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[前沿资讯 ] Sri Lanka Seeks Geographical Indication for its Ceylon Tea 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
斯里兰卡的茶业正试图通过采用可持续性标准来提高标准，同时努力为其锡兰茶获得地理标志（GI）认可。行业专家对这些举措表示欢迎，同时也呼吁共同努力，改善茶叶行业工人的生计，以及其他问题。据斯里兰卡茶叶委员会代理主任Upul Priyantha介绍，斯里兰卡的锡兰茶目前正在向欧盟委员会申请注册为地理标志。申请是在去年9月提交的。此举正值政府管理的斯里兰卡标准委员会（Sri Lanka Standards Board）准备于下月推出一项茶叶行业标准之际。这些措施巩固了该国向世界展示锡兰茶区别于其他类型茶的独特性的努力。Priyantha说，所有因素，复杂的地形，加上一年中不断变化的天气模式，为茶叶种植创造了有利的条件，从而实现了茶叶全年生产，产生了锡兰茶独特而复杂的味道。
[学术文献 ] Plant response to touch vs. insect feeding vibrations 进入全文
Arthropod-Plant Interactions 期刊
Plants experience a wide variety of mechanical stimuli in their environment, some of which indicate the presence of herbivory. Insect feeding vibrations elicit direct and primed increases in levels of defensive compounds. Touch is also a mechanical stimulus arising from rain, wind, and the movement of herbivores and pollinators. In this study, we compared the effect of insect feeding vibrations on flavonoid defenses with two other mechanical stimuli, a silent sham treatment and an active touch treatment. Feeding vibrations caused a direct increase in the concentration of anthocyanins compared to silent sham and active touch, and elicited no priming effects on response to methyl jasmonate. Silent sham caused a priming increase in the concentration of flavonols compared to feeding vibrations and active touch, and there were no direct effects. Although these results provide additional evidence for plant discrimination among mechanical stimuli, we discuss the common intertwining of touch and vibration in what plants experience in natural environments. We propose that touch and vibration are likely perceived by plants as related mechanical stimuli, and encourage broader exploration of this core feature of plant sensory ecology.
[学术文献 ] Evaluating the Effects of Flavonoids on Insects: Implications for Managing Pests Without Harming Beneficials 进入全文
Insects 期刊
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that deter attacks from some plant-feeding insects. The hypothesis that flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides can be utilized to manage pest insects without negatively affecting beneficial insects was evaluated. Scientific literature databases were examined. Flavonoids were harmful to most true bugs and true flies but harmless to bees. Flavonoid glycosides showed a tendency to harm true bugs and true flies but not harm sawflies. Flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides caused a mixture of harmful and harmless outcomes to plant-feeding beetles. Flavonoid glycosides were harmless to butterflies. In conclusion, these compounds have moderate potential as attractants, stimulants, repellents, deterrents, and less-toxic insecticides against some pests, especially true bugs and true flies, without harming beneficials.
[学术文献 ] Role of terpenes in plant defense to biotic stress 进入全文
Biocontrol Agents and Secondary Metabolites 图书
Terpenes constitute a highly diverse class of chemical compounds produced by the plant and playing a role in many functions, both physiological and ecological. Plants constantly interact with other organisms, from beneficial to detrimental, and evolved sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to control these interactions. The role of terpenes, or more in general of terpenoids, as preformed or induced chemical deterrents to herbivores is known since long, and their complex role in plant defense against pathogens is increasingly present in the scientific literature. The synthesis of terpenes is one of the responses to attack in numerous plant-pathogen binomials, where terpenes act as specialized or generalized pathogen inhibitors. In this chapter, the involvement of terpenes and terpenoids in resistance to plant pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, and, where relevant, their vectors, is described.
[学术文献 ] Role of phenols and polyphenols in plant defense response to biotic and abiotic stresses 进入全文
Biocontrol Agents and Secondary Metabolites 图书
Crops represent an integral part of mankind. They produce a range of primary and secondary metabolites with different functions. A large and diverse group of secondary metabolites, represented by phenols and polyphenols, are synthesized by crops for physiological roles in its life cycle. The physiological roles include growth regulation, interactions with ethylene, lignin and pigment biosynthesis, etc. Among the various roles of the metabolites, they have also been known to be capable of scavenging harmful reactive oxygen species in various organisms. In plants, there has been an increased biosynthesis of phenol and polyphenol compounds to help them cope with the multifarious abiotic and biotic stresses such as salinity, heavy metal, drought, temperature, UV lights, disease progression, etc. This chapter focusses on the classification and of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds and its biosynthesis through various pathways in the crops. The specificity of the protection to crop stress conferred by each of these compounds and the role of the compounds in plant growth are also discussed in detail. Conclusively, the ability of the secondary metabolite will help us understand the different mechanisms adopted by the crops to survive and inhabit unfavorable environments.
[会议论文 ] Plant Phenolics: A Biochemical and Physiological Perspective 进入全文
Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research 会议
The plant polyphenols are a very heterogeneous group, some universally and others widely distributed among plants, and often present in surprisingly high concentrations. During the evolutionary adaptation of plants to land, the biosynthesis of different phenolics classes in plants has evolved in response to changes in the external environment. Besides a bulk of phenolic substances having cell wall structural roles, a great diversity of non-structural constituents was also formed, having such various roles as defending plants, establishing flower colour and contributing substantially to certain flavours. The accumulation of phenolics in plant tissues is considered a common adaptive response of plants to adverse environmental conditions, therefore increasing evolutionary fitness. In addition, these secondary metabolites may still be physiologically important as a means of channelling and storing carbon compounds, accumulated from photosynthesis, during periods when nitrogen is limiting or whenever leaf growth is curtailed.
