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[学术文献 ] Plant volatile organic compounds: Emission and perception in a changing world 进入全文
Current Opinion in Plant Biology 期刊
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by all kingdoms of life and play crucial roles in mediating the communication between organisms and their environment through emission and perception. Plants, in particular, produce and emit an exceptional variety of VOCs that together serve as a complex chemical language facilitating intra-plant, inter-plant, plant–animal, and plant–microbe interactions. VOC signals are perceived and decrypted by receiver plants; however, the emission, composition, distribution and effective range, as well as uptake of these infochemicals depend on temperature and atmospheric chemistry in addition to their physicochemical properties. Since both emission and perception are directly affected by ongoing climate change, research into these processes is urgently needed to develop mitigation strategies against this threat to plant communication networks. In this brief review, we highlight the recent advances about plant VOC emission and perception, emphasizing the effect of the current climate crisis on these processes. Despite some progress in understanding VOC emission and perception, significant gaps remain in elucidating their molecular mechanisms in plants.
[学术文献 ] Plant Volatile Organic Compounds: Revealing the Hidden Interactions 进入全文
Plant-Basel 期刊
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), classified as secondary or specialized metabolites, are essential for plant health. Plant volatiles are intricate, multi-faceted signals frequently utilized by pollinators alongside other cues, such as color. Although the entire plant, from roots to seeds to stems to leaves and fruits, produces VOCs, the flowers release the most significant quantity and number of these compounds. Scent is a powerful tool for floral visitors. They can use it to gauge the quantity of reward in flowers, identify which flowers to visit, or send signals chemically similar to those pollinating insects employed in other environments. Plants emit VOCs subterraneously to sense their surrounding community, strategize for or evade competition with adjoining flora, and serve as alert signals to proximate plants under specific circumstances. Furthermore, climate change (e.g., increased temperatures, drought stress, raised CO2, and O3) has significantly affected plant quality and the interactions between plants and their environment, both subterranean and aerial. There is still much mystery surrounding the functions of these compounds in plant interactions, biotic stress, and abiotic stress. Several reviews and research articles in this Special Issue focused on the function of plant volatiles in different plant and human lifecycles.
[学术文献 ] An insect pheromone primes tolerance of herbivory in goldenrod plants 进入全文
Ecology 期刊
Environmental cues that predict increased risk of herbivory can prime plant defenses; however, few studies have explored how such cues elicit broader plant responses, including potential effects on plant growth and other resource allocations that may affect tolerance to herbivore damage. We exposed goldenrod plants (Solidago altissima) to varying concentrations of the putative sex pheromone of a gall-inducing herbivore, which has previously been implicated in defense priming. In experiments with two plant genotypes and three herbivore populations, any level of exposure to the pheromone enhanced tolerance of galling, rescuing flower production to levels observed for ungalled plants. Exposure to low doses of the pheromone elicited greater resistance to galling than exposure to high doses, with unexposed plants exhibiting intermediate resistance, suggesting a nonlinear relationship between exposure and defense priming. These findings suggest plant responses to environmental cues associated with biotic stressors are broader and more complex than previously appreciated.
[学术文献 ] Cracking the plant VOC sensing code and its practical applications 进入全文
Trends in Plant Science 期刊
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential airborne mediators of interactions between plants. These plant–plant interactions require sophisticated VOC-sensing mechanisms that enable plants to regulate their defenses against pests. However, these interactions are not limited to specific plants or even conspecifics, and can function in very flexible interactions between plants. Sensing and responding to VOCs in plants is finely controlled by their uptake and transport systems as well as by cellular signaling via, for example, chromatin remodeling system-based transcriptional regulation for defense gene activation. Based on the accumulated knowledge about the interactions between plants and their major VOCs, companion plants and biostimulants are being developed for practical applications in agricultural and horticultural pest control, providing a sustainable alternative to harmful chemicals.
[学术文献 ] Effects of Geraniol on Survival, Reproduction, Endophytes, and Transcriptome of Tea Green Leafhoppers (Empoasca onukii) 进入全文
Agronomy-Basel 期刊
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) serve as powerful defense mechanisms that help plants mitigate pest-induced stress. Geraniol is a HIPV released by tea leaves in response to damage inflicted by tea green leafhoppers. In order to investigate whether the release of geraniol is a defensive mechanism of tea plants against infestation by tea green leafhoppers, our study explored the effects of geraniol on tea green leafhoppers, including the selectivity of tea green leafhoppers’ response to geraniol, survival and reproductive parameters, as well as alterations in endophytes and the transcriptome. The findings indicated that while geraniol did not exhibit strong repellent or lethal effects on tea green leafhoppers, it significantly reduced the egg-laying and hatching rates. Through 16S rRNA microbial sequencing, we found that geraniol treatment significantly altered the composition of endophytic microbial communities in tea green leafhoppers, potentially affecting their metabolic functions. Transcriptome analysis further showed that genes associated with energy metabolism, such as glutamate dehydrogenase, were significantly upregulated in response to geraniol, suggesting that tea green leafhoppers may enhance energy metabolism to counteract geraniol-induced stress. Additionally, the downregulation of antimicrobial peptide-related signaling pathways suggests that geraniol may weaken the immune capacity of tea green leafhoppers, potentially reducing their resistance to pathogens. These findings indicate that the strategic application of geraniol could be a promising approach to controlling tea green leafhopper populations. This study enhances our understanding of the insect-resistant mechanisms of HIPVs and provides new insights into environmentally sustainable pest management strategies for tea plantations.
[学术文献 ] Characterization of feeding damage by tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Hainan Dayezhong tea cultivar 进入全文
Frontiers in Plant Science 期刊
The tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae), is a devastating piercing-sucking pest in tropical tea plantations. The Hainan Dayezhong (HNDYZ) is a large-leaf tea cultivar widely cultivated around the Hainan tea region in South China. However, information regarding the feeding damage of H. theivora on the HNDYZ tea plant remains scarce. Here, we first describe the morphology of H. theivora in Hainan tea region. Subsequently, we investigate the feeding biology of H. theivora on HNDYZ tea shoots under laboratory conditions. Additionally, we survey the infestations of H. theivora in a small-leaf Jinxuan tea plantation and three large-leaf HNDYZ tea plantations under varying shaded conditions. The results indicated that the morphological features of eggs, nymphs, and adults of H. theivora in the Hainan tea region were similar to those of the same species reported in other tropical tea regions. Nymphs and adults of H. theivora primarily fed on tender leaves and produced a subcircular spot within 2 to 4 minutes. This feeding spot would gradually turn dark brown within 24 hours. Furthermore, the adjacent scattered spots would connect after 48 hours, resulting in a necrotic patch on the leaves by 72 hours. The peak feeding time for H. theivora occurred at night, specifically from 7:00 PM to 1:00 AM. The most preferred feeding site was at the second leaf position, accounting for 70.94 ± 3.68% of daily feeding spots. During the feeding peak, adults H. theivora produced more feeding spots than nymphs, with females and 5th-instar nymphs creating the largest feeding areas among all life stages. Field investigations showed that damage caused by H. theivora on the large-leaf HNDYZ tea cultivar was significantly greater than that on the small-leaf Jinxuan tea cultivar. More serious infestations of H. theivora were observed in the high-shade HNDYZ tea plantation compared to the medium-shade and no-shade HNDYZ tea plantations. This suggests that the different tea cultivars and shade conditions in tea plantations may influence the population of H. theivora in the field. These findings provide new insights for further research related to the feeding strategy of H. theivora on the HNDYZ tea cultivar.
