共检索到2632条,权限内显示50条;
[行业报告 ] Food inflation and child undernutrition in low and middle income countries 进入全文
国际食品政策研究所IFPRI
The 21st Century has been marked by increased volatility in food prices, with global price spikes in 2007-08, 2010-11, and again in 2021-22. The impact of food inflation on the risk of child undernutrition is not well understood, however. This study explores the potential impacts of food inflation on wasting and stunting among 1.27 million pre-school children from 44 developing countries. On average, a 5 percent increase in the real price of food increases the risk of wasting by 9 percent and severe wasting by 14 percent. These risks apply to young infants, suggesting a prenatal pathway, as well as to older children who typically experience a deterioration in diet quality in the wake of food inflation. Male children and children from poor and rural landless households are more severely impacted. Food inflation during pregnancy and the first year after birth also increases the risk of stunting for children 2-5 years of age. This evidence provides a strong rationale for interventions to prevent food inflation and mitigate its impacts on vulnerable children and their mothers.
[前沿资讯 ] Yemen: FAO welcomes an additional $150 million multi-agency contribution from the World Bank to strengthen resilience and address growing food insecurity 进入全文
联合国粮农组织FAO
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has welcomed an additional $150 million multi-agency contribution provided by the World Bank to scale up restoration of rural livelihoods, boost household food production and provide emergency assistance to vulnerable households in Yemen. Since 2021, the $127 million Yemen Food Security Response and Resilience Project (FSRRP) has been jointly implemented by FAO, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Food Programme (WFP). The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is now joining the UN agencies in the implementation of the project. The additional funding was provided in response to a sharp deterioration in food security conditions in Yemen. The Integrated Food Security Phase (IPC) Acute Food Insecurity projection update, conducted in September 2022, indicates that approximately 17 million people, or over half of the country’s population, will likely experience high levels of acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or above) between October and December 2022. Of these, 6.1 million people are classified in IPC Phase 4 (Emergency). FAO will receive $79.4 million from the additional financing. This adds to the $61.1 million initially allocated to support FAO activities aimed at increasing production of crop, livestock and fish products, including backyard and garden production; promoting climate-smart agriculture; strengthening local agrifood systems; and establishing national agricultural value chains. "We are grateful to the World Bank for this important contribution. Our long-standing cooperation helps to ensure an integrated approach to tackling the food security issues in Yemen by strengthening agriculture as both an emergency measure to produce locally and a middle- to long-term source of food and jobs,” said FAO Director-General QU Dongyu. ”This additional financing by the World Bank is vital to building resilience among smallholder farmers in Yemen, boosting local food availability and strengthening local agrifood systems, which have been weakened by conflict, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate shocks," he added. FSRRP delivers support to vulnerable households through cash-for-work opportunities and nutrition support for mothers and children. Additionally, the project provides targeted livelihoods support that boosts agricultural production in the short term, while enhancing agriculture's contributions to food security and economic activity over the longer term and building capacity for food security management.
[学术文献 ] 双边关系对中国农产品贸易流通效能的影响研究 进入全文
世界农业
本文构建时变随机前沿引力模型，基于贸易流通效率和贸易流通潜力两个方面，实证分析了2002—2020年包括双边政治关系、文化距离、制度距离、是否签订自由贸易协定（FTA）以及是否加入“一带一路”倡议等变量在内的双边关系对中国农产品进出口、出口及进口流通效能的影响，测算贸易流通潜力并依据FTA和“一带一路”倡议进行分析。结果表明：良好的双边政治关系增加了农产品贸易流通效率的饱和度，提高了贸易流通效能；FTA和“一带一路”倡议对农产品贸易流通效率和双边关系发展具有积极的推动作用；制度距离、文化距离与农产品贸易流通效率显著正相关，缩小文化距离对贸易的促进作用更大；中国与各国农产品贸易流通潜力具有显著差异性，尤其对发达经济体出口存有较大的贸易扩展空间。对此，中国应顺应双边关系变化，动态调整农产品对外贸易政策，以良好的双边关系推进贸易关系的稳定发展，持续挖掘贸易流通潜力，提高贸易流通效能。
[学术文献 ] Relating risk preferences and risk perceptions over different agricultural risk domains: Insights from Ethiopia 进入全文
World Development
Households in developing countries are exposed to various shocks and risks, which leaves them vulnerable as they typically have limited resources to cope with them. Even though a large body of development literature has focused on the role of risk in rural livelihoods, the focus is often on single sources of risk and taking a unidimensional view on risk preference. This paper explores the diversity in risk perception and risk preferences of Ethiopian households by combining incentivized field experiments with detailed primary household survey data. We disentangle the relationship between risk perception and risk preferences using an innovative combination of time framing and instrumental variable estimation approaches. We find that our respondents are exposed to multiple past shocks and perceive multiple sources of future threats across different agricultural risk domains. Our respondents can be characterized as relatively risk-averse and loss-averse, and they also overweight unlikely extreme outcomes. We find a statistically significant association between the prospect theory risk preferences parameters—risk aversion, loss aversion, and probability weighting—and overall risk perception, domain-specific risk perceptions (except for the personal domain) and the impact dimension of future risk. Our findings make an important contribution to our understanding of farm households’ risk behavior, and can guide prioritizing development efforts to stimulate better informed and well-targeted risk management policy interventions.
[学术文献 ] Effects of agri-environment schemes on farm-level eco-efficiency measures: Empirical evidence from EU countries 进入全文
Journal of Agricultural Economics
The European Union (EU) budget allocated to agri-environmental schemes (AES) has increased consistently over the past 20 years. European citizens should expect effective spending of these public funds, so investigation of the effects of these schemes on both environmental benefits and farm efficiency is warranted. We examine the effects of European agri-environmental schemes on farm-level eco-efficiency. Our analysis combines data envelopment analysis and impact assessment methods to evaluate the impact of scheme payments on eco-efficiency measures. Our results suggest that there is considerable scope for eco-efficiency improvements, both for dairy and crop production. Results also show that the average change in eco-efficiency scores does not vary significantly between AES participants and non-participants, which questions the effectiveness of present AES.
[学术文献 ] 中国与俄罗斯农产品贸易的竞争性与互补性分析 进入全文
农业与技术
当前中国与俄罗斯同为“金砖国家”,两国政治关系互信程度较高，拥有稳定的经济合作基础，在“一带一路”和亚欧经济联盟等国际形势加持下，中俄之间的农产品贸易增长迅猛，再加上中俄农产品贸易的互补性很大，以至上升空间充足。鉴于此，解析中国与俄罗斯双边农业商品来往的角逐情况与合作局面有深远意义。运用中俄2001—2020年的农产品数据，对中国与俄罗斯农产品的贸易现状进行定性分析；采取贸易竞争优势、显示性比较优势和贸易互补性指数3个专业化指数将双方的农业商品种类在贸易方面的竞争与互补情况做定量分析，并相继总结其存在的问题，最后提供有针对性的解决方案。
