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[学术文献 ] Silicon’s defensive role against biotic and abiotic stress: a review 进入全文
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 期刊
Silicon enhances developmental processes and controls the enzymatic and functional properties of plants. It is considered a quasi-element in the earth’s crust, absorbed and translocated to aerial parts through transpiration. Silicon reduces various plant stress conditions, with plants displaying both direct and indirect defensive mechanisms. Indirect defense involves the release of volatiles that attract the pathogen’s natural enemies, while morphological, biochemical, and molecular impediments constitute direct defense. Both mechanisms are strengthened by silicon treatment. Silicon enhances the polymerization of silicic acid in intercellular spaces and beneath cuticles as phytoliths, establishing a defense against pathogens. Silicon activates multiple pathways, encouraging the accumulation of supplementary metabolites, thereby enhancing plant defenses against abiotic and biotic challenges. It also contributes significantly to defensive mechanisms mediated by phytohormones. Studies show that silicon positively affects plants during severe stress by modifying several metabolites. Phytohormones are essential to crop plants’ biochemical and physiological functions under unfavorable environmental circumstances. Frontline phytohormones, such as auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid regulate abiotic stress tolerance pathways intrinsically linked with silicon. This review highlights silicon’s functionality in various biotic and abiotic stresses.
[学术文献 ] Unlocking the potential of ecofriendly guardians for biological control of plant diseases, crop protection and production in sustainable agriculture 进入全文
3 Biotech 期刊
Several beneficial microbial strains inhibit the growth of different phytopathogens and commercialized worldwide as biocontrol agents (BCAs) for plant disease management. These BCAs employ different strategies for growth inhibition of pathogens, which includes production of antibiotics, siderophores, lytic enzymes, bacteriocins, hydrogen cyanide, volatile organic compounds, biosurfactants and induction of systemic resistance. This review discusses the characterization of antagonistic microbes and their antimicrobial metabolites, and the application of these BCAs for disease control. The present review also provides a comprehensive summary of the genetic organization and regulation of the biosynthesis of different antimicrobial metabolites in antagonistic strains. Use of molecular engineering to improve production of metabolites in BCAs and their efficacy in disease control is also discussed. The application of these biopesticides will reduce use of conventional pesticides in disease control and help in achieving sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural systems.
[学术文献 ] Modeling the effects of trap crop attraction strength, patch dispersion, and biological control on pest suppression 进入全文
Arthropod-Plant Interactions 期刊
Trap cropping has long been an important component of integrated pest management schemes in agricultural ecosystems. Spatial dispersion and the strength of attraction of trap crops relative to principal crops, along with insect movement behavior, may all moderate the efficacy of trap cropping in controlling pests. Here we employ a simple differential-equation patch model to explore the interplay of trap cropping and biological control. In particular, we vary attraction strength to trap crops along with predator foraging behavior (mobility and directedness) to determine the relative influences of these factors on herbivore suppression. Our results highlight the fact pest suppression is mediated by the relative palatability of trap crops to both pests and predators, and somewhat mediated by the spatial dispersion of trap crops. We discuss the potential for using trap crops in combination with natural enemies to boost pest suppression in annual cropping systems.
[学术文献 ] Molecular Advances in Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants: Focus on Atmospheric Stressors 进入全文
International Journal of Molecular Sciences 期刊
Plants face many abiotic stresses that significantly impact their growth and survival, requiring intricate mechanisms in order to adapt and thrive. These responses occur at multiple levels of plant organization, beginning with changes in biochemical processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration, which form the basis of stress adaptation. On a broader scale, these biochemical alterations lead to morphological and anatomical changes in plant organs, thereby enabling improved resilience to environmental challenges. Underlying these adaptations is a sophisticated molecular signaling network that acts as an early warning system, allowing the plants to perceive and respond to external abiotic stimuli effectively. This signaling machinery integrates various molecular pathways to initiate appropriate physiological and structural changes. Understanding the interplay between molecular signals and plant responses provides valuable insights into the complex nature of abiotic stress tolerance. Such knowledge is crucial for developing strategies to enhance crop resilience in the face of global environmental changes. This Special Issue presents a collection of 12 original and review articles that explore the key thematic areas highlighted within this SI.
[学术文献 ] Green Leaf Volatiles: A New Player in the Protection against Abiotic Stresses? 进入全文
International Journal of Molecular Sciences 期刊
To date, the role of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) has been mainly constrained to protecting plants against pests and pathogens. However, increasing evidence suggests that among the stresses that can significantly harm plants, GLVs can also provide significant protection against heat, cold, drought, light, and salinity stress. But while the molecular basis for this protection is still largely unknown, it seems obvious that a common theme in the way GLVs work is that most, if not all, of these stresses are associated with physical damage to the plants, which, in turn, is the major event responsible for the production of GLVs. Here, I summarize the current state of knowledge on GLVs and abiotic stresses and provide a model explaining the multifunctionality of these compounds.
[学术文献 ] Influence of competition in modelling dynamics of plant defense with induced volatile 进入全文
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 期刊
Being sessile organism, plants have to deal with environmental stresses like herbivore attack, competition with neighboring plants in different ways. Plant produced volatile plays a major role in plant defense. After herbivore attack, plant induced volatile attracts the natural enemies of herbivore. So, natural enemies enter the plant herbivore system. There are lots of works on growth and defense for individual plants whereas it is essential to analysis the trade-off between growth and defense in context of plant as a member of plant community. In this paper we address the effect of plant–plant competition and herbivore induced volatile in four species plant–herbivore–carnivore system. We outline the various role of volatile in plant competition and defense. Besides local stability, we also study the global behavior at the densities of all population at equilibrium point. We discuss the conditions for long term survival of all population. We analyze different types of bifurcations at the various steady states. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate our obtained results.
