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[学术文献 ] Effects of baculovirus-killed cadavers on plant defenses and insect behavior 进入全文
Arthropod-Plant Interactions 期刊
Baculoviruses are a group of entomopathogenic viruses that are important natural enemies of insects, particularly lepidopteran larvae. An important component of baculovirus transmission efficiency is the frequency with which hosts encounter patchily distributed virions on plants. Little is known about the ecology and bacterial composition of virus-killed cadavers. We used a baculovirus and host Trichoplusia ni caterpillars to study the effects of virus-killed cadavers on tomato plant defenses and T. ni behavior. We also compared bacterial communities associated with virus-killed and uninfected (freeze-killed) cadavers and found that there was no significant difference in community composition and membership between tomato-fed virus-killed or freeze-killed cadavers. Comparison of virus-killed cadavers from two separate experiments revealed significant differences in bacterial community composition, suggesting that host plant could play a more important role in shaping bacterial communities than virus infection status. Culture-dependent plating indicated that virus-killed cadavers had significantly higher bacterial titers compared with uninfected cadavers. We found that virus-killed cadavers suppressed polyphenol oxidase activity, an important plant defense protein, in mechanically damaged plants, but not in plants damaged by herbivory. Although cadavers did not influence plant defenses induced by feeding damage inflicted by healthy or infected T. ni, this study provides the first evidence that baculoviruses could influence plant defenses through host cadavers. When applied to intact plants, neither virus-killed or freeze-killed cadavers influenced T. ni oviposition, larval choice, or larval consumption, indicating these insects did not discriminate cadaver cues. Virus-killed cadavers could play important roles in mediating interactions between plants, herbivores, and other trophic levels, with potential implications for viral transmission dynamics.
[相关专利 ] Plant Defence Gene Expression 进入全文
美国专利
本发明涉及植物防御和对昆虫和真菌载体病原体（如病毒）的耐受性的管理，以及通过将昆布多糖或包含昆布多糖酶的组合物应用于植物进行抗病性管理。昆布多糖的应用调节了目标植物中防御基因的表达。首项权利要求：一种通过调节植物防御基因表达来提高植物免疫力、植物防御能力和对昆虫和真菌载体病原体的耐受性，提高植物抗病性或抗虫性，保护植物免受疾病侵害，或改善植物病害管理的方法，所述方法包括将含有昆布多糖的组合物应用于目标植物。
[相关专利 ] Plant disease/pest resistance and defence response facilitated with glucanases from Lolium 进入全文
新西兰专利
Described are nucleic acids and nucleic acid fragments encoding amino acid sequences for glucanases from a ryegrass (Lolium) species and the use thereof for modification of plant defence response, disease and/or pest resistance, manipulation of glucan breakdown in plants, production of signals and elicitors for the manipulation of plant development, and/or host defence reaction in plants. First claim：1. A substantially purified or isolated nucleic acid or nucleic acid fragment encoding, antisense to or complementary to a nucleic acid or nucleic acid fragment encoding a glucanase (GLUC) from a ryegrass (Lolium) species, or a functionally active fragment or 5 variant thereof. 2. A nucleic acid or nucleic acid fragment according to Claim 1, wherein said Lolium species is Lolium perenne or Lolium arundinaceum.
[前沿资讯 ] Blending Innovation: Unveiling the Potential of Flavored Blends in the Modern Tea Industry 进入全文
World Tea News 网站
Misconceptions surrounding blended and flavored teas have persisted for far too long. Let's dive deep into the world of blended and flavored teas, challenging common misconceptions and exploring the incredible potential they offer for your business. A prevalent misconception is that creating a well-composed blended or flavored tea is simple, and only done to hide the taste of cheap tea. Another common thought is that added flavoring somehow adulterates tea. As the global tea industry continues to evolve, companies must acknowledge and cater to the rising popularity of flavored and blended teas. While purists may cling to traditional offerings, embracing this category unlocks significant growth opportunities and broadens a brand's appeal. By harnessing the creativity and innovation inherent in blending, companies can position themselves as pioneers, helping shape the future of the tea industry.
[学术文献 ] Sensitive Detection of Fungicide Folpet by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: Experimental and Theoretical Approach 进入全文
Chemosensors 期刊
In this work, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was employed as an effective detection technique for folpet, characterized by its notable specificity and sensitivity. The investigation involved the use of UV–Vis, Raman, and SERS spectroscopy of folpet at different concentrations for a comprehensive study of plasmon-driven effects such as plasmon resonance, plasmon hybridization, and electric field enhancement resulting in the SERS’ intensification. Specifically, SERS detection of folpet solutions at concentrations below 100 µM is presented in detail by using Ag nanoparticles prepared with hydroxylamine reduction. The experimentation encompassed diverse conditions to optimize the detection process, with Raman spectra acquired for both folpet powder and aqueous solution of folpet at the natural pH. SERS analyses were conducted across a concentration range of 9.5 × 10−8 to 1.61 × 10−4 M, employing 532 nm excitation. The differences in the spectral profiles observed for folpet Raman powder and SERS are ascribed to N–S cleavage; these changes are attributed to plasmon catalysis induced by the used Ag nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also important in the present analysis to better understand which mechanism of nanoparticles aggregation is more favorable for the SERS detection regarding the formation of hot spots in the suspension. Complementing the experimental data, the molecular structure and theoretical Raman spectra of the folpet molecule were calculated through density functional theory (DFT) methods. The outcomes of these calculations were crucial in the elucidation of folpet’s vibrational modes. The culmination of this research resulted in the successful detection of folpet, achieving a notable limit of detection at 4.78 × 10−8 M. This comprehensive approach amalgamates experimental and theoretical methodologies, offering significant insights into the detection capabilities and molecular characteristics of folpet via SERS analysis.
[科技图书 ] Decision System in Agricultural Pest Management 进入全文
SpringerLink 网站
本书涵盖了害虫种群组成的理论和实践方面，解释了农业或其他生态系统中害虫密度波动和爆发的可能原因。农业害虫管理是一项复杂的任务，涉及处理各种害虫，包括昆虫、疾病和杂草。决策系统可以通过提供结构化的方法来识别、监测和控制害虫，帮助农民应对这种复杂性。通过根据数据和模型做出明智的决定，农民可以减少不必要的农药使用，最大限度地减少对环境的影响并节省成本。本书通过简单的案例研究，帮助使用种群增长参数预测害虫爆发，并通过临界阈值估算经济作物损失。此外，还介绍了图像处理、遥感监测和其他用于监测和快速预测害虫种群爆发的新方法，以制定综合害虫管理（IPM）计划。
