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[学术文献 ] Overcoming data barriers in spatial agri-food systems analysis: A flexible imputation framework 进入全文
Journal of Agricultural Economics
Suppressions in public data severely limit the usefulness of spatial data and hinder research applications. In this context, data imputation is necessary to deal with suppressed values. We present and validate a flexible data imputation method that can aid in the completion of under-determined data systems. The validations use Monte Carlo and optimisation modelling techniques to recover suppressed data tables from the 2017 US Census of Agriculture. We then use econometric models to evaluate the accuracy of imputations from alternative models. Various metrics of forecast accuracy (i.e., MAPE, BIC, etc.) show the flexibility and capacity of this approach to accurately recover suppressed data. To illustrate the value of our method, we compare the livestock water withdrawal estimations with imputed data and suppressed data to show the bias in research applications when suppressions are simply dropped from analysis.
[学术文献 ] 贸易便利化对加工农产品出口质量的影响——以中国和“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)出口为例 进入全文
世界农业
出口技术复杂度提高是产品出口质量升级的一种体现，贸易便利化对于促进出口质量可能有显著影响，然而现有文献对中国加工农产品出口质量关注不够。本文基于2008—2019年中国和“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)出口加工农产品数据，分析贸易便利化对加工农产品出口质量的影响。实证结果显示：贸易便利化显著促进了加工农产品出口质量的提升，并且主要通过港口效率提升、监管环境改变等渠道提升加工农产品出口质量。异质性分析结果显示：对于不同地理位置、经济基础国家(地区)和不同产品来说，贸易便利化对加工农产品出口质量均产生显著影响，但影响大小存在一定差异。本文在一定程度上丰富了关于贸易便利化与加工农产品出口质量的研究，并具有一定的政策含义。
[学术文献 ] 中国对CPTPP国家的农产品出口效率和潜力研究——基于随机前沿引力模型 进入全文
价格月刊
使用随机前沿引力模型分析2002—2020年中国对CPTPP国家农产品的出口效率及贸易潜力。研究结果显示：中国农产品出口CPTPP各国的贸易效率差异较大，市场拓展潜力不同；CPTPP国家GDP水平、贸易自由度、金融自由度、商业自由度和同属“东盟10+3”等因素对中国农产品出口有正向作用，贸易国人口规模、地理距离和关税等因素对中国农产品出口有负向作用。为进一步提升中国农产品出口效率，应积极推动CPTPP谈判进程，加强与CPTPP国家经贸合作，提升贸易便利化水平。
[行业报告 ] IFPRI Malawi monthly maize market report, December 2022 进入全文
国际食品政策研究所IFPRI
The Monthly Maize Market Report was developed by researchers at IFPRI Malawi with the goal of providing clear and accurate information on the variation of maize prices in selected markets throughout Malawi. The reports are intended as a resource for those interested in maize markets in Malawi, namely producers, traders, consumers, policy makers, and other agricultural stakeholders.
[学术文献 ] 全球农业贸易治理与中国粮食安全 进入全文
农业经济问题
粮食安全是“国之大者”。面对粮食消费需求刚性增长、资源环境承载力约束及生产成本上升的现实，国内粮食进口需求不断扩大，国际粮食市场供应与流通的稳定性已成为影响我国粮食安全的重要因素。然而，当前经济全球化遭遇逆流，现行多边贸易治理框架下存在的规则失宜、机制失灵、谈判失效等问题被不断放大，叠加以气象灾害、新冠疫情、俄乌冲突为代表的极端事件的持续发酵，全球农业贸易治理体系的公信力与有效性正经历前所未有的挑战。面对日趋复杂的外部市场环境和改革滞后的贸易治理体系，我国应在坚持遵循共商共建共享原则的基础上，努力提升制度型开放水平，积极维护多边机制正常运转、大力推动农业贸易规则改革、加强区域农业经贸合作、完善国际粮食风险防控机制，与各国一道共同构建更加完备有效的全球农业贸易治理体系，夯实粮食国际贸易基础，切实保障我国粮食安全。
[前沿资讯 ] Ukraine: EU-FAO partnership to ensure recovery and development of agricultural value chains 进入全文
联合国粮农组织FAO
Rural households, smallholder farmers and small-scale agricultural enterprises will benefit from a $15.5 million project funded by the European Union (EU) and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to support the functioning, reinforcement and strengthening of value chains in agriculture, fisheries and forestry, and their adaptation to the wartime conditions. The project will focus on supporting producers in Lvivska, Ivano-Frankivska, Zakarpatska and parts of Chernivetska oblast with matching grants for on-farm and value chain-based investments coupled with extension and advisory support. “The EU funds for this FAO project aim to re-establish or reinforce pre-war level functionality of agricultural value chains. This is needed to meet the food requirements of local and displaced populations in the west and address food insecurity elsewhere in the country in the immediate and short term, and will be critical to averting a food crisis into 2023,” said Christian Ben Hell, the Sector Manager for Agriculture at the EU Delegation to Ukraine. Food security worsens rapidly The food security situation in Ukraine has deteriorated rapidly following the eruption of the war on 24 February 2022, which has caused extensive destruction of crops, agricultural and other civilian infrastructure, and disrupted both supply and value chains. FAO’s recent nationwide assessment on the impact of the war on agriculture and rural households reveals that one in every four of the 5 200 respondents has reduced or stopped agricultural production due to the war. Through this EU-funded project, which initially started in February 2021 with a preparation phase but then was put on hold due to the war to be repurposed to meet the current needs, in March-May 2022 emergency agricultural support was provided to over 6 000 rural households. This assistance covered the urgent population’s need for agricultural inputs, cash, vegetable seeds and seed potatoes to continue food production for household consumption. "The testimonies of the individuals and families who I met during my visits to the newly accessible areas confirm the urgent need for immediate support towards restoring their household capacities and avoiding dependence on humanitarian assistance. At the same time, it is imperative that the Government is supported in its efforts to develop the agriculture sector and to strengthen and diversify value chains," said Pierre Vauthier, Head of FAO Ukraine country office. As the war persists, market participants including large numbers of household and family farms, individual producers, small companies, traders and processors are experiencing difficulties in accessing inputs, finance and investment to support continuity and expansion of operations. The major difficulties expected in the next few months in terms of both crop and livestock production activities are low benefits from the sale of products, constrained access to fertilizers or pesticides, and fuel or electricity to power equipment. In addition, the project aims to assist the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in preserving a unique national collection of plant genetic resources, which is of global significance in terms of the volume and diversity of genetic material. The project will secure and safeguard the collections of the Ukrainian plant genetic resources by moving them to a safe storage location and will improve the collections database with modern IT support.
