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[前沿资讯 ] 288% Jump in Kenyan Tea Imports to India Raises Alarm Bells 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
令人惊讶的是，印度作为仅次于中国的世界第二大茶叶生产国，已成为肯尼亚茶叶的最大进口国，这突显了全球茶叶贸易格局的重大转变。根据肯尼亚茶叶委员会的数据，对印度的出口从2023年1月至10月的353万公斤激增至2024年同期的1371万公斤。288%的增长使印度成为该国最大的茶叶进口国。这一发展引发了人们的担忧，即廉价和低质量的非洲茶被用于混合，甚至以印度茶的品牌再出口。2024年，印度的茶叶出口也大幅增加，从2023年1月至10月的1.8446亿公斤增加到2024年同期的2.0914亿公斤。根据印度茶叶委员会2024年茶叶出口报告，这代表了超过13%的增长。阿萨姆邦和西孟加拉邦占印度茶叶出口的大部分，巩固了其作为该国茶叶产区的主要地位。
[学术文献 ] Chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks 进入全文
Frontiers in Plant Science 期刊
Plants can acquire an improved resistance against pathogen attacks by exogenous application of natural or artificial compounds. In a process called chemical priming, application of these compounds causes earlier, faster and/or stronger responses to pathogen attacks. The primed defense may persist over a stress-free time (lag phase) and may be expressed also in plant organs that have not been directly treated with the compound. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways involved in chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks. Chemical priming in induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is highlighted. The roles of the transcriptional coactivator NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1), a key regulator of plant immunity, induced resistance (IR) and salicylic acid signaling during chemical priming are underlined. Finally, we consider the potential usage of chemical priming to enhance plant resistance to pathogens in agriculture.
[会议论文 ] Ecological Costs of Alarm Signalling in Aphids 进入全文
Symposium on Aphids
The existence of costs is implicit in the evolution of inducible defences against natural enemies yet attempts to demonstrate such costs have often proved elusive. Ecological costs occur when defence expression results in a change in biotic interactions such that the fitness of the individual expressing the trait is reduced. Aphids have evolved a particular form of inducible anti-predator behaviour that involves the emission of alarm pheromone. This pheromone, whose main component is (E)-β-Farnesene (EBF), is released by individuals attacked by a natural enemy and initiates behavioural responses in other aphid colony members such as escape reactions. We placed colonies of about 250 pea aphids in the field and exposed them daily to artificial EBF or control solvent (hexane). Aphid survival in the experiment was very low mainly due to predation by ants and colonies exposed to artificial EBF showed a reduced survival time (2.35±0.23 days; mean±s.e.) compared to the control treatment (3.51±0.42 days). Our results show that alarm signalling in aphids is associated with the ecological cost of attracting additional natural enemies and demonstrate that a full understanding of the evolution of inducible defences has to consider a species’ complete network of ecological interactions. As EBF, like many other volatile organic compounds mediating organismic interactions, breaks down more quickly at higher ozone levels, global climatic change may result in a change in these interactions.
[前沿资讯 ] Organic Tea Market to Grow to 2.4 Billion 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
According to a new report by Allied Market Research, the global Organic Tea Market was at $905.4 million in 2021, and it is projected to reach $2.4 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 10.5% from 2022 to 2031. Organic tea is a beverage that is free of synthetic substances such as chemical fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, or fungicides. A permanent source of water, enough shelter, free-draining soil with a pH range of 5 to 5.8, strict limits for the number of pesticides put on plantations, and careful site selection are all part of organic tea care and husbandry management. Commercial consumption of organic tea is now rising to close the gap between out-of-home tea and coffee consumption.
[相关专利 ] Plant defense elicitors 进入全文
世界知识产权组织
本发明涉及有关植物中防御反应的诱导子，以建立植物对植物害虫的天然防御系统，其中诱导子是壬酸或其衍生物。提供一种在植物中诱导防御反应以建立植物对植物害虫的天然防御系统的方法，包括将具有杀虫有效量的壬酸组合物或其衍生物施用于植物、植物部分或植物的位点。
[学术文献 ] Synthetic elicitors-induced defense in crops against herbivory: A review 进入全文
Plant Science 期刊
Synthetic elicitors are non-toxic chemicals and safe for the environment when applied to plants in a variety of ways. They have been shown to interact with defense mechanisms of plants and cause the production of a wide range of valuable secondary metabolites, both volatile and non-volatile. Plants primed with chemical elicitors are indirectly induced to increase their resistance to herbivore attacks in addition to imparting tolerance or resistance to nearby plants against biotic stresses. The market is stocked with jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and their derivatives/analogues, which have been shown to either repel or attract herbivores. While phytotoxicity has only been documented in a small number of cases, a significant increase in yield has been reported in a wide range of crops. This review includes a detailed summary of various field and laboratory experiments elucidating the mechanism of action and efficacies of exogenous application and seed priming of synthetic phytohormones on plant growth, development, and yield of different crops.
