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[学术文献 ] Beyond Survival: The Role of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defense Mechanisms 进入全文
Journal of Crop Health 期刊
Plants, over millennia, have evolved intricate and sophisticated defense mechanisms to counter a myriad of environmental stresses, primarily through the synthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). These unique compounds are instrumental in plant defense acting as a frontline barrier against pathogens, pests, and herbivores, while also facilitating as well as aiding adaptation to environmental challenges and mediating interactions with other organisms. This review discusses the role of SMs in plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as their significant contribution to abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, the review examines the impact of individual environmental variables, namely salinity, drought, temperature, and light, on the accumulation of SMs in plants. It also explores the intricate genetic regulation of SM biosynthesis during stress conditions, with a particular focus on the involvement of transcription factors, such as AP2/ERF, bZIP, bHLH, WRKY, MYB, and NAC. By integrating and synthesizing insights on both biotic and abiotic stress responses, this review sheds light on the complex interplay between environmental factors and secondary metabolite production, offering a comprehensive and holistic perspective on plant adaptive strategies.
[学术文献 ] Unlocking Plant Resilience: Metabolomic Insights into Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops 进入全文
Metabolites 期刊
Background/Objectives: This review aims to provide an integrative overview of how metabolomics can elucidate biochemical mechanisms underlying stress tolerance and guide the development of stress-resilient crops. Methods: We reviewed the recent literature on metabolomic studies addressing abiotic stress responses in various crop species, focusing on both targeted and untargeted approaches using platforms such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We also included emerging techniques such as capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and data-independent acquisition (DIA). Additionally, we discuss the integration of metabolomics with transcriptomics and physiological data to support system-level insights. Results: The reviewed studies identify common stress-responsive metabolites, including osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and signaling compounds, which are consistently linked to enhanced tolerance. Novel metabolic biomarkers and putative regulatory hubs are highlighted as potential targets for molecular breeding and bioengineering. We also address ongoing challenges related to data standardization and reproducibility across analytical platforms. Conclusions: Metabolomics is a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of plant abiotic stress responses. Its integration with other omics approaches and phenotypic analyses offers promising avenues for improving crop resilience and developing climate-adaptive agricultural strategies.
[学术文献 ] Temporal variation in floral scent emission of a woody plant and flower visiting behaviour of male and female flies 进入全文
OIKOS 期刊
We examined temporal variation in the emission of scent of yellowhorn Xanthoceras sorbifolium flowers, visitation behaviour of its main pollinators, male and female Bibio rufiventris flies, and their responses to floral volatile compounds using field experiments and controlled bioassays. Our results show significant daily fluctuations in floral volatile emission of X. sorbifolium in the field. The relative emission of 1-octen-3-ol, 1-octanol, benzaldehyde, and α-farnesene increased from 9:00 to 15:00 h, while (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol, (E)-2-nonenal, 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-methanol, (E)-2-nonenal and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal decreased. In concert, we observed an increase in visits and visitation duration for male pollinators, but a decrease for female visitation duration. Pollinators exhibited sex-specific responses to floral volatiles, with attraction to 1-octen-3-ol and 1-octanol for B. rufiventris males, while (E)-2-nonenal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-hexenal attracted females. Our study shows that temporal variation in floral scent may explain differences in flower visitation by male and female pollinators through sex-specific responses to floral volatiles. Investigating sex-based differences exhibited by pollinators and temporal variation in floral scent emission will help understand the dynamic nature of plant–pollinator interactions.
[前沿资讯 ] China's Tea Chains Are Expanding Globally 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
Anyone who has visited a large city globally has most likely come across a Chinese tea chain selling milk, boba, and traditional tea varieties. While drinking tea and the tea tradition is deeply ingrained in China's domestic culture and market, many chains have seen opportunities to expand abroad. Mixue Ice Cream & Tea, which recently became the largest food & beverage chain in the world with over 45,000 locations, is just one of the Chinese tea companies expanding globally (although notably, the chain has no locations in the U.S.). Franchises like HEYTEA, Chagee, and Ningji are also finding success abroad.
[学术文献 ] Plant Communication: How Plants Converse and Cope Up 进入全文
Botanical Review 期刊
Major adaptive responses are reported in plants at the genome level due to the intra- and inter-kingdom communication of plants. While several recent reviews focus extensively on specific topics such as VOC-mediated or mycorrhiza-mediated interactions, other equally important aspects relevant to plant communication have been insignificantly represented. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all known mechanisms through which plants interact with their surroundings. Special emphasis has been placed on highlighting topics that have received less attention in the literature, while offering detailed insights into already well-established areas. This article examines how plants perceive and transmit signals from their neighbors or surroundings and how they adjust their responses to adapt to these signals or target a second receiver to caution or influence them.
[统计数据 ] Tea Yield in World and Five Continents in 2023 (FAOSTAT) 进入全文
FAO 网站
根据FAOSTAT，最新统计了2023年度全球及五大洲（包括：非洲、美洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲和世界）茶叶产量，数据详见表 Tea Yield in World and Five Continents in 2023 (FAOSTAT)。
