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[相关专利 ] An integrated pest management system to trap insects for crop protection and method thereof 进入全文
印度专利
The present disclosure proposes an integrated pest management system (100) that continuously moves across a field and traps insects present in the field to provide crop protection. The integrated pest management system (100) comprises an elongated supporting frame (102), a pest control device (108), an odorant container (142), an illuminating unit (144) and a controller (146). The proposed integrated pest management system (100) reaches accessible areas and maneuvers through crops, thereby accessing insects hiding among foliage and deeper within the field. The proposed integrated pest management system (100) utilizes a locking frame (128) with plungers (130, 132) to direct trapped insects toward a collecting chamber (114) to enhance trapping efficiency.
[统计数据 ] Tea Import Value from Five Continents in 2020-2022（FAOSTAT） 进入全文
FAO 网站
根据FAOSTAT，最新统计了2020-2022年度五大洲和世界茶叶进口价值（1000 USD），以及三年茶叶进口价值总值，详细数据见表 Tea Import Value from Five Continents in 2020-2022（FAOSTAT）。
[学术文献 ] Plant-derived monoterpene S-linalool and β-ocimene generated by CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ are key chemical cues for attracting parasitoid wasps for suppressing Ectropis obliqua infestation in Camellia sinensis L 进入全文
Plant, Cell & Environment 期刊
Insect-induced plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may function as either direct defence molecules to deter insects or indirect defence signals to attract the natural enemies of the invading insects. Tea (Camellia sinensis L.), an important leaf-based beverage crop, is mainly infested by Ectropis obliqua which causes the most serious damage. Here, we report a mechanistic investigation of tea plant-derived VOCs in an indirect defence mechanism against E. obliqua. Parasitoid wasp Parapanteles hyposidrae, a natural enemy of E. obliqua, showed strong electrophysiological response and selection behaviour towards S-linalool and β-ocimene, two monoterpenes with elevated emission from E. obliqua-damaged tea plants. Larvae frass of E. obliqua, which also released S-linalool and β-ocimene, was found to attract both mated female or male Pa. hyposidrae according to gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and Y-tube olfactometer assays. In a field setting, both S-linalool and β-ocimene were effective in recruiting both female and male Pa. hyposidrae wasps. To understand the molecular mechanism of monoterpenes-mediated indirect defence in tea plants, two novel monoterpene synthase genes, CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ, involved in the biosynthesis of S-linalool or β-ocimene, respectively, were identified and biochemically characterised. When the expression of these two genes in tea plants was inhibited by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, both volatile emission and attraction of wasps were reduced. Furthermore, gene expression analysis suggested that the expression of CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ is regulated by the jasmonic acid signalling pathway in the tea plant.
[学术文献 ] A host-specialized aphid lineage helps another conspecific lineage utilize a new host by disrupting the plant defenses 进入全文
Journal of Pest Science 期刊
Polyphagous aphids often have host-specialized lineages, and the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aphid Aphis gossypii has several host-specialized lineages including one specialized on Cucurbitaceae and one on Malvaceae. We found that the performance of Malvaceae lineage was poor on cucumbers, but significantly improved on cucumbers that were previously infested by Cucurbit lineage for 14 d. Following two-generation feeding experience on pre-infested cucumbers, Malvaceae lineage acquired the ability to use uninfested cucumbers. The pre-infestation largely decreased insect-negative metabolites such as cucurbitacins and phenols and increased insect-positive metabolites such as soluble sugars. The pre-infestation decreased the salicylic acid by 25.9% but increased the jasmonic acid by 1337% in cucumbers, which corresponded to expression of marker genes in phytohormone signaling pathways. Exogenous salicylic acid significantly decreased the performance improvement of Malvaceae lineage on pre-infested cucumbers, but exogenous jasmonic acid did not. Those results indicate that infestation by Cucurbit lineage altered the metabolism of cucumbers and interrupted the defense-associated phytohormones, from which we conclude that the disability in overcoming cucumber's defenses caused the incompatibility of Malvaceae lineage to cucumbers. The acclimation to cucumbers of Malvaceae lineage aphids may result from activation of some effector genes targeting cucumbers. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of aphid host-specialization and new clues for preventing A. gossypii switching from Malvaceae hosts to cucurbits.
[学术文献 ] TP-Transfiner: high-quality segmentation network for tea pest 进入全文
Frontiers in Plant Science 期刊
This study proposes an end-to-end tea pest detection and segmentation framework, TeaPest-Transfiner (TP-Transfiner), based on Mask Transfiner to address the challenge of detecting and segmenting pests in mimicry and dense scenarios. In order to improve the feature extraction inability and weak accuracy of traditional convolution modules, this study proposes three strategies. Firstly, a deformable attention block is integrated into the model, which consists of deformable convolution and self-attention using the key content only term. Secondly, the FPN architecture in the backbone network is improved with a more effective feature-aligned pyramid network (FaPN). Lastly, focal loss is employed to balance positive and negative samples during the training period, and parameters are adapted to the dataset distribution. Furthermore, to address the lack of tea pest images, a dataset called TeaPestDataset is constructed, which contains 1,752 images and 29 species of tea pests. Experimental results on the TeaPestDataset show that the proposed TP-Transfiner model achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with other models, attaining a detection precision (AP50) of 87.211% and segmentation performance of 87.381%. Notably, the model shows a significant improvement in segmentation average precision (mAP) by 9.4% and a reduction in model size by 30% compared to the state-of-the-art CNN-based model Mask R-CNN. Simultaneously, TP-Transfiner’s lightweight module fusion maintains fast inference speeds and a compact model size, demonstrating practical potential for pest control in tea gardens, especially in dense and mimicry scenarios.
[学术文献 ] Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests 进入全文
Animals 期刊
Many arthropod pests of humans and other animals select their preferred hosts by recognising volatile odour compounds contained in the hosts’ ‘volatilome’. Although there is prolific literature on chemical emissions from humans, published data on volatiles and vector attraction in other species are more sporadic. Despite several decades since the identification of a small number of critical volatiles underpinning specific host–vector relationships, synthetic chemicals or mixtures still largely fail to reproduce the attractiveness of natural hosts to their disease vectors. This review documents allelochemicals from non-human terrestrial animals and considers where challenges in collection and analysis have left shortfalls in animal volatilome research. A total of 1287 volatile organic compounds were identified from 141 species. Despite comparable diversity of entities in each compound class, no specific chemical is ubiquitous in all species reviewed, and over half are reported as unique to a single species. This review provides a rationale for future enquiries by highlighting research gaps, such as disregard for the contribution of breath volatiles to the whole animal volatilome and evaluating the role of allomones as vector deterrents. New opportunities to improve vector surveillance and disrupt disease transmission may be unveiled by understanding the host-associated stimuli that drive vector-host interactions.
