The present invention relates to a C-arm-based medical imaging system, and a method for matching a 2D image and a 3D space. A medical imaging system according to the present invention comprises: a C-arm having an X-ray source and a detector； a first plate which is provided on an X-ray path between the X-ray source and the detector and which has a first optical marker and a first transmitting surface on which a plurality of X-ray opaque first ball markers are provided； a second plate which is provided on the X-ray path between the X-ray source and the detector and which has a second optical marker and a second transmitting surface on which a plurality of X-ray opaque second ball markers are provided； a reference optical marker for providing a 3D reference coordinate system； an optical tracking device for recognizing the locations of the first and second optical markers and the reference optical marker； and a matching unit, which allows the detector to acquire first and second captured images of a subject at different first and second locations, respectively, and which calculates the matching relationship between coordinates on the 3D reference coordinate system and locations on the first and second captured images on the basis of the locations of the first and second ball markers on the first and second captured images and location information obtained from the optical tracking device. The present invention can derive a matching relationship between an image pixel and spatial coordinates from a correlation of the minimum number of C-arm images, that is, C-arm images acquired from at least two random locations, and thus a spatial coordinate-based surgical operation planning and navigation function can be implemented using the minimum number of location-unlimited C-arm images while not forming a 3D voxel.La présente invention concerne un système d'imagerie médicale à base de bras C et un procédé de mise en correspondance d'une image 2D et d'un espace 3D. Un système d'i
