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[学术文献 ] Advancement and challenges in tea brewing: The dynamic principles, influencing factors, innovative processing technologies and pollutants 进入全文
Trends in Food Science & Technology 期刊
According to brewing kinetics, more efficient brewing would be achieved by providing enough space for tea to swell (such as reducing the single tea particle size and the height of tea bed). Meanwhile, Non-fermented and lightly-fermented teas were recommended to be brewed with low total dissolved solids (TDS) and weakly acidic water, and higher fermented teas should be brewed with higher TDS water. Temperature, time and water/tea ratio affect the overall quality of tea infusion by affecting the leaching and conversion of tea polyphenols, caffeine and theanine. Moreover, innovative CBT processing technologies have been collated, including DLC, UAE, HHP, etc. In view of the above, an interconnected framework “brewing kinetics principles - key influencing factors - brewing technologies” was proposed, which lays a foundation for the brewing technologies. Based on this framework, the possible future research orientation was also prospected in this review, especially in the aspects of healthy activity, nanoparticles and additives.
[学术文献 ] An Electronic Nose Technology to Quantify Pyrethroid Pesticide Contamination in Tea 进入全文
Chemosensors 期刊
The contamination of tea with toxic pesticides is a major concern. Additionally, because of improved detection methods, importers are increasingly rejecting contaminated teas. Here, we describe an electronic nose technique for the rapid detection of pyrethroid pesticides (cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and fenpropathrin) in tea. Using a PEN 3 electronic nose, the text screened a group of metal oxide sensors and determined that four of them (W5S, W1S, W1W, and W2W) are suitable for the detection of the same pyrethroid pesticide in different concentrations and five of them (W5S, W1S, W1W, W2W, and W2S) are suitable for the detection of pyrethroid pesticide. The models for the determination of cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and fenpropathrin are established by PLS method. Next, using back propagation (BP) neural network technology, we developed a three-hidden-layer model and a two-hidden-layer model to differentiate among the three pesticides. The accuracy of the three models is 96%, 92%, and 88%, respectively. The recognition accuracies of the three-hidden-layer BP neural network pattern and two-hidden-layer BP neural network pattern are 98.75% and 97.08%, respectively. Our electronic nose system accurately detected and quantified pyrethroid pesticides in tea leaves. We propose that this tool is now ready for practical application in the tea industry.
[学术文献 ] Optimizing the size of mesoporous silica nano-delivery system enhances the absorption, transport, and retention of pesticides in tea plants 进入全文
Industrial Crops and Products 期刊
We synthesized mesoporous silica nano-delivery systems with mean diameters of 27, 54, and 114 nm to encapsulate acetamiprid and investigated their uptake, translocation, and distribution following foliar application in tea plants. Among these, the 54 nm nano-delivery system exhibited superior absorption and transport capacity, allowing it to enter cells, whereas nano-delivery systems of other sizes demonstrated limited cellular uptake. As a result, only the 54 nm nano-delivery system effectively penetrated vascular tissue via the symplastic pathway, reaching the stem and predominantly accumulating in the xylem. Interestingly, nano-delivery systems within the vascular tissue retained the capacity to release acetamiprid, potentially facilitating continuous absorption and transport of acetamiprid within the tea plants. This feature is crucial for combating piercing-sucking pests that feed on plant sap by piercing the host plant's vascular tissue. These findings pave the way for designing nano-delivery systems with optimal particle sizes to enhance pesticide absorption, transportation, and persistence, thus achieving long-term control of piercing-sucking pests and increasing yields of tea plants.
[学术文献 ] Not just flavor: Insights into the metabolism of tea plants 进入全文
Current Opinion in Plant Biology 期刊
Tea, one of the world's most popular beverages, boasts a rich cultural history and distinctive flavor profiles. With advances in genomics and plant metabolism research, significant progress has been made in understanding the biosynthetic pathways and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Tea metabolites play a pivotal role in determining tea flavor, and functional properties, while also being closely tied to the plant's stress resistance, environmental adaptability, and other newly discovered biological functions. In recent years, research has expanded beyond the well-characterized metabolites, such as catechins, l-theanine, and caffeine, to include volatile compounds, hormones, photosynthetic pigments, lignin, and other recently discovered metabolites, shedding new light on the intricate tea plant metabolism. This review highlights the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of key metabolites in tea plants, with a focus on the critical enzyme genes and regulatory factors. Additionally, emerging technologies and methodologies applied in tea plant metabolism research are briefly introduced. By further exploring the biological functions of tea metabolites and their upstream regulatory networks, future studies may offer theoretical insights and technological support for tea plant cultivation, tea quality improvement, and the sustainable development of the tea industry.
[学术文献 ] Smart Agricultural Pest Detection Using I-YOLOv10-SC: An Improved Object Detection Framework 进入全文
Agronomy-Besal 期刊
Aiming at the problems of insufficient detection accuracy and high false detection rates of traditional pest detection models in the face of small targets and incomplete targets, this study proposes an improved target detection network, I-YOLOv10-SC. The network leverages Space-to-Depth Convolution to enhance its capability in detecting small insect targets. The Convolutional Block Attention Module is employed to improve feature representation and attention focus. Additionally, Shape Weights and Scale Adjustment Factors are introduced to optimize the loss function. The experimental results show that compared with the original YOLOv10, the model generated by the improved algorithm improves the accuracy by 5.88 percentage points, the recall rate by 6.67 percentage points, the balance score by 6.27 percentage points, the mAP value by 4.26 percentage points, the bounding box loss by 18.75%, the classification loss by 27.27%, and the feature point loss by 8%. The model oscillation has also been significantly improved. The enhanced I-YOLOv10-SC network effectively addresses the challenges of detecting small and incomplete insect targets in tea plantations, offering high precision and recall rates, thus providing a solid technical foundation for intelligent pest monitoring and precise prevention in smart tea gardens.
[学术文献 ] Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals the Defense Response of Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) to Toxoptera aurantii 进入全文
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 期刊
The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a unique beverage crop worldwide, but its yield and quality are adversely affected by Toxoptera aurantii. However, the response mechanisms of tea plants to T. aurantii stress remain poorly known. Herein, we present the life table of T. aurantii on resistant (W016) and susceptible (HJY) tea cultivars, demonstrating that the fitness of T. aurantii on W016 was lower than that on HJY. Integrated metabolic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that T. aurantii feeding activated pathways associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Notably, T. aurantii feeding significantly upregulated the levels of brassinolide and p-coumaryl alcohol in W016 but not in HJY. Furthermore, in vitro enzymatic assays indicated that C. sinensis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CsCAD1) catalyzes the formation of p-coumaryl alcohol participation in lignin synthesis. Our findings highlight the role of brassinolide-mediated lignin biosynthesis of the tea plant in response to T. aurantii feeding.
