The present invention provides novel ruthenium compounds of Formula (I): or salts, isomers, hydrates, or solvates thereof, or combinations thereof； wherein E, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X1, and X2 are as defined herein, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Also provided are methods of use and treatment. Such compounds have been found useful in the treatment of malaria infection. Such compounds may also be useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, such as acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which optionally may be associated with a malaria infection.
