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[学术文献 ] Creation of aromatic maize by CRISPR/Cas 进入全文
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
Aroma is an important quality parameter for breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). For example, the aromatic rice varieties basmati and jasmine rice, with a popcorn‐like scent, are popular worldwide and routinely command a price premium. 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2AP) is a key flavor compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice. A naturally fragrant germplasm exists in multiple plant species besides rice, which all exhibit lower activity of BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2 (BADH2). However, no equivalent aromatic germplasm has been described in maize (Zea mays). Here, we characterized the two maize BADH2 homologs, ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b. We generated zmbadh2a and zmbadh2b single mutants and the zmbadh2a‐zmbadh2b double mutant by CRISPR/Cas in four inbred lines. A popcorn‐like scent was only noticeable in seeds from the double mutant, but not from either single mutant or in wild type. In agreement, we only detected 2AP in fresh kernels and dried mature seeds from the double mutant, which accumulated between 0.028 and 0.723 mg/kg 2AP. These results suggest that ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b redundantly participate in 2AP biosynthesis in maize, and represent the creation of the world's first aromatic maize by simultaneous genome editing of the two BADH2 genes.
[前沿资讯 ] 山东农业大学李厦团队发现植物免疫调控网络的核心转录激活因子 进入全文
互联网
2021年4月12号，Plant Physiology在线发表了山东农业大学李厦团队题为“Calmodulin-Binding Protein 60b is a central transcriptional activator of immunity”的研究论文，该研究报道了转录因子CBP60b在植物免疫的转录调控中发挥核心作用。 主要新发现： 1.CBP60b突变导致植物发育缺陷并且组成型激活免疫响应 2.CBP60b作为转录激活因子正调控免疫 3.CBP60b或其所在的途径受到植物免疫受体NLR的监控 4.CBP60b调控CBP60g和SARD1表达
[前沿资讯 ] 白吉刚课题组在黄瓜连作障碍研究中取得进展 进入全文
互联网
近日，山东农业大学生命科学学院白吉刚课题组与杜秉海教授、丁延芹教授、聂永心副教授以及澳大利亚墨尔本大学Ute Roessner教授和Robert Walker博士合作，在黄瓜连作障碍研究中取得了进展。在SCI一区Top期刊《Journal of Harzardous Materials》在线发表了题为“Plant metabolomics integrated with transcriptomics and rhizospheric bacterial community indicates the mitigation effects of Klebsiellaoxytoca P620 on p-hydroxybenzoic acid stress in cucumber”的论文。 我国的设施生产中经常进行连作，不过，长期连作会使黄瓜等许多作物出现连作障碍现象，制约这些作物的可持续生产。由于黄瓜等作物连作而导致的酚酸在土壤中累积、进而引起的自毒作用是造成连作障碍的原因之一。因此，降解土壤中的对羟基苯甲酸等酚酸有助于缓解黄瓜等作物连作障碍中的自毒作用。本研究从黄瓜根际分离了一株能够降解对羟基苯甲酸的菌株P620，将其施入黄瓜盆栽土中。通过分析黄瓜植株的代谢组、转录组和根际微生物组，挖掘了黄瓜体内响应对羟基苯甲酸胁迫的代谢物，阐述了P620菌株缓解黄瓜对羟基苯甲酸胁迫的一个机制，为P620等酚酸降解菌株在缓解自毒作用、修复黄瓜等作物连作土中的应用提供了理论依据。
[学术文献 ] Emerging tools and paradigm shift of gene editing in cereals, fruits, and horticultural crops for enhancing nutritional value and food security 进入全文
Food and Energy Security
Gene editing using sequence‐specific nucleases, particularly CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein, has drawn enormous attention in plant research in recent years. Nearly a decade ago, Cas9 protein was initially discovered for a role in adaptive immunity in bacteria. Owing to vast potential, a large number of reports came out in a short span of time, comprising the identification of Cas protein from different bacterial sources, new Cas9 variants with reduced off‐targets, multiplexing, base editing, prime editing, and RNA manipulation in plants. Studies revealed that CRISPR/Cas‐based gene editing can play a major role in ensuring food security via developing resilient commercial crops with improved yield and nutritional value. Use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for creating mutation in genes and regulatory regions of promoter generated a number of alleles with variable phenotypes, which can serve as an excellent genetic resource in the breeding program. In this review, we provide a recent overview of state‐of‐art discoveries in the CRISPR/Cas system comprised of new Cas proteins, modifications of existing Cas9, refinements in CRISPR/Cas‐induced gene editing, applications, and outcome emphasizing on major cereals and horticultural crops. We also highlight the current global policy framework for the regulation of gene‐edited crops.
[相关专利 ] 构建陆地棉抗虫相关基因编辑突变体库的方法 进入全文
佰腾网
本发明公开了构建陆地棉抗虫相关基因编辑突变体库的方法，涉及植物基因工程技术领域，通过一次性快速构建混合载体文库，经遗传转化获得陆地棉基因编辑突变体库材料，利用本发明构建的载体文库混合侵染陆地棉下胚轴，通过遗传转化获得陆地棉基因编辑突变体库材料，用高通量的检测方法对突变体材料进行检测获得基因编辑情况，针对棉花抗虫性状结合抗虫鉴定结果筛选有表型的抗感虫陆地棉基因。该构建陆地棉抗虫相关基因编辑突变体库的方法，本发明一次性快速构建了包含968个sgRNA覆盖502个基因的混合载体文库用于棉花遗传转化，本发明创建了包含五千多份愈伤两千多份再生植株的棉花基因编辑突变体文库，突变体库覆盖度高达82.07％。
[学术文献 ] Effects of rainfall, temperature and illumination on outcrossing rate of male sterile line in soybean 进入全文
Oil Crop Science
To improve seed yield of male sterile line, the relationship between outcrossing rate and climate factors was explored. Data of blooming period, outcrossing rate of male sterile line and climate during 2006–2016 growing seasons were investigated and analyzed. The shortest blooming period was 18.8 ?d with mean temperature of 24oC–25 ?°C and 18.5 ?d with about 125 ?h natural illumination. More rainfall caused a longer blooming period, and a high outcrossing rate was found with about 100 ?mm rainfall and the mean temperature of 24oC–25 ?°C. Increased natural illumination time by tapetum lucidum mulching improved outcrossing rate by 42.48% compared tocontrol. Overall, the selective combination of climate and environmental factors could be effective for increasing outcrossing rate and hybrid seed yield in the male sterile line of soybean.
