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[学术文献 ] 美国“印太经济框架”的本质、影响及中国的应对策略 进入全文
东北亚论坛
2022年5月，美国总统拜登在日本东京宣布与印太地区的13个国家启动“印太经济框架”的谈判进程。“印太经济框架”作为美国开展印太区域经济合作新的制度体系，从本质上讲，是一份以美国利益优先的印太区域制度整合方案，是美国在印太地区开展对华竞争的行动纲领，其未来必将会对我国的海外市场、供应链稳定、区域数字经贸规则制定话语权以及区域各国制度整合等方面带来不确定性的影响。为应对“印太经济框架”的可能影响和挑战，我国应加快构建新发展格局，整合“一带一路”倡议和RCEP，推出区域数字规则的“中国方案”，构建我国跨国企业主导的区域供应链，以RCEP为抓手，推动区域制度整合。
[前沿资讯 ] 我国与“一带一路”沿线国家货物贸易额十年年均增长8% 进入全文
新华社
商务部部长助理陈春江2日在国新办新闻发布会上说，2013年到2022年，我国与“一带一路”沿线国家货物贸易额从1.04万亿美元扩大到2.07万亿美元，年均增长8%。 今年是共建“一带一路”倡议提出十周年。陈春江说，倡议提出以来，我国与共建国家贸易和投资规模稳步扩大，基础设施互联互通不断加强，产业链供应链合作水平持续提升。在投资方面，2013年到2022年，我国与沿线国家双向投资累计超过2700亿美元，截至2022年底，我国企业在沿线国家建设的境外经贸合作区累计投资达571.3亿美元，为当地创造了42.1万个就业岗位；在工程建设方面，2013年到2022年，我国在沿线国家承包工程新签合同额、完成营业额累计分别超过1.2万亿美元和8000亿美元，占对外承包工程总额的比重超过了一半。 谈及在新起点上持续推进“一带一路”经贸合作走深走实，陈春江说，将重点提质量、拓领域、优项目、搭平台、强保障。包括优化贸易结构，扩大优质商品的进口；深度参与全球产业分工与合作，优化双向投资结构；推动与更多有意愿的共建国家商签自贸协定，加快建设覆盖“一带一路”的自贸区网络；积极商签绿色发展、数字经济、蓝色经济等领域的双边合作协议；聚焦减贫、卫生、教育等领域，建设更多“小而美”项目，不断提升当地民众的获得感、认同感；继续发布对外投资合作国别（地区）指南；推动与共建国家商签和升级投资保护协定，为共建“一带一路”高质量发展提供更多保障
[学术文献 ] 新型全球化的逻辑理路：历史生成、理论回响与实践演进 进入全文
河南大学学报(社会科学版)
在百年变局和世纪疫情的交织叠加中，传统的西式全球化已经不能适应人类社会发展的需要，推进代表新的生产力和生产关系发展要求的新型全球化成为引领全球化发展的新方向。新型全球化在当代的构建和演进有着严密的逻辑理路，其生成于动态发展的社会历史之中，其理论回响是对马克思世界历史理论的继承与发展，其实践演进是以“一带一路”为重要实践平台，秉持共商共建共享的原则，着力建设一个和平、繁荣、开放、绿色、创新、文明的世界。
[前沿资讯 ] 聚焦“‘一带一路’这十年”：专家学者热议共建“一带一路”高质量发展 进入全文
中国一带一路网
“一带一路高质量发展学术论坛”第二届年会在京举行。与会专家学者围绕 “一带一路”十年建设成就、高质量发展的途径与措施等话题开展研讨、建言献策。 全国政协丝路规划研究中心理事长、第十二届全国政协副主席陈元在视频致辞中指出，在共建“一带一路”即将迎来十周年之际，做好总结、展望未来，有利于下一阶段把工作做得更好。“希望与会专家在党的二十大报告精神指引下，结合建设案例，深入开展理论研究和实践总结，加强学术交流，为推动共建‘一带一路’高质量发展奉献智慧和力量。”陈元表示。 “一带一路高质量发展学术论坛”主席、“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟（ANSO）主席、中国科学院原院长白春礼强调，科技界在推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展上具有独特的作用，而且是越来越重要的作用，特别是在开拓绿色、健康、数字、创新等新领域上。应高度重视、整体谋划、统筹资源、创新机制，尽快推动共建“一带一路”科技合作迈上新台阶。 “过去10年来，共建‘一带一路’取得显著成效。推进‘一带一路’建设，有利于共建国家、有利于世界、有利于中国。”全国政协经济委员会副主任、中国国际经济交流中心副理事长宁吉喆指出，10年来，共建“一带一路”得到中国人民的积极拥护，也得到全球许多国家的积极响应，不仅为共建国家、为全球发展带来新动能，也有力促进了各地对外开放和区域协调发展。 北京大学国家发展研究院名誉院长、北京大学新结构经济学研究院院长林毅夫从新结构主义经济学的视角进行了阐释。他表示，在推进共建“一带一路”进程中，以基础设施的建设为抓手，帮助共建国家发展具有比较优势的产业，进而推动这种比较优势转化为竞争优势，提升发展的速度和质量，共建国家会拥有更多的资源来支付建设成本，进行内部协调，也能够创造更多的就业机会让普通民众从发展过程中得到更大的好处，真正助力共建“一带一路”实现高质量发展、实现民心相通。 据悉，“一带一路高质量发展学术论坛”由中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、全国政协丝路规划研究中心、“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟等16家研究机构、智库和企业于2022年初联合发起。
[学术文献 ] Farm size limits agriculture's poverty reduction potential in Eastern India even with irrigation-led intensification 进入全文
Agricultural Systems
CONTEXT Millions of people living in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of India engage in agriculture to support their livelihoods yet are income poor, and food and climate insecure. To address these challenges, policymakers and development programs invest in irrigation-led agricultural intensification. However, the evidence for agricultural intensification to lift farmers' incomes above the poverty line remains largely anecdotal. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to use a large household survey (n = 15,572; rice: 8244, wheat: 7328; 2017/18) to assess the link between agricultural intensification and personal daily incomes from farming (FPDI) in the rice-wheat systems of the EGP – the dominant cropping system of the region. METHODS We use the Intensification Benefit Index (IBI), a measure that relates farm size and household size to FPDI, to assess how daily incomes from rice-wheat production change with irrigation-led intensification across the EGP. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Relative to the international poverty line of 1.90 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)$ day and accounting for variations in HH size in the analysis, we found that small farm sizes limit the potential for agricultural intensification from irrigation to transform the poverty status of households in the bottom three quartiles of the IBI. The estimated median FPDI of households with intensified systems in the bottom three quartiles is only 0.51 PPP$ day (a 0.15 PPP$ gain). The median FPDI increases to 2.10 PPP$ day for households in the upper quartile of the IBI distribution (a 0.30 PPP$ gain). Irrigation-led agricultural intensification of rice-wheat systems in the EGP may provide substantial benefits for resilience to climatic change and food security but achieving meaningful poverty reduction will require complementary investments.−1−1−1 SIGNIFICANCE Transforming the poverty status of most smallholder farmers in the EGP requires diversified portfolios of rural on- and off-farm income-generating opportunities. While bolstering food- and climate security, agronomic intervention programs should consider smallholders' limited monetary incentives to invest in intensification. Irrigation-led agricultural intensification programs and policies should explicitly account for the heterogeneity in household resources, irrigation levels, and degree of dependence on agricultural income.
[前沿资讯 ] Russia, Ukraine, and global food security 进入全文
国际食品政策研究所IFPRI
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and attacks on Ukraine’s agricultural system have led to unprecedented impacts on global agricultural markets, food security, and nutrition, writes CSIS in a piece on the current situation in Ukraine and how it is affecting the world. "Since the implementation of the Black Sea Grain Initiative in August, Ukraine has exported over 22 million tons of grains through the Black Sea ports of Odesa, Chornomorsk, and Pivdennyi, which collectively handled approximately half of Ukraine’s pre-war maritime agricultural exports", says the article linking to a recent IFPRI issue post. Speaking about the increase of staple foods prices, the article states that low-income families shift consumption away from more nutritious food and toward less nutritious food. "A recent analysis from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) illustrates this phenomenon. Prior to the war, Egypt, the world’s largest importer of wheat, procured about 85 percent of its wheat imports from the Black Sea. War-related supply chain disruptions and other factors have led to more than 30 percent increase in domestic food prices. Across more than 6,000 low-income households across the country, IFPRI found that 85 percent of households consumed less meat and 75 percent of households consumed less poultry and eggs, with price increases cited as the main reason for cutbacks. At the same time, consumption of potatoes and pasta increased among 21 and 14 percent of households, respectively. These shifts in consumption could worsen malnutrition across Egypt, including anemia among women of reproductive age and overweight and obesity across the population."
