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[学术文献 ] RNAi-mediated down-regulation of the endogenous GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 genes in transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) enhances the earliness and yield of flower buds 进入全文
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Armadillo BTB Arabidopsis protein 1 (AtABAP1) plays a central role in the cell cycle. ABAP1-interacting protein 10 (AtAIP10, a Snf1 kinase interactor-like protein) is a protein that interacts with AtABAP1. Down-regulation of the AtAIP10 gene in A. thaliana resulted in an altered cell cycle and increased photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, metabolites, plant growth, root system, seed yield, and drought tolerance. Herein, aimed to test whether the down-regulation of GhAIP10 genes can stimulate the cotton plants in a manner similar to those observed in A. thaliana. Cotton transgenic events containing transgenes carrying RNA interfering (RNAi) or artificial miRNA (amiRNA) strategies were successfully generated to down-regulate the endogenous GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 genes. From these 15 transgenic events, five RNAi-based transgenic lines and five amiRNA-based transgenic events were selected for further analyses. The down-regulation of the GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Phenotypic and physiological analyses revealed that these transgenic lines exhibited earlier production and opening of flower buds, increased vegetative growth over time and root biomass, no reduction in susceptibility to root-knot nematodes, and improved drought tolerance indicated by a higher photosynthetic rate and better intrinsic water-use efficiency. Based on the high identity of amino acid sequences, motifs, domains, subcellular localization, tertiary structure, down-regulation of GhABAP1 (partner of GhAIP10), up-regulation of GhCdt1 (a marker of the ABAP1 network), up-regulation of GhCyclinB1 (a marker of the cell cycle), up-regulation of GhAP3 (involved in vegetative to reproductive transition), and the up-regulation of CAB3, NDA1, DJC22, and DNAJ11 genes (involved in plant resilience) suggested that GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 proteins may act in cotton similarly to the AtAIP10 protein in A. thaliana. Furthermore, GhAIP10.1 and GhAIP10.2 genes are suggested as biotechnological targets for cotton genetic engineering based on genome editing.
[学术文献 ] How vacuolar sugar transporters evolve and control cellular sugar homeostasis, organ development and crop yield 进入全文
NATURE PLANTS
Sugar exchange among different subcellular compartments is central for achieving cellular sugar homeostasis and directly affects the yield and quality of many horticultural and field crops. While a portion of photosynthesis-originated sugars is metabolized through glycolysis upon entering the cytosol, the remainder is reversibly channelled to the vacuole, mediated by different families of vacuolar sugar transporter (VST) located on the vacuolar membrane, the tonoplast. Historically, sugar transporters operating on plasma membranes have been studied more than those on tonoplasts. Recently, however, several breakthroughs have shed light on (1) the distinct roles of VSTs in plant development and stress responses and (2) how seemingly unrelated classes of VSTs act together to modulate sugar influx into and efflux from the vacuoles. Here we evaluate these advances, analyse the evolution of VSTs and identify knowledge gaps and future directions for better understanding and manipulation of cytosolic-vacuolar sugar exchange to optimize plant performance.
[学术文献 ] Reveal genomic insights into cotton domestication and improvement using gene level functional haplotype-based GWAS 进入全文
Nature Communications
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used to detect associations between genetic variants and phenotypes. However, few studies have thoroughly analyzed genes, the fundamental and most crucial functional units. Here, we develop an innovative strategy to translate genomic variants into gene-level functional haplotypes (FHs), effectively reducing the interference from complex genome structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) present in the conventional genetic mapping framework. Using refined mixed linear models, gene-level FH is regressed with 20 cotton agronomic traits across 245 sets of phenotypic values in 3,724 accessions, directly identifying 532 quantitative trait genes (QTGs) with significant breeding potential. The biological function of a superior fiber quality QTG encoding ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase 1 is experimentally validated. Thereafter, we systematically analyze the genetic basis of cotton domestication and improvement at the gene level. This report provides genomic insight into the genetic dissection and efficient mapping of functional genes in plants.
[学术文献 ] Coupling effects of silicon and calcium foliar application and potassium soil fertilization on growth and yield production of cotton plants under drought stress conditions 进入全文
SILICON
Drought significantly affects cotton production, decreasing both yield and fiber quality. This study investigated how foliar applications of calcium (Ca) or silicon (Si), along with varying potassium (K) levels in the soil, can improve drought tolerance in cotton. The foliar treatments involved calcium nitrate at 4 g/L or silicon oxide at 1 ml/L, combined with 106.6 and 160 kg K2SO4 ha(-)1 as soil fertilizer. These treatments were compared to potassium-only applications, with irrigation intervals of 30 days during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The 160 kg K2SO4 ha(-)1 treatment notably improved plant growth, including increased plant height, dry weight, leaf area, and the number of fruiting branches, compared to the 106.6 kg K2SO4treatment. It also enhanced chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf phenol and proline levels, and relative water content (RWC). Additionally, the 160 kg K2SO4 ha(-)1 treatment improved yield-related traits, such as the number of open bolls, lint percentage, seed index, and fiber quality, including fiber length, strength, and micronaire. The number of open bolls, lint percentage, and seed index increased by 2.38%, 1.71%, and 1.68% in the first season, and by 4.29%, 1.57%, and 1.38% in the second season, respectively. The combination of Ca or Si foliar applications with K treatments further enhanced plant growth, chlorophyll, antioxidant activity, RWC, seed index, boll weight, and fiber quality. These treatments also raised nutrient levels of N, P, K, Ca, and Si compared to the control. Overall, combining Ca or Si sprays with 160 kg K2SO4 effectively mitigated drought stress and improved cotton growth and productivity.
[学术文献 ] Mapping of cotton bolls and branches with high-granularity through point cloud segmentation 进入全文
PLANT METHODS
High resolution three-dimensional (3D) point clouds enable the mapping of cotton boll spatial distribution, aiding breeders in better understanding the correlation between boll positions on branches and overall yield and fiber quality. This study developed a segmentation workflow for point clouds of 18 cotton genotypes to map the spatial distribution of bolls on the plants. The data processing workflow includes two independent approaches to map the vertical and horizontal distribution of cotton bolls. The vertical distribution was mapped by segmenting bolls using PointNet++ and identifying individual instances through Euclidean clustering. For horizontal distribution, TreeQSM segmented the plant into the main stem and individual branches. PointNet++ and Euclidean clustering were then used to achieve cotton boll instance segmentation. The horizontal distribution was determined by calculating the Euclidean distance of each cotton boll relative to the main stem. Additionally, branch types were classified using point cloud meshing completion and the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm. The results highlight that the accuracy and mean intersection over union (mIoU) of the 2-class segmentation based on PointNet++ reached 0.954 and 0.896 on the whole plant dataset, and 0.968 and 0.897 on the branch dataset, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the boll counting was 0.99 with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 5.4. For the first time, this study accomplished high-granularity spatial mapping of cotton bolls and branches, but directly predicting fiber quality from 3D point clouds remains a challenge. This method provides a promising tool for 3D cotton plant mapping of different genotypes, which potentially could accelerate plant physiological studies and breeding programs.
[学术文献 ] The chimeric gene orf610a reduces cotton pollen fertility by impairing the assembly of ATP synthase 进入全文
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) serves as a pivotal tool for exploiting hybrid vigour and studying nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Despite its long-standing use in cotton breeding, the underlying mechanisms of the CMS-D2 system remain elusive. Our study unravelled the role of the mitochondrial chimeric gene orf610a in reducing fertility in cotton through its interaction with ATP synthase subunit D (atpQ). Using yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular luciferase complementation, and transgenic overexpression studies, we identified a unique interaction between orf610a and atpQ, which disturbs the assembly of ATP synthase. This interaction leads to a decrease in ATP levels, an increase in H2O2 production, and mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are associated with pollen abortion. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses of three independent overexpression lines identified 1711 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 10 were related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP production. Phenotypic analysis confirmed that orf610a expression causes abnormal anther development and reduced pollen viability, contributing to sterility. Notably, SEM and TEM analyses highlighted structural anomalies in the pollen of orf610a-overexpressing lines, supporting the detrimental impacts of altered ATP synthase function. Our findings suggest that orf610a's interaction with ATP synthase components disrupts normal mitochondrial function and energy production, leading to male sterility in cotton. Understanding the molecular interactions involved in CMS can aid in developing strategies to manipulate sterility for crop improvement, offering insights into mitochondrial-nuclear interactions that could impact future breeding programmes.
