Improving Energy Efficiency in Craiova, Romania

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作者：

Mot, Manuela

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24363

关键词：

ACCESSIBILITY;  AIR;  AIR CONDITIONING;  AIRCRAFT;  AIRPORT;  ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE;  AUTOMOBILE;  BIKE LANES;  BIO-FUELS;  BIOFUELS;  BIOGAS;  BIOMASS;  BUS;  BUS FLEET;  BUS LANES;  BUS ROUTE;  BUS STOP;  BUS STOPS;  BUSES;  CALCULATION;  CAPACITY OF HEAT;  CAR;  CAR USE;  CARBON;  CARBON EMISSIONS;  CARS;  CITIES;  CITY AUTHORITIES;  CITY BUS;  CITY STREETS;  CLEAN ENERGY;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATIC CONDITIONS;  CO;  COAL;  COAL MINES;  COLD WINTERS;  COMMUTERS;  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK;  DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM;  DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS;  DISTRICT HEATING;  DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS;  DISTRICT HEATING SECTOR;  DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM;  DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS;  DRIVERS;  DRIVING;  EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT;  ELDERLY PEOPLE;  ELECTRICAL POWER;  ELECTRICAL POWER SECTOR;  ELECTRICITY;  ELECTRICITY BILLS;  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION;  ELECTRICITY PRICES;  ELECTRICITY SECTOR;  ELECTRICITY SYSTEM;  EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSES;  ENERGY AUDIT;  ENERGY AUDITS;  ENERGY BALANCE;  ENERGY CONSERVATION;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY COST SAVINGS;  ENERGY COSTS;  ENERGY DEMAND;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY INTERVENTIONS;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES;  ENERGY EXPENDITURE;  ENERGY EXPENDITURES;  ENERGY INPUT;  ENERGY INTENSITY;  ENERGY INTENSIVE;  ENERGY LOSS;  ENERGY MARKET;  ENERGY POLICIES;  ENERGY PRICE;  ENERGY PRODUCTION;  ENERGY SAVINGS;  ENERGY SECTOR;  ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE;  ENERGY SOURCES;  ENERGY TRANSMISSION;  ENERGY USE;  FLOOR AREA;  FUEL;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  FUEL COSTS;  GARBAGE COLLECTION;  GASES;  GENERATION;  GHG;  GOLD;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  HEAT;  HEAT EXCHANGERS;  HEAT PRODUCTION;  HEAT SUPPLY;  HEATING SYSTEM;  HEAVY TRAFFIC;  HIGH ENERGY;  HOT WATER;  HOT WATER SUPPLY;  HYDRO POWER;  HYDRO POWER PLANTS;  HYDROPOWER;  ILLUMINATION;  IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  INCOME;  INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT;  LANDFILL;  MEMBER STATES;  MERCURY;  MODAL SPLIT;  MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES;  MUNICIPAL SERVICE;  NATIONAL GRID;  NATURAL GAS;  NEIGHBORHOODS;  OIL;  OIL EQUIVALENT;  PASSENGERS;  PEAK TIMES;  PEDESTRIAN;  PEDESTRIAN AREAS;  PEDESTRIAN NETWORK;  PEDESTRIAN PATHS;  PEOPLE WALKING;  PETROLEUM;  PIPELINE;  POLLUTION;  POPULATION DENSITY;  POWER;  POWER CONSUMPTION;  POWER PLANT;  POWER PRODUCTION;  POWER SECTOR;  POWER SECTORS;  POWER SOURCES;  POWER SUPPLY;  PRICE OF ELECTRICITY;  PRIMARY ELECTRICITY;  PRIMARY ENERGY;  PRIMARY ENERGY SAVINGS;  PRIMARY SOURCES;  PRIVATE VEHICLE;  PRIVATE VEHICLES;  PRODUCTION OF ENERGY;  PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATORS;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLES;  PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION;  PUBLIC VEHICLES;  RAILWAY;  RAPID TRANSIT;  REDUCING ENERGY USE;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCERS;  RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES;  RENEWABLE FUELS;  RENEWABLE SOURCES;  RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS;  RESIDENTIAL HOUSING;  RETROFITTING;  ROAD;  ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE;  ROADS;  ROUTE;  ROUTES;  SAFETY;  SEWAGE TREATMENT;  SODIUM;  SOLAR ENERGY;  SOLAR ENERGY FACILITIES;  SOLAR PANELS;  SOLID WASTE;  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT;  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS;  STREET LIGHTING;  STREET LIGHTS;  STREETS;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  SUSTAINABLE ENERGY;  TAX;  TAX EXEMPTIONS;  THERMAL EFFICIENCY;  THERMAL ENERGY;  THERMAL POWER;  THERMAL POWER PLANTS;  TRAFFIC CONGESTION;  TRAFFIC LIGHTS;  TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT;  TRAFFIC RESTRAINT;  TRAM;  TRAM SYSTEM;  TRANSPARENCY;  TRANSPORT ALTERNATIVES;  TRANSPORT SECTOR;  TRANSPORTATION;  TRIP;  TRIPS;  TRUCKS;  UNDERGROUND;  URBAN AREA;  URBAN AREAS;  URBAN EXPANSION;  URBAN POPULATION;  URBAN SPRAWL;  URBAN TRANSPORT;  UTILITIES;  VEHICLE USAGE;  VEHICLES;  VOLTAGE;  WEALTH;  WHOLESALE TRADE;  WIND;  WIND ENERGY;  WIND FACILITIES;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2013

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The main impetus for this report (and for the reports prepared for the other six growth poles) is a request received from the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration. The request came within the context of on-going preparations for the 2014-2020 Programming period, with Energy Efficiency being one the major themes of the Europe 2020 strategy, and a critical priority for all EU Member Countries. Within Romania, local authorities that will want to access energy efficiency funds under the 2014-2020 Regional Operational Program will need to first prepare energy efficiency strategies. The TRACE tool is specifically targeted at local authorities, and is a good instrument for drafting such strategies. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began its transition from a centralized system to a market-based economy. Today the country is a member of the European Union (EU) and NATO. After more than a decade of economic restructuring and political change, the country has taken significant steps toward catching up with the economic performance of more developed EU countries. Although radical reforms brought about significant changes in recent years, the standard of living of Romanians is still behind the EU average. The transition period after the end of the communist regime has led to significant changes in the social and economic life of the residents of Craiova. Some of these developments have positively affected people's life, whereas a few came along with inconveniences and difficulties. During the first years of transition the city attracted people from parts of Dolj County and from elsewhere in Romania. This process led to severe de-population in the rural areas of Dolj County. At the same time, due to economic constraints, some of the urban population of Craiova moved to the wider metropolitan area. Like every other city in the country, municipal buildings in Craiova require proper measures toward improving energy efficiency - particularly in health care and education facilities managed by the city government. A benchmarking of the municipal building stock, along with audit and retrofit measures, should be performed in order to identify the highest energy savings potential and proper intervention measures. As for the water sector, although the system covers the entire city and most of the households in Craiova have water meters, there are high losses in the network. In addition, in order to improve the overall efficiency of the water system, oversized pumps needs to be replaced with smaller, energy-efficient ones. Finally, although selective collection has been implemented in Craiova, there is more that can be done about improving recycling rates.