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[学术文献 ] TP-Transfiner: high-quality segmentation network for tea pest 进入全文
Frontiers in Plant Science 期刊
This study proposes an end-to-end tea pest detection and segmentation framework, TeaPest-Transfiner (TP-Transfiner), based on Mask Transfiner to address the challenge of detecting and segmenting pests in mimicry and dense scenarios. In order to improve the feature extraction inability and weak accuracy of traditional convolution modules, this study proposes three strategies. Firstly, a deformable attention block is integrated into the model, which consists of deformable convolution and self-attention using the key content only term. Secondly, the FPN architecture in the backbone network is improved with a more effective feature-aligned pyramid network (FaPN). Lastly, focal loss is employed to balance positive and negative samples during the training period, and parameters are adapted to the dataset distribution. Furthermore, to address the lack of tea pest images, a dataset called TeaPestDataset is constructed, which contains 1,752 images and 29 species of tea pests. Experimental results on the TeaPestDataset show that the proposed TP-Transfiner model achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with other models, attaining a detection precision (AP50) of 87.211% and segmentation performance of 87.381%. Notably, the model shows a significant improvement in segmentation average precision (mAP) by 9.4% and a reduction in model size by 30% compared to the state-of-the-art CNN-based model Mask R-CNN. Simultaneously, TP-Transfiner’s lightweight module fusion maintains fast inference speeds and a compact model size, demonstrating practical potential for pest control in tea gardens, especially in dense and mimicry scenarios.
[学术文献 ] Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests 进入全文
Animals 期刊
Many arthropod pests of humans and other animals select their preferred hosts by recognising volatile odour compounds contained in the hosts’ ‘volatilome’. Although there is prolific literature on chemical emissions from humans, published data on volatiles and vector attraction in other species are more sporadic. Despite several decades since the identification of a small number of critical volatiles underpinning specific host–vector relationships, synthetic chemicals or mixtures still largely fail to reproduce the attractiveness of natural hosts to their disease vectors. This review documents allelochemicals from non-human terrestrial animals and considers where challenges in collection and analysis have left shortfalls in animal volatilome research. A total of 1287 volatile organic compounds were identified from 141 species. Despite comparable diversity of entities in each compound class, no specific chemical is ubiquitous in all species reviewed, and over half are reported as unique to a single species. This review provides a rationale for future enquiries by highlighting research gaps, such as disregard for the contribution of breath volatiles to the whole animal volatilome and evaluating the role of allomones as vector deterrents. New opportunities to improve vector surveillance and disrupt disease transmission may be unveiled by understanding the host-associated stimuli that drive vector-host interactions.
[学术文献 ] Plant Volatiles-based Insect Pest Management in Organic Farming 进入全文
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 期刊
Organic agriculture is increasing in popularity worldwide due to the rapidly growing market for organic products. In organic production, insects present a major pest challenge that negatively impacts crop health and yield. To successfully manage an organic farmland, an effective insect pest management program is key. In this review, we first describe the approaches currently used for pest management in organic farming. Next, we review natural plant defense mechanisms, especially those based on plant volatile organic compounds. Chemically complex, plant volatiles have multiple ecological roles in plant-insect interactions including attracting pollinators, acting as cues for foraging herbivores as well as functioning as direct defense, indirect defense, or interplant priming. Based on the ecological roles of plant volatiles, we then discuss in-depth how pest management may be improved through a variety of strategies including using resistant cultivars, polyculture, using beneficial microorganisms such as mycorrhizal fungi and endophytes, and using plant-derived pesticides, all of which are reviewed in the context of plant volatiles. Lastly, integration of these different strategies based on the trait of plant volatiles for a successful and sustainable pest management program in organic farming is discussed.
[专业会议 ] What Makes World Tea Expo Different from Other Trade Shows? 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
What makes World Tea Expo different from other trade shows? We asked Kevin Gascoyne of Camellia Sinensis, veteran speaker and advisor for the business course program, what sets the tea community apart from other industries and what he thought they were looking for at World Tea Expo. Here's what he had to say. The tea community is a strange one. Our connection to tea happens on many levels. Deep down, the chemistry soothes our nervous system while stimulating our minds. An unspoken feeling of well-being makes us feel that everything is OK. It's a feeling that naturally brings us together with people: calming loved ones in a crisis or the relaxing hospitality of a first meeting. There is also the general acceptance that tea is a powerful tonic for general human health, which outweighs the need for a 'snake-oil’ dialogue on the myriad of benefits that this plant brings to the human organism. On top of this solid foundation of connection to the camellia sinensis plant, our senses are stimulated by the vast diversity of flavor possibilities that this simple, standalone leaf has to offer. From the comfort of a simple cuppa to the expansive and complex flavor profiles of a gong fu sit-down session to a spectrum of possibilities in between, drinking this dried plant infused with water can completely seduce our senses.
[学术文献 ] Yield, composition and toxicity of piperaceae volatiles to pest insects 进入全文
Revista Caatinga 期刊
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of leaf drying techniques (bench and oven at 35 and 45 °C) on the essential oil (EO) yield of Piper aduncum L., Piper anonifolium Kunth, Piper crassinervium Kunth and Piper hispidinervum C. DC., and to analyze the chemical profile of EOs and the insecticidal potential of these oils against Ascia monuste orseis (Godart), Atta sexdens L., Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. EO yield was evaluated using four replicates of 100g of dry leaves. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and subjected to GC-MS analysis to assess the chemical composition. Concentrations of 2.60 and 157.25 nL/cm2 were used in the oil toxicity bioassays. EO yield was higher in the species P. aduncum and P. hispidinervum using leaves dried in oven at 45 °C, with average yields of 4.72±0.04% and 2.61±0.26%, respectively. The major constituents present in the EOs of P. hispidinervum and P. aduncum were Safrole (98.80%) and Apiole (90.00%). For P. anonifolium, the major constituents were α-Muurolene (23.11%), y-Muurolene (16.60%) and Cadina-1(10), while for P. crassinervium, they were Viridiflorol (27.70%) and Sabinene (15.50%). It was found that the EOs of P. aduncum, P. anonifolium, P. crassinervium and P. hispidinervum had a toxic effect on insects, except for P. anonifolium and P. crassinervium for S. zeamais. EO yield was higher in the species P. aduncum and P. hispidinervum, and these oils caused a higher mortality rate for the investigated insects.
[统计数据 ] Tea Import Quantity from Five Continents in 2020-2022（FAOSTAT） 进入全文
FAO 网站
根据FAOSTAT，最新统计了2020-2022年度五大洲和世界茶叶进口数量（tonnes），以及三年茶叶进口数量总值，详细数据见表 Tea Import Quantity from Five Continents in 2020-2022（FAOSTAT）。
