共检索到2847条,权限内显示50条;
[学术文献 ] Silicon Induced Defense Mechanisms and Pathways of Host Resistance for Insect Pests of Field and Horticultural Crops 进入全文
Silicon 期刊
The application of Silicon modulates the plant defense mechanism by signaling secondary defense metabolites activating signal transduction pathways further triggering the HIPVs which in turn attracts natural enemies thereby suppressing the pest population. Continuous mono culturing of high yielding varieties with intensive cultural practices lead to depletion of available Si in soils and hence exogenous application of Si sources is necessary. Exploiting plant resistance and strengthening the induced defenses through Si and PGR could represent an effective viable alternative to synthetic insecticides that could form an efficient tactic in integrated pest management including biological control. In this context, we underscore recent advancements in understanding Si-mediated enhancement of plant resistance against pests, emphasizing the significance of these findings for potential incorporation into future strategies for crop protection.
[学术文献 ] Plant-derived monoterpene S-linalool and β-ocimene generated by CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ are key chemical cues for attracting parasitoid wasps for suppressing Ectropis obliqua infestation in Camellia sinensis L 进入全文
Plant, Cell & Environment 期刊
Insect-induced plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may function as either direct defence molecules to deter insects or indirect defence signals to attract the natural enemies of the invading insects. Tea (Camellia sinensis L.), an important leaf-based beverage crop, is mainly infested by Ectropis obliqua which causes the most serious damage. Here, we report a mechanistic investigation of tea plant-derived VOCs in an indirect defence mechanism against E. obliqua. Parasitoid wasp Parapanteles hyposidrae, a natural enemy of E. obliqua, showed strong electrophysiological response and selection behaviour towards S-linalool and β-ocimene, two monoterpenes with elevated emission from E. obliqua-damaged tea plants. Larvae frass of E. obliqua, which also released S-linalool and β-ocimene, was found to attract both mated female or male Pa. hyposidrae according to gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and Y-tube olfactometer assays. In a field setting, both S-linalool and β-ocimene were effective in recruiting both female and male Pa. hyposidrae wasps. To understand the molecular mechanism of monoterpenes-mediated indirect defence in tea plants, two novel monoterpene synthase genes, CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ, involved in the biosynthesis of S-linalool or β-ocimene, respectively, were identified and biochemically characterised. When the expression of these two genes in tea plants was inhibited by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, both volatile emission and attraction of wasps were reduced. Furthermore, gene expression analysis suggested that the expression of CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ is regulated by the jasmonic acid signalling pathway in the tea plant.
[学术文献 ] A host-specialized aphid lineage helps another conspecific lineage utilize a new host by disrupting the plant defenses 进入全文
Journal of Pest Science 期刊
Polyphagous aphids often have host-specialized lineages, and the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aphid Aphis gossypii has several host-specialized lineages including one specialized on Cucurbitaceae and one on Malvaceae. We found that the performance of Malvaceae lineage was poor on cucumbers, but significantly improved on cucumbers that were previously infested by Cucurbit lineage for 14 d. Following two-generation feeding experience on pre-infested cucumbers, Malvaceae lineage acquired the ability to use uninfested cucumbers. The pre-infestation largely decreased insect-negative metabolites such as cucurbitacins and phenols and increased insect-positive metabolites such as soluble sugars. The pre-infestation decreased the salicylic acid by 25.9% but increased the jasmonic acid by 1337% in cucumbers, which corresponded to expression of marker genes in phytohormone signaling pathways. Exogenous salicylic acid significantly decreased the performance improvement of Malvaceae lineage on pre-infested cucumbers, but exogenous jasmonic acid did not. Those results indicate that infestation by Cucurbit lineage altered the metabolism of cucumbers and interrupted the defense-associated phytohormones, from which we conclude that the disability in overcoming cucumber's defenses caused the incompatibility of Malvaceae lineage to cucumbers. The acclimation to cucumbers of Malvaceae lineage aphids may result from activation of some effector genes targeting cucumbers. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of aphid host-specialization and new clues for preventing A. gossypii switching from Malvaceae hosts to cucurbits.
[学术文献 ] Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor using odorant-binding protein to detect aldehydes 进入全文
Analytica Chimica Acta 期刊
Recently, various biosensors based on odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were developed for the detection of odorants and pheromones. However, important data gaps exist regarding the sensitive and selective detection of aldehydes with various carbon numbers. In this work, an OBP2a-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensor was developed by immobilizing OBP2a on a gold interdigital electrode, and was characterized by EIS and atomic force microscopy. EIS responses showed the OBP2a-based biosensor was highly sensitive to citronellal, lily aldehyde, octanal, and decanal (detection limit of 10−11mol/L), and was selective towards aldehydes compared with interfering odorants such as small-molecule alcohols and fatty acids (selectivity coefficients lower than 0.15). Moreover, the OBP2a-based biosensor exhibited high repeatability (relative standard deviation: 1.6%–9.1%, n = 3 for each odorant), stability (NIC declined by 3.6% on 6th day), and recovery (91.2%–96.6% on three real samples). More specifically, the sensitivity of the biosensor to aldehydes was positively correlated to the molecular weight and the heterocyclic molecule structure of the odorants. These results proved the availability and the potential usage of the OBP2a-based EIS biosensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of aldehydes in aspects such as medical diagnostics, food and favor analysis, and environmental monitoring.
[相关专利 ] An integrated pest management system to trap insects for crop protection and method thereof 进入全文
印度专利
The present disclosure proposes an integrated pest management system (100) that continuously moves across a field and traps insects present in the field to provide crop protection. The integrated pest management system (100) comprises an elongated supporting frame (102), a pest control device (108), an odorant container (142), an illuminating unit (144) and a controller (146). The proposed integrated pest management system (100) reaches accessible areas and maneuvers through crops, thereby accessing insects hiding among foliage and deeper within the field. The proposed integrated pest management system (100) utilizes a locking frame (128) with plungers (130, 132) to direct trapped insects toward a collecting chamber (114) to enhance trapping efficiency.
[统计数据 ] Tea Import Value from Five Continents in 2020-2022（FAOSTAT） 进入全文
FAO 网站
根据FAOSTAT，最新统计了2020-2022年度五大洲和世界茶叶进口价值（1000 USD），以及三年茶叶进口价值总值，详细数据见表 Tea Import Value from Five Continents in 2020-2022（FAOSTAT）。
