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[学术文献 ] Foliar Application of Bacillus thuringiensis Enhances Tea Quality and Plant Defense via Phyllosphere Microbiome Modulation 进入全文
Agriculture-Basel 期刊
The plant microbiome plays a crucial role in the health of the tea plant, while Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely utilized as a biological pesticide in tea gardens, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. However, the effects of Bt spraying on tea quality and the structure and function of the phyllosphere microbiome remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of Bt spraying on tea quality, microbiome composition, diversity, and potential functions using tea leaf quality measurements and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S/ITS rDNA genes. Results showed that spraying Bt1 significantly increased the contents of free amino acids (by 15.27%), flavonoids (by 18.00%), soluble sugars (by 62.55%), and key compounds such as epicatechin gallate (by 10.50%), gallocatechin gallate (by 122.52%), and epigallocatechin gallate (by 61.29%), leading to improved leaf quality. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that the community structure of both epiphytic and endophytic microbes became more complex after Bt treatment. The abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Novosphingobium, Methylobacterium, and Sphingomonas, increased significantly, while pathogenic fungi like Aspergillus and Phyllosticta decreased. Functional prediction indicated enhanced amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism, particularly the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which supports disease resistance and boosts secondary metabolite levels. Furthermore, Bt application reduced pathogenic fungi, enhancing the tea plant’s resistance to diseases. Overall, foliar spraying of Bt can positively alter the phyllosphere microbiome by enriching beneficial bacteria and improving metabolic functions, ultimately enhancing tea plant resistance and quality, and providing a scientific basis for sustainable pest management in tea cultivation.
[学术文献 ] Small-scale tea farming sustainability: A case study of Darjeeling hill region, India 进入全文
Farming System 期刊
This study assesses the farming sustainability of the Small Tea Growers (STGs) in the Darjeeling hill region of India renowned for its high-quality tea production in which they had an important role. It is a comprehensive assessment encompassing environmental, economic, and social dimensions of tea farming sustainability using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to illuminate the intricate challenges faced by STGs (n = 927) and also examines the interrelationships between these dimensions through the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) techniques and test of significance (p) at 0.05 levels. The findings reveal that while environmental sustainability is moderate (0.48), economic sustainability (0.38) is a major challenge due to factors such as small land holdings (<10 ha) and limited farming experience. Social sustainability (0.54) displays village-level disparities, largely shaped by education, healthcare access, and participation in community decision-making. Overall, the Composite STGs Sustainability Index (CSTGSI) indicates that 79.71 % of STGs fall within the moderate sustainability (0.4–0.5) category reflecting a much better position compared to other tea-growing regions. The study emphasizes the need for tailored interventions to address specific village-level challenges and promote sustainable tea farming practices in the Darjeeling region.
[会议论文 ] Challenges in the Tea Industry in Burundi: Upgrading and Sustainability Policies 进入全文
Agrarian Perspectives Series 会议
Since its introduction in Burundi in 1963, the tea bush has been a strategic cash crop for the country in terms of foreign exchange export earnings. Tea sector is one of the main employment sectors, providing regular income to more than 60,000 farmers. This article develops the different challenges identified in the tea sector and discusses the upgrading measures to meet demand and maintain its sustainability. The study is based on interviews with the managers of the Burundi Tea Board (OTB), factory managers, 120 tea farmers and secondary data especially experiences from countries that produce and sell tea on international markets. As an integral part of the Global Value Chain (GVC), the results showed that the tea sector faces multiple challenges that could jeopardize its sustainability and competitiveness. Internationally, price volatility is a challenge for Burundian tea given its low production and buyers (price-makers) are more rigorous in terms of quality and certification standards. Upstream, several challenges are worth mentioning: labour shortages, scarcity of land for expansion, high production and transaction costs, old tea bushes, low application of fertilizers, etc. In order to increase productivity, the country needs to replace old tea bushes with high yield varieties and strengthen the training of extension workers and tea growers. To reduce production costs, government should invest in infrastructure and other energy sources must be harnessed. In addition, diversification of supply and systematic adaptation to certification standards are needed to meet demand.
[学术文献 ] The effects of applying cold atmospheric plasma on pesticide detection levels and tea leaves quality 进入全文
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 期刊
Pesticide residues in tea leaves are a significant concern for both the tea industry and consumers. Improper pesticide application, failure to adhere to pre-harvest intervals, and environmental contamination contribute to their presence. Additionally, inconsistent international maximum residue limits (MRLs) complicate global tea trade. This study investigates the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a novel nonthermal technology, for pesticide degradation in tea leaves. Imidacloprid and Pyraclostrobin, commonly detected pesticides, were selected as target compounds. CAP treatment effectively reduced these pesticides by 44 % and 43 %, respectively, achieving compliance with Taiwanese and EU regulatory standards. Furthermore, CAP enhanced the visual appeal of the tea leaves by improving brightness and greenness, while maintaining antioxidant capacity comparable to commercial green tea. Key aromatic compounds, α-terpinene, geraniol, and linalool, were also preserved. Optimal CAP parameters (19 kHz, 400 W, and 5.41 min) were identified for effective pesticide reduction without compromising tea quality. These findings provide promising directions for future research and potential industrial applications, contributing to safer and more sustainable tea production.
[统计数据 ] Tea Export quantity from Five Continents in 2023 (FAOSTAT) 进入全文
FAO 网站
根据 FAOSTAT，最新统计了2023年度五大洲和世界茶叶出口量（t），以及相应数据标记说明，详细数据见表Tea Export quantity from Five Continents in 2023 (FAOSTAT)。
[学术文献 ] Characteristics of neonicotinoid and metabolite residues in Taiwanese tea leaves 进入全文
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 期刊
BACKGROUND：Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides, and tea is a popular non-alcoholic beverage in Taiwan. However, the levels of neonicotinoids in Taiwanese tea leaves remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to understand the characteristics of neonicotinoid and metabolite residues in Taiwanese tea leaves. METHODS：In this study, 12 tea leaf samples were collected in Taiwan and extracted by solid-phase extraction before analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the levels of neonicotinoids were compared with the maximum residue level standards from other countries. RESULTS：In Taiwanese tea leaves, five neonicotinoids and seven metabolites were detected. Different tea species influenced the levels of neonicotinoids and their metabolites in the present study. Moreover, the levels of neonicotinoids and their metabolites in partially fermented leaves were higher than in completely fermented leaves. In Jin-Xuan tea, the levels of neonicotinoids and their metabolites in most winter-harvested teas were lower than in summer-harvested teas. CONCLUSION：The residue levels of neonicotinoids and their metabolites were detectable in Taiwanese tea leaves. Moreover, different tea species, manufacturing processes, and harvest seasons might influence the levels of these pesticides. Therefore, the government should monitor the use of neonicotinoids.
