola infection, lox6 mutants accumulated elevated levels of GLVs, which promote susceptibility to this pathogen. Mutation of the GLV-producing ZmLOX10 in the lox6 mutant background reversed the susceptibility to C. graminicola, unveiling the contrasting roles of PLVs and GLVs in resistance to this pathogen. Overall, this study uncovered a potent signaling role of PLVs in defense against insect herbivory and fungal pathogens with distinct lifestyles.
[学术文献 ] Is plant acoustic communication fact or fiction? 进入全文
New Phytologist 网站
In recent years, the idea has flourished that plants emit and perceive sound and could even be capable of exchanging information through the acoustic channel. While research into plant bioacoustics is still in its infancy, with potentially fascinating discoveries awaiting ahead, here we show that the current knowledge is not conclusive. While plants do emit sounds under biotic and abiotic stresses such as drought, these sounds are high-pitched, of low intensity, and propagate only to a short distance. Most studies suggesting plant sensitivity to airborne sound actually concern the perception of substrate vibrations from the soil or plant part. In short, while low-frequency, high-intensity sounds emitted by a loudspeaker close to the plant seem to have tangible effects on various plant processes such as growth – a finding with possible applications in agriculture – it is unlikely that plants can perceive the sounds they produce, at least over long distances. So far, there is no evidence of plants communicating with each other via the acoustic channel.
[科技图书 ] Electronic Monitoring of Feeding Behavior of Phytophagous True Bugs (Heteroptera) 进入全文
SpringerLink 网站
本书首次汇编了有关植食性蝽类昆虫摄食行为电子监测的所有最新信息。包括各种植物结构上喂食部位的最新插图，并研究了不同的喂食策略与使用电子显微（EPG）技术生成的可变波形的关系。此外，本书还描述了口器和喂养方式，并讨论了喂养活动造成的物理和化学损伤。它详细涵盖了迄今为止发表的所有使用蝽类昆虫开发和进行的EPG研究，探索了使用电子监测喂养结合组织学分析来改进控制蝽类昆虫的策略，从传统的化学方法到基因沉默（RNAi）。
[学术文献 ] Agricultural biocontrol potential of bacterial volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) for enhanced crop protection 进入全文
Crop Protection 期刊
This review explores the diverse applications of bacterial volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) in agriculture, detailing the progression from understanding their composition to their practical implementation in the field. Emphasizing their environmentally friendly nature, bVOCs have shown efficacy in controlling pathogenic fungi and insects, inducing plant stress resistance, and promoting growth. Furthermore, leveraging VOC-'omics approaches can help unravel the complexities of bacterial volatile metabolites and their pathways, providing unique insights into their biocontrol mechanisms. This knowledge paves the way for developing innovative biological solutions to enhance sustainability in agriculture. Additionally, the review analyzes recent patent trends, showcasing notable inventions in bVOCs technologies and formulations, over the past decade. However, despite these advancements, challenges such as high processing costs and lengthy screening procedures remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Overcoming these obstacles and ensuring plant quality through continued research are crucial for accelerating the integration of VOCs into mainstream agricultural practices.
[专业会议 ] Winners Announced for 2025 Global Tea Championship 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
The 2025 Global Tea Championship awards took place at the World Tea Expo, held at the Las Vegas Convention Center March 24–26, 2025. The 2025Global Tea Championship (GTC) winners were officially announced at the World Tea Expo Awards Ceremony on March 25 in Las Vegas. This prestigious competition, which recognizes the highest quality teas from around the globe, celebrated the best in tea production across multiple categories, including matcha and leaf teas. The event showcased a remarkable array of teas, honoring excellence in leaf appearance, cup character, innovation, and overall quality.
[学术文献 ] Silicon’s defensive role against biotic and abiotic stress: a review 进入全文
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 期刊
Silicon enhances developmental processes and controls the enzymatic and functional properties of plants. It is considered a quasi-element in the earth’s crust, absorbed and translocated to aerial parts through transpiration. Silicon reduces various plant stress conditions, with plants displaying both direct and indirect defensive mechanisms. Indirect defense involves the release of volatiles that attract the pathogen’s natural enemies, while morphological, biochemical, and molecular impediments constitute direct defense. Both mechanisms are strengthened by silicon treatment. Silicon enhances the polymerization of silicic acid in intercellular spaces and beneath cuticles as phytoliths, establishing a defense against pathogens. Silicon activates multiple pathways, encouraging the accumulation of supplementary metabolites, thereby enhancing plant defenses against abiotic and biotic challenges. It also contributes significantly to defensive mechanisms mediated by phytohormones. Studies show that silicon positively affects plants during severe stress by modifying several metabolites. Phytohormones are essential to crop plants’ biochemical and physiological functions under unfavorable environmental circumstances. Frontline phytohormones, such as auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid regulate abiotic stress tolerance pathways intrinsically linked with silicon. This review highlights silicon’s functionality in various biotic and abiotic stresses.
