This invention relates to the use of ADNP, ADNP2, and ADNF polypeptides in the treatment of anemia and related conditions. Compositions of the ADNP, ADNP2, or ADNF polypeptides for such use are disclosed. Also provided are methods for concentrating or extracting ADNP, ADNP2, or ADNF polypeptides from dairy products and the use of dairy products in the context of treating anemia.