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[学术文献 ] QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for Cotton Fiber Quality and Early Maturity Using F2 and F3 Generations 进入全文
PLANTS-BASEL
Cotton is the most important natural fiber-producing crop globally. High-quality fiber and early maturity are equally important breeding goals in the cotton industry. However, it remains challenging to synchronously improve these traits through conventional breeding techniques. To identify additional genetic information relating to fiber quality and early maturity, 11 phenotypic traits for the F2 and F3 generations were tested, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was performed. Candidate genes were analyzed using published RNA-seq datasets and qRT-PCR assays. All 11 tested traits showed bi-directional transgressive segregation, and most traits followed an approximately normal distribution. Overall, significant positive and significant negative correlations were observed among these traits. During cotton breeding, varieties with strong boll-setting ability can be selected from early-maturing materials that have high-quality fiber. A total of 102 QTLs were mapped, including 4 major and 3 stable QTLs. qFL-D13-1 was mapped in both the F2 and F3 generations, achieving a 3.94% to 11.39% contribution rate to the phenotypic variation. Three genes located in the QTL regions were identified based on their high expression levels in the three evaluated RNA-seq datasets. Ghir_A04G014830.1, covered by qHNFFB-A4-1 and qFU-A4-1, encoded ACLA-1. Ghir_D13G015010.1, encoding VTC2, and Ghir_D13G016670.1, encoding GA2OX1, were in the stable QTL qFL-D13-1 region. The qRT-PCR results suggested that these three genes may be involved in regulating seed development, fiber initiation, and fiber elongation. Overall, these findings contribute additional information for the breeding of high-yield, high fiber quality, and early-maturity varieties, as well as serve as a foundation for research on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
[学术文献 ] A large-scale gene co-expression network analysis reveals Glutamate Dehydrogenase 2 (GhGDH2_D03) as a hub regulator of salt and salt-alkali tolerance in cotton 进入全文
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Salt stress and salt-alkali stress significantly inhibit the normal growth and development of plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cotton responses to these stresses is crucial for improve yield and fiber quality. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome dynamics under salt and salt-alkali stress conditions, utilizing 234 RNA-seq datasets compiled from 11 previous studies. After systematic evaluation and correction for batch effects, we observed that root transcriptomes clustered more consistently than leaf transcriptomes across stress treatment and time points. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on 123 root transcriptomes identified three key modules, with their hub genes significantly associated with salt and salt-alkali tolerance. Virus-induced gene silencing assay and RNA-seq analysis indicated that GhGDH2_D03 (Gohir.D03G104800), a module hub gene encoding Glutamate Dehydrogenase 2, positively regulates salt and salt-alkali tolerance in cotton by modulating multiple signaling pathways and metabolic processes, including the ethylene signaling pathway. This study underscores the pivotal role of GhGDH2_D03 in conferring tolerance to salt and salt-alkali stress, in addition to its previous reported involvement in biotic stress defense, providing valuable insights and genetic resources for cotton breeding.
[学术文献 ] Cotton under heat stress: a comprehensive review of molecular breeding, genomics, and multi-omics strategies 进入全文
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
Cotton is a vital fiber crop for the global textile industry, but rising temperatures due to climate change threaten its growth, fiber quality and yields. Heat stress disrupts key physiological and biochemical processes, affecting carbohydrate metabolism, hormone signaling, calcium and gene regulation and expression. This review article explores cotton's defense mechanism against heat stress, including epigenetic regulations and transgenic approaches, with a focus on genome editing tools. Given the limitations of traditional breeding, advanced omics technologies such as GWAS, transcriptomics, proteomics, ionomics, metabolomics, phenomics and CRISPR-Cas9 offer promising solutions for developing heat-resistant cotton varieties. This review highlights the need for innovative strategies to ensure sustainable cotton production under climate change.
[学术文献 ] Identification of Elite Alleles and Candidate Genes for the Cotton Boll Opening Rate via a Genome-Wide Association Study 进入全文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
The boll opening rate (BOR) is an early maturity trait that plays a crucial role in cotton production in China, as BOR has a significant effect on defoliant spraying and picking time of unginned cotton, ultimately determining yield and fiber quality. Therefore, elucidating the genetic basis of BOR and identifying stably associated loci, elite alleles, and potential candidate genes can effectively accelerate the molecular breeding process. In this study, we utilized the mixed linear model (MLM) algorithm to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on 4,452,629 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained through whole-genome resequencing of a natural population of 418 upland cotton accessions and phenotypic BOR data acquired from five environments. A total of 18 SNP loci were identified on chromosome D11 that are stable and significantly associated with BOR in multiple environments. Moreover, a significant SNP peak (23.703-23.826 Mb) was identified, and a GH-D11G2034 gene and favorable allelic variation (GG) related to BOR were found in this genomic region, significantly increasing cotton BOR. Evolutionary studies have shown that GH-D11G2034 may have been subjected to artificial selection throughout the variety selection process. This study provides valuable insights and suggests that the GH-D11G2034 gene and its favorable allelic variation (GG) could be potential targets for molecular breeding to improve BOR in upland cotton. However, further research is needed to validate the function of this gene and explore its potential applications in cotton breeding programs. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of genetic improvement in early maturity and has important implications for the sustainable development of the cotton industry.
[学术文献 ] A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of cotton provides insights into centromere evolution and short-season adaptation 进入全文
NATURE GENETICS
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a key allopolyploid crop with global economic importance. Here we present a telomere-to-telomere assembly of the elite variety Zhongmian 113. Leveraging technologies including PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) ultralong-read sequencing and Hi-C, our assembly surpasses previous genomes in contiguity and completeness, resolving 26 centromeric and 52 telomeric regions, 5S rDNA clusters and nucleolar organizer regions. A phylogenetically recent centromere repositioning on chromosome D08 was discovered specific to G. hirsutum, involving deactivation of an ancestral centromere and the formation of a unique, satellite repeat-based centromere. Genomic analyses evaluated favorable allele aggregation for key agronomic traits and uncovered an early-maturing haplotype derived from an 11 Mb pericentric inversion that evolved early during G. hirsutum domestication. Our study sheds light on the genomic origins of short-season adaptation, potentially involving introgression of an inversion from primitively domesticated forms, followed by subsequent haplotype differentiation in modern breeding programs.
[学术文献 ] An infrared-transparent textile with high drawing processed Nylon 6 nanofibers 进入全文
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Infrared (IR)-transparent radiative cooling textiles show great promise for achieving personal thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption. However, besides a few synthetic fiber materials proposed as IR-transparent textiles, traditional textile materials used to achieve IR transparency have not been realized, impeding large-scale practical applications. Here, based on a common textile material Nylon 6 (PA6), we design a high drawing process with rapid solvent evaporation to achieve IR-transparent PA6 textiles. By altering the chain conformations and crystal structures, the molecular vibrations in the IR region (IR absorption) of PA6 can be significantly weakened. Meanwhile, this process also tailors the fiber to the nanoscale and minimizes IR reflection. Consequently, a human body covered by our textile can stay 2.1 degrees C cooler than with cotton, corresponding to similar to 20% indoor energy savings in cooling. We expect that our work offers an innovative pathway to regulate IR radiation for personal thermal management.
