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[相关专利 ] 一种高耐盐性水稻种质鉴定筛选方法 进入全文
佰腾网
本发明公开一种高耐盐性水稻种质鉴定筛选方法，涉及植物耐盐性鉴定领域，适用于普通栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)的全生育期耐盐性鉴定及评价。其特征在于，在实验室条件下，利用清水对照和8‰的NaCL溶液对水稻进行苗期耐盐性鉴定，于三叶一心期测定全生物学产量，计算苗期耐盐指数，作为水稻品种苗期耐盐性强弱的评价指标。选择苗期耐盐指数在60.0％及以下的水稻种质，在清水对照和5‰的NaCL溶液处理的水泥池中进行全生育期的耐盐性鉴定，成熟期收获稻谷产量，计算成熟期耐盐指数。综合苗期和全生育期耐盐性结果，筛选出能够顺利完成生活周期的高耐盐水稻种质。该发明能够高通量筛选出苗期和全生育期均表现高耐盐性的水稻种质，为水稻耐盐育种提供高耐盐种质资源。
[相关专利 ] 一种高效筛选耐盐碱大麦种质的方法 进入全文
佰腾网
本发明提供一种高效筛选耐盐碱大麦种质的方法，本发明首先通过实验室对大麦种质资源种子萌发期进行耐盐碱性筛选，大量淘汰一批种质，减轻田间选择压力。然后选择当地代表性盐碱地，同时对萌发期高耐盐碱大麦种质资源田间筛选，有利筛选出适宜当地盐碱地种植的大麦资源。通过本发明的方法，在两年内，选择筛选出一批适宜当地种植的高耐盐碱大麦种质资源，为大麦耐盐碱育种提供宝贵的亲本资源。
[学术文献 ] Assessment of a stay-green mutant for variety improvement in Pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis) 进入全文
Scientia Horticulturae
Stay-green refers to a trait whereby plants retain greenness during senescence. In our previous study, a stay-green mutant of Pakchoi nye was screened out from an open pollinated strain and we found that the stay-green was controlled by a single recessive gene Brnye1. Bra019346 was identified as the candidate for Brnye1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of the stay-green lines for variety improvement in Pakchoi. The leaves of nye maintained greenness during senescence and the pigment content of nye was higher than that of wild type. No significant excessive accumulation of chlorophyll catabolites was observed in the chlorophyll catabolic pathway in nye during leaf senescence, which indicated no presence of dangerous phototoxic molecules. The net photosynthetic rate and the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II remained the same level as the wild type, which suggested that the photosystem functioned normally. In order to create more stay-green lines, the nye and a good line ‘13A510’ were used as parents to create a hybrid. The stay-green plants from the F2 were used as donor materials to conduct isolated microspore cultures and a total of 687 stay-green doubled haploid lines were obtained. In order to utilize heterosis, a stay-green cytoplasmic male sterile line CMS-nye was created through backcrossing to a cytoplasmic male sterile line by using nye as recurrent parent. Storage experiment indicated that the stay-green Pakchoi could prolong shelf life and improve the quality of commodity. These results lay the foundation for application of the stay-green genetic resource for variety improvement in Pakchoi.
[学术文献 ] Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Line and Its Maintainer During the Floral Bud Development of Pepper 进入全文
Horticultural Plant Journal
The male-sterile line has been largely used in the hybrid seed production of pepper, which can effectively improve the efficiency of hybrid seed production. However, the formation mechanism of male sterility in pepper remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the gene expression patterns between pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line 9704A and its maintainer 9704B during floral bud development using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 547 976 and 2 416 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were identified in the stage S1, S2 and S3, respectively, and more than 70% of the DEGs were down-regulated in the sterile line. Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to further understand the functions of these identified DEGs. The results showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions. A number of genes, such as MS1, PME5, ATPB, and lots of transcription factors were found down-regulated in the sterile line, and we also identified a series of genes with large differences in expression patterns between sterile line and maintainer line. Collectively, our findings laid a foundation for further molecular breeding in pepper and provided new insights into its mechanism underlying the male sterility.
[学术文献 ] A HAK family Na+ transporter confers natural variation of salt tolerance in maize 进入全文
Nature Plants
Excessive sodium ion (Na+) concentrations in cultivated land alter crop yield and quality worldwide. Previous studies have shown that shoot Na+ exclusion is essential in most crops for salt tolerance. Here, we show by a genome-wide association study that Zea may L. Na+ content 2 (ZmNC2), encoding the HAK family ion transporter ZmHAK4, confers the natural variation of shoot Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance in maize. The ZmHAK4 locus accounts for ~11% of the shoot Na+ variation, and a natural ZmHAK4-deficient allele displays a decreased ZmHAK4 expression level and an increased shoot Na+ content. ZmHAK4 is preferentially expressed in the root stele and encodes a novel membrane-localized Na+-selective transporter that mediates shoot Na+ exclusion, probably by retrieving Na+ from xylem sap. ZmHAK4 orthologues were identified in other plant species, and the orthologues of ZmHAK4 in rice and wheat show identical expression patterns and ion transport properties, suggesting that ZmHAK4 orthologues mediate an evolutionarily conserved salt-tolerance mechanism. Finally, we show that ZmHAK4 and ZmHKT1 (a HKT1 family Na+-selective transporter) confer distinct roles in promoting shoot Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance, indicating that the combination of the favourable alleles of ZmHKT1 and ZmHAK4 can facilitate the development of salt-tolerant maize varieties.
[前沿资讯 ] 普通小麦亚基因组非对称调控机制研究中取得进展 进入全文
遗传与发育生物学研究所
普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.）是经两次远缘杂交而形成的一种异源六倍体作物，含有A、B和D三个亚基因组。亚基因组分化对多倍体小麦基因组可塑性具有重要贡献，且成为其成功驯化的关键因素之一。然而，决定小麦亚基因组分化的时空特异性调控机制尚不清楚。中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所研究员薛勇彪研究组和中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心研究员张一婧研究组通过对不同发育时期和环境条件下的表观组和转录组进行整合分析，发现DNA调控元件上表观修饰的组合模式能够反映其亚基因组分化程度。亚基因组特异的调控元件优先被H3K27me3标记并且表现出较高的组织特异性，说明组织特异性表达受到亚基因组的不平衡调控。进一步研究发现，调控元件的序列特征、表观遗传修饰和转录因子结合在亚基因组分化调控过程中协同发挥作用（如图）。该研究为阐明六倍体小麦调控组和亚基因组分化调控提供了丰富资源，为解析小麦多倍体优势形成的遗传和表观遗传基础提供了新线索。 相关研究成果于2021年6月2日发表在The Plant Cell上，同期发表了编辑评论文章Epigenomic atlas in wheat reveals regulatory elements specifying subgenome divergence。张一婧组博士生王梅月、张郁芸、李子娟和薛勇彪组副研究员张玉娥为论文共同第一作者。薛勇彪和张一婧为论文共同通讯作者，南京农业大学教授张文利和遗传发育所研究员童依平也参与了该工作。研究工作得到国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目以及中科院战略性先导科技专项的支持。
