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[学术文献 ] Identification of three wheat near isogenic lines originated from CB037 on tissue culture and transformation capacities 进入全文
Springer
To meet the increasing demand for wheat grains, it is essential to continuously improve wheat by commercial and advanced technologies. Wheat line CB037 has ideal agronomic traits, good bread quality, resistance to powdery mildew (PM), and high regeneration ability, and therefore it has been widely used in hybridization breeding and genetic transformation. Three near isogenic lines (NILs) from CB037 were identified in a previous study based on glutenin composition. In this study, the three NILs of CB037A, CB037B, and CB037C were investigated comparatively for agronomic traits, disease resistance to PM and stripe rust, and tissue culture and transformation efficiency. Results indicated that these NILs were highly resistant to PM, and CB037B was not only highly resistant to stripe rust but also had significantly higher regeneration ability than CB037A and CB037C in anther culture, immature and mature embryo culture. Particularly, positively transgenic wheat plants were obtained only from CB037B. Thereby CB037B carrying two types of translocations of 6AL·6V#2S and 1BL·1RS was identified to be a desirable material for wheat genetic transformation, which was of great significance for improving the transformation efficiency and accelerating the application of genetic engineering breeding technology in wheat.
[学术文献 ] Genomic surveillance urgently needed to control wheat blast pandemic spreading across continents 进入全文
PLOS
A new study in PLOS Biology highlights the alarming potential of a pandemic clone of wheat blast disease to evolve fungicide-insensitive variants and argues the urgent need for genomic surveillance and preemptive breeding of resistant wheat.
[学术文献 ] Fine mapping of reduced height locus RHT26 in common wheat 进入全文
Springer
Development of wheat cultivars with appropriate plant height (PH) is an important goal in breeding. Utilization of semi-dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b triggered wheat Green Resolution in the 1960s. Since these genes also bring unfavorable features, such as reduced coleoptile length and grain weight, it is necessary to identify alternative reduced height genes without yield penalty. Here we constructed a high-density genetic map of a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross of Zhongmai175 and Lunxuan987 and detected a stable genetic locus for PH, designated RHT26, on chromosome arm 3DL in all of six environments, accounting for 6.8–14.0% of the phenotypic variances. RHT26 was delimited to an approximate 1.4 Mb physical interval (517.1–518.5 Mb) using secondary mapping populations derived from 22 heterozygous recombinant plants and 24 kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers. Eleven high-confidence genes were annotated in the physical interval according to the Chinese Spring reference genome, and four of them were predicted as candidates for RHT26 based on genome and transcriptome sequencing analyses. We also confirmed that RHT26 had significant effects on PH, but not grain yield in a panel of wheat cultivars; its dwarfing allele has been frequently used in wheat breeding. These findings lay a sound foundation for map-based cloning of RHT26 and provide a breeding-applicable tool for marker-assisted selection.
[学术文献 ] Fighting wheat powdery mildew: from genes to fields 进入全文
Springer
Host resistance conferred by Pm genes provides an effective strategy to control powdery mildew. The study of Pm genes helps modern breeding develop toward more intelligent and customized. Powdery mildew of wheat is one of the most destructive diseases seriously threatening the crop yield and quality worldwide. The genetic research on powdery mildew (Pm) resistance has entered a new era. Many Pm genes from wheat and its wild and domesticated relatives have been mined and cloned. Meanwhile, modern breeding strategies based on high-throughput sequencing and genome editing are emerging and developing toward more intelligent and customized. This review highlights mining and cloning of Pm genes, molecular mechanism studies on the resistance and avirulence genes, and prospects for genomic-assisted breeding for powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
[学术文献 ] Genetic Basis of Pest Resistance in Wheat-Rye and Triticale Stocks 进入全文
Springer
This review describes eight genes and 21 loci for resistance to pests localized in rye chromosomes of wheat-rye and triticale genetic stocks. Detailed information is given for the rye chromosome donor, the type of chromatin inserted, the molecular marker, if present, and resulting wheat and/or triticale lines for deployment the resistance in breeding. The main insect resistance factors are determined in chromosome 1R, followed by 6R, in the form of wheat-rye chromosome translocations or substitutions. Most of the genes provide resistance to Russian wheat aphid and Hessian fly. The recorded genetic stocks can efficiently serve as important bridges for wheat and triticale improvement. The data thus provided will help researchers to competently use resistances of rye chromatin through classical and marker-assisted breeding.
[学术文献 ] Intelligent reprogramming of wheat for enhancement of fungal and nematode disease resistance using advanced molecular techniques 进入全文
Fronteris
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) diseases are major factors responsible for the substantial yield losses worldwide, which affect global food security. Since long, plant breeders have been struggling to improve wheat resistance against major diseases by selection and conventional breeding techniques. Therefore, this review was conducted to shed light on various gaps in the available literature and to reveal the most promising criteria for disease resistance in wheat. However, novel techniques for molecular breeding in the past few decades have been very fruitful for developing broad-spectrum disease resistance and other important traits in wheat. Many types of molecular markers such as SCAR, RAPD, SSR, SSLP, RFLP SNP, and DArT etc. have been reported for resistance against wheat pathogens. This article summarizes various insight molecular markers involved in wheat improvement for resistance to major diseases through diverse breeding programs. Moreover, this review highlights the applications of marker assisted selection (MAS), Quantitative trait locus (QTL), Genome wide association studies (GWAS) and CRISPR/Cas-9 system for developing disease resistance against most important wheat diseases. We also reviewed all reported resistant genes and mapped QTLs for bunts, rusts, smuts, and nematode diseases of wheat. Furthermore, we have also proposed how CRISPR/Cas-9 system and GWAS can assist breeders in future for the genetic improvement of wheat. If these molecular approaches are used successfully in future, it can be a significant step toward expanding food production in wheat crop.
