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[学术文献 ] 复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率和肠道微生物群落的影响 进入全文

中国知网

试验旨在评估不同添加量复合酶制剂在高比例大豆蛋白日粮中对断奶仔猪生长性能、日粮养分消化率和肠道菌群的影响。选择初始体重为(6.29±0.12)kg的28日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪120头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头,正试期28 d。CEP 0、CEP 250、CEP 500和CEP 750各组在基础日粮中分别添加复合酶制剂0、250、500、750 mg/kg。结果表明:与CEP 0组比较,CEP 500组和CEP 750组提高了试验全期平均日增重、降低全期耗料增重比和腹泻率(P<0.05),并提高了全期粗蛋白质和粗纤维的消化率、1~14 d的日粮干物质消化率(P<0.05),CEP 750组提高了全期木聚糖和甘露聚糖的消化率(P<0.05);复合酶制剂组肠道乳杆菌属和巨型球菌属的相对丰度均高于CEP 0组(P<0.05)。由此可见,在断奶仔猪高比例大豆蛋白日粮中添加500 mg/kg以上复合酶制剂可显著提高营养物质表观消化率,降低腹泻率,提高仔猪的生长性能。

[学术文献 ] 仔猪喂奶系统设计与输送管道优化 进入全文

中国知网

针对当前仔猪喂奶自动化水平程度较低,劳动强度较大、饲喂效率低下这一问题,设计一种仔猪喂奶系统,开发以PLC控制器为核心的自动控制系统,实现仔猪喂奶过程中加水、控温、搅拌和饲喂等操作的自动化控制,并应用CFD数值模拟探究管径、管道材质、入口温度和管道流速对奶水输送管道压力分布及温度分布的影响,依据仿真结果确定了输送管路的基础参数值,即管道材质为PPR材质、管径为6分管(外径25 mm,壁厚2.8 mm)和管道流速为0.8 m/s。性能试验表明:仔猪配奶罐温度控制精度的平均相对误差为0.91%,温度变化幅度保持在±1℃;仔猪配奶罐温度控制稳定性试验的温度样本标准差为0.226 3℃,变异系数为0.499%;仔猪饲喂点的温度分布范围在36~45℃;仔猪喂奶器压力分布范围在28.36~53.20 kPa。研究结果表明,该仔猪喂奶系统可以正常实现供水、搅拌、加热、循环和排水等功能,各饲喂点的管道压力及温度分布均满足仔猪饲喂要求。

[学术文献 ] Clostridial diarrheas in piglets: A review 进入全文

中国知网

Clostridium perfringens type C and Clostridioides difficile are the main enteric clostridial pathogens of swine and are both responsible for neonatal diarrhea in this species. The role of Clostridum perfringes type A is under discussion. History, clinical signs, gross lesions and histological findings are the basis for a presumptive diagnosis of C. perfringens type C or C. difficile infection. Confirmation is based upon detection of beta toxin of C. perfringens type C or toxin A/B of C. difficile, respectively, in intestinal contents or feces. Isolation of C. perfringens type C and/or C. difficile is highly suggestive of infection by these microorganisms but it is not enough to confirm a diagnosis as they may be found in the intestine of some healthy individuals. Diagnosis of C. perfringens type A-associated diarrhea is more challenging because the diagnostic criteria have not been well defined and the specific role of alpha toxin (encoded by all strains of this microorganism) and beta 2 toxin (produced by some type A strains) is not clear. The goal of this paper is to describe the main clostridial enteric diseases of piglets, including etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, pathology and diagnosis.

[前沿资讯 ] 国内首批非瘟疫苗来了!3家企业获批,其市场规模或超300亿! 进入全文

国际畜牧网

规模场已经在试验阶段,如果研发试验顺利,非洲猪瘟亚单位灭活疫苗或有望在10月份上市。关于我国非瘟疫苗的最新研发进展,据行业人士透露,目前非瘟疫苗已经通过临床试验申请,有3家企业获批,疫苗有70%-80%的保护率,主要试验对母猪的保护率,规模场已经在试验阶段,如果研发试验顺利,非洲猪瘟亚单位灭活疫苗或有望在10月份上市。三种非洲猪瘟疫苗选择方向:非瘟病毒由于其复杂的蛋白结构,导致相关疫苗研制进程十分缓慢,近年来国内外对于非洲猪瘟疫苗主要的研发路线包括亚单位疫苗、天然弱毒疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、mRNA疫苗。国内各研发单位积极推动商业化落地,或将成为未来动保行业破局关键。基因缺失疫苗:目前基因缺失疫苗中最受关注的是哈尔滨兽医研究所在研的非洲猪瘟7基因缺失减毒活疫苗(ASFV-7GD)和越南的I177L基因缺失减毒活疫苗(ASFV-ΔI177L)。前者已在黑龙江、新疆和河南三个养殖基地开展临床试验,截至2022年6月,该试验进展较为顺利;后者为美国梅岛实验室开发,曾于2022年6月宣布全球首款上市流通,8月则因为出现较多接种后生猪死亡事件而紧急叫停,2月再次重启商业化推广。亚单位疫苗:亚单位疫苗通过利用病毒某种表面结构成分,研制成本身不含病毒核酸,但能诱发生猪产生免疫保护的疫苗,具有更高的生物安全性。目前主要有普莱柯与生物股份进行研发,前者为和兰兽所合作研发,已完成前期实验工作,即将进入应急评价申请阶段,若能顺利过审,或将加速上市进程。病毒载体疫苗:病毒载体疫苗是指用如腺病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、牛痘病毒或者新城疫病毒作为载体构建的疫苗,可以更好地刺激细胞免疫,提供更优秀的免疫效率。目前主要有科前生物进行研发,即将完成转基因生物安全评价,随后提交应急评价申请。目前国内研究非瘟疫苗的进展怎么样了?中国:我国大力推进非洲猪瘟疫苗的研制工作。据报道,中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所的研究人员开发的一种非洲猪瘟候选疫苗在3000头猪身上进行的临床试验中取得了可喜的结果。从研发进度看,普莱柯(603566)和兰兽研研发的亚单位疫苗进展最快,正按照农业农村部应急评价要求完善相关研究资料,力争早日提交应急评价申请。生物股份(600201)借助生物安全三级实验室,在不同路径的非洲猪瘟疫苗研制方面均有涉及。目前公司已完成多组非洲猪瘟mRNA疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗、亚单位疫苗的效力评价实验,并取得“一种基因缺失的减毒非洲猪瘟病毒毒株及其构建方法和应用”专利。科前生物一方面与兰兽研、哈兽研合作,另一方面也进行非瘟疫苗的自主研发。根据公司2022年半年报,公司参与研制的非洲猪瘟亚单位疫苗和载体疫苗均取得重大进展。从生产方面看,中牧股份(600195)作为央企有牌照优势,若非洲猪瘟疫苗商业化落地,公司有机会首批获得生产许可证参与生产。非洲猪瘟疫苗一旦商业化,动保行业有望明显扩容。正常年份生猪出栏+能繁母猪存栏约7亿头。根据普莱柯交流,由于非洲猪瘟亚单位疫苗研发难度大、工艺复杂程度高,若非洲猪瘟亚单位疫苗能够获批上市,预计出厂价在25元/支左右,每头猪需要免疫两次。若考虑流通成本,则终端售价更高。我们对非洲猪瘟疫苗市场空间进行测算,在终端售价30元/支,行业渗透率80%的情况下,非瘟疫苗市场规模超过300亿。

[前沿资讯 ] Scientists are developing antibiotic alternatives to treat pigs for PID 进入全文

The Pig Site 官网

Scientists at the University of Nairobi are developing a healthier and more affordable alternative to antibiotics to address a disease in pigs known as porcine infectious diarrhea (PID). The scientists in Kenya are collaborating with counterparts from The Ohio State University to identify probiotics that could save pig farmers the trouble of buying and (mis)using antibiotics. The IDRC-supported project is looking into which probiotics would work best to combat rotavirus in pigs and in what doses. The probiotics under trial are currently being administered in solution form to the farm animals. PID is caused by rotaviruses that animals are exposed to in contaminated environments, said Dr. Joshua Onono, a veterinarian who is leading the team of scientists in the research project. He explained that rotaviruses affect piglets in particular, causing diarrhea that can lead to stunted growth. “They will lose weight and the farmer will spend more on feed,” Onono stated. “This, together with costs incurred in treatment, will eat into the farmer’s profits.”The challenge with rotaviruses, added Onono, is that they spread quickly within a herd and contaminate the environment. They also affect other farm animals like poultry. “The only way for a farmer to rid the farm of the virus is by depleting the infected stock and staying without animals for some time, while disinfecting the farm throughout, before introducing a new and healthy herd,” Onono said. This is a situation that pig farmers like Lydia Karume are keen to avoid. Karume, who has a pig farm in Kenya’s Murang’a County, said that diarrhea is the major cause of death among her piglets. “The diarrhea is usually virulent: in some piglets they start to have diarrhea in the morning and by sunset they are dead,” she said. “As a pig farmer, you need to have medicines — or the money to acquire them — ready at all times so that you can respond quickly,” Karume added.

[前沿资讯 ] 研究首次成功培育3个基因编辑小型猪新品系 进入全文

食品伙伴网

中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所动物功能基因组学创新团队联合北京畜牧兽医研究所等单位培育的中农巴马小型猪3个实验用小型猪专门化品系,近日被认定为中国实验动物新资源,收录于国家实验动物模型资源信息平台,该品系是首次通过鉴定的基因编辑猪疾病模型新品系。据悉,研究人员于2016年通过自主建立的多基因精准编辑技术,成功获得6头ApoE和LDLR双基因缺失猪,借助基因型检测等技术,历时6年多选育获得遗传稳定的3个小型猪疾病模型新品系,该品系病理特征明显,每个品系的种群均达到60头以上。此外,研发团队还针对3个专门化品系制定了饲养管理方法、实验操作技术方法和遗传质量控制方法。开发实验动物新资源是我国重要战略需求,小型猪疾病模型专门化品系的成功培育为基因编辑大动物模型专门化品系提供了理论和技术支撑,对我国生命科学研究和生物医药领域发展具有重要意义。

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