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[学术文献 ] Involvement of ethylene receptors in the salt tolerance response of Cucurbita pepo 进入全文
Horticulture Research
Abiotic stresses have a negative effect on crop production, affecting both vegetative and reproductive development. Ethylene plays a relevant role in plant response to environmental stresses, but the specific contribution of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling components in the salt stress response differs between Arabidopsis and rice, the two most studied model plants. In this paper, we study the effect of three gain-of-function mutations affecting the ethylene receptors CpETR1B, CpETR1A, and CpETR2B of Cucurbita pepo on salt stress response during germination, seedling establishment, and subsequent vegetative growth of plants. The mutations all reduced ethylene sensitivity, but enhanced salt tolerance, during both germination and vegetative growth, demonstrating that the three ethylene receptors play a positive role in salt tolerance. Under salt stress, etr1b, etr1a, and etr2b germinate earlier than WT, and the root and shoot growth rates of both seedlings and plants were less affected in mutant than in WT. The enhanced salt tolerance response of the etr2b plants was associated with a reduced accumulation of Na+ in shoots and leaves, as well as with a higher accumulation of compatible solutes, including proline and total carbohydrates, and antioxidant compounds, such as anthocyanin. Many membrane monovalent cation transporters, including Na+/H+ and K+/H+ exchangers (NHXs), K+ efflux antiporters (KEAs), high-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs), and K+ uptake transporters (KUPs) were also highly upregulated by salt in etr2b in comparison with WT. In aggregate, these data indicate that the enhanced salt tolerance of the mutant is led by the induction of genes that exclude Na+ in photosynthetic organs, while maintaining K+/Na+ homoeostasis and osmotic adjustment. If the salt response of etr mutants occurs via the ethylene signalling pathway, our data show that ethylene is a negative regulator of salt tolerance during germination and vegetative growth. Nevertheless, the higher upregulation of genes involved in Ca2+ signalling (CpCRCK2A and CpCRCK2B) and ABA biosynthesis (CpNCED3A and CpNCED3B) in etr2b leaves under salt stress likely indicates that the function of ethylene receptors in salt stress response in C. pepo can be mediated by Ca2+ and ABA signalling pathways.
[学术文献 ] The impaired biosynthetic networks in defective tapetum lead to male sterility in watermelon 进入全文
Journal of Proteomics Available online
Heterosis has been widely applied in watermelon breeding, because of the higher resistance and yield of hybrid. As the basis of heterosis utilization, genic male sterility (GMS) is an important tool for facilitating hybrid seed production, while the detailed mechanism in watermelon is still largely unknown. Here, we report a spontaneous mutant Se18 exhibited complete male sterility due to the uniquely multilayered tapetum and the un-meiotic pollen mother cells during pollen development. Using TMT based quantitative proteomic analyses, a total of 348 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were detected with the overwhelming majority down-regulated in mutant Se18. By analyzing the putative orthologs/homologs of Arabidopsis GMS related genes, the biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin and tryphine precursors were predictably altered in mutant compared to its sibling wild type. Moreover, the general phenylpropanoid pathway as well as its related metabolisms was also expectably impaired in mutant, coincident with the pale yellow petals. Notably, some key transcriptional factors regulating tapetum development, together with their down-regulated targets, offered potentially valuable candidates regarding of male sterility. Collectively, the disrupted regulatory networks underlying male sterility of watermelon was proposed, which provide novel insights into genetic mechanism of male reproductive process and rich gene resources for future research.
[相关专利 ] 基于转录因子基因ZmNAC89开发的与玉米耐盐碱相关的分子标记及其应用 进入全文
佰腾网
本发明公开了一种基于转录因子基因ZmNAC89开发的与玉米耐盐碱相关的分子标记及其应用。本发明通过在不同的玉米自交系中分析受盐碱胁迫诱导表达的NAC转录因子基因ZmNAC89编码区及启动子的序列变异，与自交系的耐盐碱性进行关联分析，挖掘关联位点进而开发出了分子标记DNdCAPS253，其中含有SNP位点，盐碱敏感材料为T，不能被SacII限制性内切酶切开；耐盐碱材料则为C，能被SacII切为两个片段。进一步的，本发明还提出了所述的分子标记在玉米耐盐碱性分子标记辅助育种中的用途，该分子标记在盐碱敏感的自交系的鉴别中检测效率平均是85.65％，本发明的提出为筛选耐盐碱玉米材料提供了新的技术手段。
[学术文献 ] Prunus Hexokinase 3 genes alter primary C-metabolism and promote drought and salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic plants 进入全文
scinetific reports
Hexokinases (HXKs) and fructokinases (FRKs) are the only two families of enzymes in plants that have been identified as able to phosphorylate Glucose (Glc) and Fructose (Fru). Glc can only be phosphorylated in plants by HXKs, while Fru can be phosphorylated by either HXKs or FRKs. The various subcellular localizations of HXKs in plants indicate that they are involved in diverse functions, including anther dehiscence and pollen germination, stomatal closure in response to sugar levels, stomatal aperture and reducing transpiration. Its association with modulating programmed cell death, and responses to oxidative stress and pathogen infection (abiotic and biotic stresses) also have been reported. To extend our understanding about the function of HXK-like genes in the response of Prunus rootstocks to abiotic stress, we performed a detailed bioinformatic and functional analysis of hexokinase 3-like genes (HXK3s) from two Prunus rootstock genotypes, ‘M.2624’ (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh?×?P. munsoniana W.Wight & Hedrick) and ‘M.F12/1’ (P. avium L.), which are tolerant and sensitive to hypoxia stress, respectively. A previous large-scale transcriptome sequencing of roots of these rootstocks, showed that this HXK3-like gene that was highly induced in the tolerant genotype under hypoxia conditions. In silico analysis of gene promoters from M.2624 and M.F12/1 genotypes revealed regulatory elements that could explain differential transcriptional profiles of HXK3 genes. Subcellular localization was determinates by both bioinformatic prediction and expression of their protein fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in protoplasts and transgenic plants of Arabidopsis. Both approaches showed that they are expressed in plastids. Metabolomics analysis of Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing Prunus HXK3 genes revealed that content of several metabolites including phosphorylated sugars (G6P), starch and some metabolites associated with the TCA cycle were affected. These transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed improved tolerance to salt and drought stress under growth chamber conditions. Our results suggest that Prunus HXK3 is a potential candidate for enhancing tolerance to salt and drought stresses in stone fruit trees and other plants.
[学术文献 ] Fine mapping of a novel male-sterile mutant showing wrinkled-leaf in sesame by BSA-Seq technology 进入全文
Industrial Crops and Products
Genic male sterility (GMS) is a very important approach of heterosis exploitation in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Visible marker-trait linked to GMS is necessary since it can facilitate the breeding of new GMS lines and the production of F1 hybrid seeds. We have successfully developed such a GMS line showing wrinkled-leaf (JQA) from a mutant identified in a multiple-cross population in sesame. However, the underlying genetic basis for this JQA line is unclear. To understand the inheritance patterns, near-isogenic line (NIL) together with F2 and BC1 populations segregating for both pollen-fertility and leaf-shape was constructed. Morphology investigation indicated that the JQA line was controlled by a single recessive gene, Sims5. By combining bulk-segregant analysis and next-generation sequencing technology (BSA-Seq) in the NIL population, seven and four chromosome regions putatively associated with traits variation were identified by SNP and InDel markers, respectively. A 1,817.6-kb consensus region on chromosome 12 was obtained by intersecting these intervals, which was most likely the target region containing the candidate gene(s) responsible for pollen-fertility and leaf-shape. The consensus region was further narrowed down to only 219.7?kb by fine mapping in a BC1 population using SSR and InDel markers. Real-Time qRT-PCR analysis of genes within this region showed that four (XM_011097706.2, XM_011097714.2, XM_020698411.1 and XM_011097719.2) and one (XM_020698321.1) genes were highly suppressed in the anther and leaf of mutant plant, respectively, suggesting their important role in pollen and leaf development. These findings not only lay a solid foundation for the isolation and functional analysis of genes for pollen-fertility and wrinkled-leaf but also provided valuable genetic resources and molecular markers for the breeding of new sesame hybrid varieties.
[相关专利 ] 调控植物耐盐性的方法及耐盐相关蛋白 进入全文
佰腾网
本发明公开了一种调控植物耐盐性的方法及耐盐相关蛋白，本发明提供了一种培调控植物耐盐性的方法，包括调控目的植物中耐盐相关蛋白质的编码基因的表达，其中，所述耐盐相关蛋白质是来源于水稻的耐盐性相关蛋白，名称为OsPRR73，来源于水稻日本晴。本发明利用CRISPR/Cas9技术获得了OsPRR73功能缺失的突变体，进行180mM NaCl模拟盐胁迫处理，观察表型并统计恢复处理后的存活率，最终确定OsPRR73在响应水稻盐胁迫的过程中发挥正调控作用。本发明的OsPRR73可作为一个耐盐基因，在水稻抗盐性方面发挥重要作用。
