International Experience with Private Sector Participation in Power Grids : Brazil Case Study

• 查看报告

作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23614

关键词：

PRIMARY SOURCES;  CANE;  NATURAL GAS;  PUBLIC UTILITIES;  POWER PLANTS;  FREE ENERGY;  HYDRO?POWER;  FOSSIL FUELS;  ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY;  ENERGY PRICES;  ELECTRICITY TARIFF;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  ACTIVITIES;  GENERATION;  ENERGY SOURCE;  WIND;  CLEAN ENERGY;  WIND FARMS;  OLD ENERGY;  POWER SYSTEM;  POWER GRIDS;  THERMAL POWER PLANTS;  FREE ENERGY;  WIND FARMS;  ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION;  NUCLEAR POWER PLANT;  GAS;  PRICE;  VOLTAGE;  TRANSMISSION SYSTEM;  TRANSMISSION FACILITIES;  ELECTRICITY TARIFF;  POWER SYSTEM;  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION;  BIOMASS;  POWER DISTRIBUTION;  AMOUNT OF POWER;  ENERGY POLICIES;  OIL;  RENEWABLE SOURCES;  POWER SYSTEMS;  TRANSMISSION FACILITIES;  POWER GENERATION;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  ENERGY SOURCES;  SUSTAINABLE ENERGY;  POWER SECTOR;  TARIFF LEVELS;  SOLAR POWER PLANTS;  ENERGY SUPPLY;  TRANSMISSION GRID;  OIL PRODUCTS;  WATER;  ENERGY RESOURCES;  POWER SECTOR;  DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES;  SUSTAINABLE ENERGY;  ELECTRICITY SUPPLY;  ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY;  SUGAR CANE;  INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES;  DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY;  DIESEL OIL;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  FUELS;  THERMAL POWER;  POWER DISTRIBUTION;  PUBLIC UTILITIES;  POWER PRODUCERS;  OIL CRISIS;  POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  TRANSMISSION LINES;  POWER PRODUCERS;  ELECTRIC ENERGY;  DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY;  BALANCE;  TARIFF STRUCTURE;  SOURCE OF ENERGY;  ALTERNATIVE ENERGY;  UTILITIES;  POWER;  ELECTRICITY SALES;  ELECTRICITY;  HYDROPOWER PLANT;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  OIL CRISIS;  HYDROPOWER;  POWER LINES;  ELECTRICITY TARIFFS;  INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES;  POWER PRODUCTION;  POWER CONSUMPTION;  TRANSMISSION SYSTEM;  ENERGY SOURCE;  ENERGY PRICES;  HYDRO?POWER PLANTS;  FOSSIL FUELS;  HYDROPOWER PLANT;  TARIFF LEVELS;  ENERGY PRODUCTION;  THERMAL POWER PLANTS;  SOLAR POWER;  POWER GENERATION;  POWER PRODUCTION;  THERMAL POWER PLANT;  WIND FARM;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY DEMAND;  ELECTRICITY PRICES;  ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY;  OLD ENERGY;  ACCESS COSTS;  POWER PRODUCER;  NATURAL GAS;  HYDRO?POWER PLANTS;  POWER CONSUMPTION;  SUGARCANE;  ENERGY BALANCE;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  TRANSMISSION LINE;  INVESTMENT;  TARIFF STRUCTURE;  ENERGY DEVELOPMENT;  COAL;  NUCLEAR POWER;  TARIFF;  ELECTRICITY SUPPLY;  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK;  FUEL;  POWER PLANTS;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  FUEL OIL;  AVAILABILITY;  ETHYL ALCOHOL;  FACILITIES;  INVESTMENTS;  RENEWABLE SOURCES;  TRANSMISSION LINE;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  ENERGY PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES;  ENERGY BALANCE;  ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION;  THERMAL POWER;  SOURCE OF ENERGY;  ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION;  DIESEL;  ENERGY RESOURCES;  FOSSIL;  TRANSMISSION LINES;  PRICES;  APPROACH;  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION;  POWER PLANT;  ENERGY;  Report; 

年份：

2012

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The power sector which consisted almost exclusively of enterprises under Federal and State control was severely affected by the repercussions of this negative phase for the Brazilian economy. The tariffs for sales between generators and distributors (wholesale trading) and from the latter to end?consumers (retail sales) were all established by the Brazilian Government. Frequently used as tools for curbing inflation, they fell well below the real costs of the services rendered. As demonstrated below, these tariff constraints had severe consequences for the power generation, transmission and distribution segments in Brazil. A clear awareness of these problems is apparent in the preparation and promulgation of Brazil’s 1988 Constitution, which established that only the Federal Government would be in charge of services and activities linked to power services in Brazil, handled either directly, or through concessions. Tenders will be required to select the concessionaires, either public or private. This was the situation of the Brazilian power sector during the 1990s, fraught with difficulties and with its intra?sector payment flows severely undermined by the financial situation of the concessionaires, almost all under State control. Quite naturally, many new power generations, transmission and distribution projects ground to a halt, or never even got off the ground, with collateral effects on the construction and equipment industries working with this sector.