Improving Energy Efficiency in Cluj-Napoca, Romania

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作者：

Mot, Manuela

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24366

关键词：

AIR;  AIR CONDITIONING;  APPROACH;  AVAILABILITY;  BICYCLES;  BIKE LANES;  BIO-FUELS;  BIOFUELS;  BIOGAS;  BIOMASS;  BOILERS;  BURNERS;  BUS;  BUS FLEET;  BUS LANES;  BUS OPERATORS;  BUSES;  CALCULATION;  CAR;  CAR USE;  CARS;  CENTRAL HEATING;  CITIES;  CITY AUTHORITIES;  CITY BUS;  CITY STREETS;  CITY TRAFFIC;  CLEAN ENERGY;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATIC CONDITIONS;  CO;  COAL;  COGENERATION;  COLD WINTERS;  COMMUTERS;  CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS;  CONVENTIONAL ENERGY;  COOLING;  DAILY TRIPS;  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK;  DISTRICT HEATING;  DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS;  DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM;  DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS;  DRIVERS;  DRIVING;  EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT;  ELECTRICAL POWER;  ELECTRICITY;  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION;  ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION;  ELECTRICITY PRICES;  ELECTRICITY TARIFFS;  EMISSIONS;  EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSES;  ENERGY AUDITS;  ENERGY BALANCE;  ENERGY CONSERVATION;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY COST;  ENERGY COST SAVINGS;  ENERGY COSTS;  ENERGY DEMAND;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY FUNDS;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY INTERVENTIONS;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS;  ENERGY EXPENDITURE;  ENERGY INPUT;  ENERGY INTENSITY;  ENERGY PLANTS;  ENERGY POLICIES;  ENERGY PRICE;  ENERGY PRODUCTION;  ENERGY SAVING;  ENERGY SAVINGS;  ENERGY SECTOR;  ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE;  ENERGY SOURCE;  ENERGY SOURCES;  ENERGY SUPPLIERS;  ENERGY SUPPLY;  ENERGY TRANSMISSION;  ENERGY USE;  FERMENTATION;  FLOOR AREA;  FUEL;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  FUEL COSTS;  GARBAGE COLLECTION;  GAS;  GAS CONSUMPTION;  GAS PRODUCER;  GASES;  GENERATION;  GHG;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  HEAT;  HEAT DEMAND;  HEAT GENERATION;  HEAT METERS;  HEAT PRODUCTION;  HEAT PUMPS;  HEAT TARIFF;  HEATING ENERGY;  HEAVY TRAFFIC;  HIGH ENERGY;  HIGH FUEL CONSUMPTION;  HOT WATER;  HYDRO-POWER;  HYDROPOWER;  IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT;  INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT;  LANDFILL;  LIGHT TURNS;  MERCURY;  MODAL SPLIT;  MUNICIPAL SERVICE;  NATIONAL GRID;  NATURAL GAS;  NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION;  NATURAL GAS PRICES;  NEIGHBORHOODS;  OIL;  OIL COMPANY;  OIL EQUIVALENT;  PEDESTRIAN;  PEDESTRIAN NETWORK;  PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS;  PIPELINE;  POLLUTION;  POPULATION DENSITY;  POWER;  POWER CONSUMPTION;  POWER GENERATION;  POWER PRODUCTION;  POWER SECTOR;  POWER SECTORS;  POWER SOURCES;  POWER STATIONS;  POWER SUPPLY;  POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM;  PRICE OF ELECTRICITY;  PRIMARY ENERGY;  PRIMARY ENERGY SAVINGS;  PRIMARY SOURCES;  PRIVATE TRANSPORT;  PRIVATE VEHICLE;  PRIVATE VEHICLES;  PRODUCTION OF ENERGY;  PUBLIC PARKING;  PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS;  PUBLIC TRANSIT;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATORS;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS;  PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION;  PUBLIC UTILITIES;  RAIL;  RAIL CONNECTION;  REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCERS;  RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION;  RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES;  RENEWABLE FUELS;  RENEWABLE SOURCES;  RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS;  RETROFITTING;  RING ROAD;  RING ROADS;  ROAD NETWORK;  ROLLING STOCK;  ROUTE;  ROUTES;  SAFETY;  SEWAGE TREATMENT;  SODIUM;  SOLAR ENERGY;  SOLAR ENERGY FACILITIES;  SOLAR PANELS;  SOLAR THERMAL;  SOLID WASTE;  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT;  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS;  STREET LIGHTING;  STREET TRAFFIC;  STREETS;  SUSTAINABLE ENERGY;  TAX;  TAX EXEMPTIONS;  TEMPERATURE;  THERMAL ENERGY;  THERMAL PLANT;  THERMAL POWER;  THERMAL POWER PLANT;  THERMAL POWER PLANTS;  THERMAL SYSTEM;  TRAFFIC CONGESTION;  TRAFFIC FLOW;  TRAFFIC LIGHTS;  TRAFFIC RESTRAINT;  TRAM;  TRANSPORT ALTERNATIVES;  TRANSPORT MODES;  TRANSPORT NETWORK;  TRANSPORT SECTOR;  TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM;  TRIP;  TRUCKS;  TURBINES;  UNDERGROUND;  URBAN AREA;  URBAN AREAS;  URBAN CENTERS;  URBAN EXPANSION;  URBAN SPRAWL;  URBAN TRANSPORT;  VEHICLE USAGE;  VEHICLES;  VOLTAGE;  WALKING;  WIND;  WIND ENERGY;  WIND FACILITIES;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2013

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The main impetus for this report (and for the reports prepared for the other six growth poles) is a request received from the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration. The request came within the context of on-going preparations for the 2014-2020 programming period, with energy efficiency being one the major themes of the Europe 2020 strategy, and a critical priority for all EU member countries. Within Romania, local authorities that will want to access energy efficiency funds under the 2014-2020 Regional Operational Program will need to first prepare energy efficiency strategies. The TRACE tool is specifically targeted at local authorities, and is a good instrument for drafting such strategies after the 1989 Revolution; Romania began its transition from a centralized system to a market-run economy. Today the country is a member of the European Union (EU) and NATO. After more than a decade of economic restructuring and political change, the country has taken significant steps to catch up with the economic performance of more developed EU countries. Although radical reforms brought about significant changes, the standard of living of Romanians is still behind the EU average. Cluj-Napoca (Cluj) is one of cities where such disparities are less pronounced, as the region is more developed and prosperous than most regions in the country. Cluj has developed quite well in the past few years, and it has become one of the most flourishing cities in the country, having a good growing potential. At present, the city is an important economic center, home to several local brands that have become famous nationwide as well as in Europe. Moreover, Cluj is known today as the 'capital' of the IT sector in the country, due to an aggressive expansion of this field in recent years.