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[学术文献 ] Mechanisms of Microbial VOC-Mediated Communication in Plant Ecosystems and Agricultural Applications 进入全文
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 期刊
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) are crucial to the ecological interactions of plants and microbes, playing pivotal roles in plant defence, communication, and growth promotion. The classification, biosynthesis, and emission processes of mVOCs, and their multifaced functions and activities within plant ecosystems have been extensively studied. Moreover, the signalling pathways that enable mVOCs-mediated communication between plants and their surrounding environment are explored. The mVOCs are critical in mediating interactions with biotic and abiotic stressors, including plant pathogens and environmental changes. These interactions contribute to enhanced plant resilience and foster beneficial ecological interactions. Biotechnological mVOCs have great potential in sustainable agriculture, especially natural pest management and crop protection. These applications include various disease control strategies, such as biosensors, highlighting the crucial role of mVOCs in promoting natural pest control and supporting sustainable development growth. In this review, we explored the functions of mVOCs, mechanisms of action, and the types of interactions. We also discussed recent developments in their use and the challenges involved. We discussed the ethical and regulatory issues related to using mVOCs in agriculture biotechnology and their potential effects on human health and the environment. Finally, we highlight research gaps to fully leverage mVOC functions for sustainable plant production and ecological health.
[学术文献 ] Effect of defense enzyme activities, endogenous SA and MeSA in tea plants on the host adaptability of Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 进入全文
Crop Protection 期刊
Toxoptera aurantii, a predominant pest species on tea plants, significantly hinders both the yield and quality of tea production. Elucidating the factors influencing host adaptability is a crucial approach for effectively managing T. aurantii proliferation. This study assessed the adaptability of T. aurantii to seven different tea cultivars using an age-stage, two-sex life table. Furthermore, the variations in the activities of PPO, POD, PAL, and SOD, along with the differences in the levels of SA, MeSA, and catechins, were compared between susceptible (HJY) and resistant (QC1 and QC10) cultivars. The study revealed significant disparities in the adaptability of T. aurantii to different tea cultivars. On HJY, aphids exhibited the shortest developmental duration, the longest total lifespan, and the maximum reproductive quantity; in contrast, these metrics were reduced on QC1 and QC10. Moreover, following the infestation by T. aurantii, the activities of PPO, POD, PAL, and SOD in tea plants exhibited a marked increase. The activities of POD and SOD in QC1 were significantly higher than those in HJY and QC10, while the increase in PAL activity in QC1 and QC10 far surpassed that in HJY. Notably, lower levels of SA, MeSA, and catechins were observed in HJY compared to those in QC1 and QC10. This study offers an initial elucidation of the factors affecting the host adaptability of T. aurantii, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for screening aphid-resistant tea germplasms.
[学术文献 ] A defensive pathway from NAC and TCP transcription factors activates a BAHD acyltransferase for (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate biosynthesis to resist herbivore in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) 进入全文
New Phytologist 期刊
Numerous herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play important roles in plant defense. In tea plants (Camellia sinensis), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (3-HAC) has been characterized as associated with resistance to herbivores. To date, how tea plants biosynthesize and regulate 3-HAC to resist herbivores remain unclear. Based on transcriptomes assembled from Ectropis obliqua-fed leaves, a cDNA encoding BAHD acyltransferase, namely CsCHAT1, was highly induced in leaves fed with E. obliqua. Enzymatic assays showed that CsCHAT1 converted (Z)-3-hexenol into 3-HAC. Further suppression of CsCHAT1 expression reduced the accumulation of 3-HAC and lowered the resistance of tea plants to E. obliqua, while 3-HAC replenishment rescued the reduced resistance of CsCHAT1-silenced tea plants against E. obliqua. Two transcription factors (TFs), CsNAC30 and CsTCP11, were co-expressed with CsCHAT1. An integrative approach of biochemistry, DNA–protein interaction, gene silencing, and metabolic profiling revealed that the two TFs positively regulated the expression of CsCHAT1. The suppression of either one decreased the production of 3-HAC and eliminated the resistance of tea plants to E. obliqua. Notably, the suppression of either one considerably impaired JA-induced 3-HAC biosynthesis in tea plant. The proposed pathway can be targeted for innovative agro-biotechnologies protecting tea plants from damage by E. obliqua.
[学术文献 ] Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses 进入全文
Biological Reviews 期刊
In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these stresses, but instead have developed strategies to overcome them or to compensate for the consequences of stress exposure. Defence can take place at different levels and the mechanisms involved are thought to differ in efficiency across these levels. To minimise metabolic constraints and to reduce the costs of stress defence, plants prioritise first-line defence strategies in the apoplastic space, involving ascorbate, defensins and small peptides, as well as secondary metabolites, before cellular processes are affected. In addition, a large number of different symplastic mechanisms also provide efficient stress defence, including chemical antioxidants, antioxidative enzymes, secondary metabolites, defensins and other peptides as well as proteins. At both the symplastic and the apoplastic level of stress defence and compensation, a number of specialised transporters are thought to be involved in exchange across membranes that still have not been identified, and information on the regeneration of different defence compounds remains ambiguous. In addition, strategies to overcome and compensate for stress exposure operate not only at the cellular, but also at the organ and whole-plant levels, including stomatal regulation, and hypersensitive and systemic responses to prevent or reduce the spread of stress impacts within the plant. Defence can also take place at the ecosystem level by root exudation of signalling molecules and the emission of volatile organic compounds, either directly or indirectly into the rhizosphere and/or the aboveground atmosphere. The mechanisms by which plants control the production of these compounds and that mediate perception of stressful conditions are still not fully understood. Here we summarise plant defence strategies from the cellular to ecosystem level, discuss their advantages and disadvantages for plant growth and development, elucidate the current state of research on the transport and regeneration capacity of defence metabolites, and outline insufficiently explored questions for further investigation.
[学术文献 ] Diverse roles of phytohormonal signaling in modulating plant–virus interactions 进入全文
Journal of Experimental Botany 期刊
Virus infection brings about changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome status of the infected plant, wherein substantial alterations in the abundance of phytohormones and associated components involved in their signaling pathways have been observed. In recent years, extensive research in the field of plant virology has showcased the indisputable significance of phytohormone signaling during plant–virus interactions. Apart from acting as growth regulators, phytohormones elicit a robust immune response, which restricts viral multiplication within the plant and propagation by vectors. Interestingly, these pathways have been shown to act not only as isolated mechanisms but also as complex intertwined regulatory cascades where the crosstalk among different phytohormones and with other antiviral pathways takes place during plant–virus interaction. Viruses disrupt phytohormone homeostasis via their multifunctional effectors, which seems to be a ‘smart’ approach adopted by viruses to circumvent phytohormone-mediated plant immune responses. In this review, we summarize current understanding of role of phytohormone signaling pathways during plant–virus interactions in activating plant antiviral immune responses and how viruses exploit these signaling pathways to favor their pathogenesis.
[学术文献 ] Development of a Novel Attractant-Baited Sticky Board and Its Application for the Highly Efficient Control of Aleurocanthus spiniferus in Tea Plantations 进入全文
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology 期刊
Aleurocanthus spiniferus is an important tea plant pest globally. The effective chemical control of the whitefly is challenging due to its overlapping generations of a large individual number of minuscule wax-covered nymphs and pupae inhabiting the underside of mature leaves within shaded tea bushes. Moreover, the pandemic of tea sooty mold always occurs with its outbreaks. After emergence, whitefly adults engage in mating, ovipositing, excreting honeydew, piercing, and sucking on tea shoots. Our study showed that whitefly adults highly preferred the jasmine yellow sticky boards, each baited with a tea plant volatiles-based 6-component attractant lure (60 mg loading) consisting of benzaldehyde, 1-hexanol, methyl salicylate, trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and linalool at a 1:2:4:4:7:12 ratio, denoted as the Aleurocanthus spiniferus attractant with a sticky jasmine yellow board (ASASJYB). The effective trapping distance of ASASJYBs was determined to be 12 m, with whitefly adult catches on each board ranging from dozens to 40,000 individuals within several days. Trapping by ASASJYBs could accurately predict the beginning, peak, and ending periods of the emergence and also catch significant numbers of the gravid females. From end March to early April, application of ASASJYBs at a rate of 225 traps per ha in tea plantations could catch the most overwintering-generation adults and consequently suppress the whole year’s whitefly nymph and pupal populations below the control threshold. In main Chinese tea-growing regions, ASASJYBs have been widely used to control the whiteflies efficiently and in an eco-friendly manner.
