Turkey’s Energy Transition Milestones and Challenges

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22913

关键词：

TRANSMISSION CAPACITY;  POWER PLANTS;  RENEWABLE RESOURCES;  HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS;  DOMESTIC GAS;  RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS;  ENERGY –  DEVELOPMENT;  ELECTRICITY TARIFF;  ENERGY PRICING;  GENERATION;  GASOLINE;  THERMAL POWER PLANTS;  GAS IMPORTS;  POWER PROJECT;  NUCLEAR POWER PLANT;  SOLAR ELECTRICITY;  PEAK DEMAND;  PRICE;  VOLTAGE;  POWER SYSTEM;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  POWER GENERATION PLANT;  LNG;  OIL PRICES;  PETROLEUM;  POWER INDUSTRY;  LNG TERMINALS;  OIL;  HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT;  POWER SYSTEMS;  HIGHER ENERGY PRICES;  ENERGY MIX;  ENERGY SOURCES;  ELECTRIFICATION;  RENEWABLE DEVELOPMENT;  DEMAND STEMMING;  DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES;  WIND GENERATION;  RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATORS;  RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES;  HYDRO POWER PLANTS;  THERMAL POWER;  POWER DISTRIBUTION;  GASIFICATION;  POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS;  WIND DEVELOPMENT;  RENEWABLE GENERATION;  TURBINE;  POWER GENERATION FACILITIES;  GAS COMPANIES;  RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES;  COMMERCIAL ENERGY;  BALANCE;  ELECTRIC POWER;  GEOTHERMAL POWER;  ENERGY NEEDS;  DEMAND FOR ENERGY;  ELECTRICITY;  GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT;  WIND POWER;  HYDROPOWER;  ELECTRICITY GENERATION;  PETROLEUM GAS;  WHOLESALE POWER;  FUEL PRICES;  ENERGY STRATEGY;  TIDAL ENERGY;  TRANSMISSION SYSTEM;  NATURAL GAS PRICE;  TARIFF LEVELS;  PETROLEUM SECTOR;  SOLAR POWER;  ENERGY DEMAND;  HYDROELECTRIC POWER;  TURBULENCE;  TARIFF STRUCTURE;  ELECTRICITY PRICE;  DOMESTIC ENERGY;  COAL;  TRANSMISSION INFRASTRUCTURE;  FUEL;  CRUDE OIL;  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK;  FACILITIES;  DOMESTIC ENERGY SOURCE;  BOTTOM LINE;  RENEWABLE SOURCES;  WIND CAPACITY;  PETROLEUM PRODUCTS;  RENEWABLE POWER;  DIESEL;  ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION;  NATURAL GAS SUPPLY;  PIPELINE;  ENERGY COSTS;  TRANSMISSION LINES;  APPROACH;  ELECTRICAL POWER;  HYDROELECTRIC POTENTIAL;  NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS;  NUCLEAR SAFETY;  POWER PLANT;  NATURAL GAS PRICING;  ENERGY MARKETS;  RETAIL COMPETITION;  OIL EQUIVALENT;  GAS TURBINES;  PRICE OF ELECTRICITY;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  GAS TURBINE;  POWER STATIONS;  VEHICLES;  ACTIVITIES;  OIL COMPANY;  RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT;  RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS;  RETAIL ELECTRICITY;  ENERGY SOURCE;  WIND;  COSTS OF ELECTRICITY;  EMISSIONS;  GAS PRICES;  GAS PRICE;  BIOGAS;  COAL MINES;  TARIFF STRUCTURES;  POWER SHORTAGES;  GAS;  WHOLESALE PRICE;  GAS CONSUMPTION;  SOLAR RADIATION;  ELECTRIC INDUSTRY;  ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY;  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION;  BORDER TRANSMISSION;  BIOMASS;  HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS;  GENERATION CAPACITY;  ELECTRICITY UTILITIES;  PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY;  ENERGY POLICIES;  SURPLUS SITUATION;  NATURAL GAS PRICES;  COGENERATION;  WIND PLANT;  POWER GENERATION;  NATURAL GAS IMPORTS;  THERMAL PLANT;  SUSTAINABLE ENERGY;  POWER SECTOR;  THERMAL PLANTS;  ENERGY SUPPLY;  GAS PRODUCTION;  TRANSMISSION GRID;  DOMESTIC RENEWABLE ENERGY;  OPTIONS;  WATER;  ENERGY RESOURCES;  HYDRO PLANT;  CAPACITY FACTOR;  PETROLEUM MARKETS;  ELECTRICITY SUPPLY;  NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION;  REHABILITATION INVESTMENTS;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  POWER PRODUCERS;  DOMESTIC ENERGY RESOURCES;  PETROLEUM PRICE;  PLANT OUTPUT;  POWER GENERATION CAPACITY;  HEAT;  THERMAL EFFICIENCY;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  WHOLESALE PRICES;  SOURCE OF ENERGY;  COST OF GAS;  ELECTRICITY DEMAND;  GAS TRANSMISSION;  HYDRO POWER;  UTILITIES;  GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS;  SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY;  POWER;  QUALITY OF ENERGY;  GAS SUPPLY;  GAS SUPPLIES;  WIND ENERGY;  GAS PRODUCER;  BORDER ELECTRICITY TRADE;  ELECTRICITY TARIFFS;  COST OF ENERGY;  ENERGY BILLS;  PETROLEUM IMPORTS;  NUCLEAR ENERGY;  GENERATING CAPACITY;  ENERGY PRICES;  GAS HUBS;  ENERGY PRODUCTION;  PRIMARY ENERGY;  WIND PROJECTS;  TURBINES;  THERMAL POWER PLANT;  TAX REVENUE;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ELECTRICITY PRICES;  NATURAL GAS MARKET;  NATURAL GAS;  POWER PRODUCER;  THERMAL POWER GENERATION;  GAS PLANTS;  PRICE OF GAS;  COMBUSTION;  DISTRIBUTION GRID;  INVESTMENT;  ENERGY DEVELOPMENT;  NUCLEAR POWER;  TARIFF;  DRILLING;  DEMAND FORECAST;  AVAILABILITY;  RURAL ELECTRIFICATION;  INVESTMENTS;  POWER GENERATION EXPANSION;  RENEWABLE ENERGY –  DEVELOPMENT;  NATURAL GAS PLANTS;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION;  NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION;  PRICES;  GAS DISTRIBUTION;  NATURAL GAS GENERATION;  ENERGY;  Report; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Through a variety of interlinked measures, Turkey’s energy reforms have achieved energy security for a fast-growing economy with rapidly increasing energy needs. These measures include legislation regarding electricity, gas, renewable energy, and energy efficiency; the establishment of an energy sector regulatory authority; energy price reform; the creation of a functional electricity market and large-scale introduction of natural gas; the restructuring of state-owned energy enterprises; and large-scale private sector participation through privatization and new investment. The objectives of this are to: (a) inform future energy reforms and reformers seeking to learn and benefit from Turkey’s experience, and (b) contribute to the dialogue on future energy reforms in Turkey. The report will present Turkey’s accomplishments in developing and implementing market-oriented energy reforms as well as selected key reform challenges going forward. In terms of reform milestones, the primary focus is on the electric power and natural gas sectors, although energy pricing and subsidies in the petroleum sector are also addressed. The report covers mainly the period starting from 2001, when progressive electricity and natural gas market laws were enacted, though the preceding period - from the opening of the energy sector to private investment in 1984 up to the enactment of the new energy market laws in 2001 - is covered briefly to present key milestones and to highlight key lessons. In terms of future challenges, the report discusses the ongoing and unfinished liberalization of the electricity and gas markets as well as required government support, including governance, in the energy sector. The challenges include the reform of the natural gas market, further development of the electricity market, and governance issues in the energy sector. Discussion of environmental and social issues and challenges has been integrated into the relevant sections.