Greenhouse Gases from Geothermal Power Production

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作者：

Fridriksson, Thráinn

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24691

关键词：

GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL;  CALCIUM;  PHOTOSYNTHESIS;  CO2 FLUX;  TOTAL EMISSIONS;  POWER PLANTS;  TEMPERATURE;  CARBON DIOXIDE;  FOSSIL FUELS;  CALCULATION;  AIR QUALITY;  CARBON;  EMISSIONS FROM POWER PLANTS;  CARBONATE MINERALS;  GENERATION;  NATURAL EMISSIONS;  GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY;  GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS;  EMISSIONS;  EMISSION ESTIMATES;  ATMOSPHERE;  CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS;  GHGS;  GEOTHERMAL PROJECTS;  GAS;  PE;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION;  GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS;  GEOTHERMAL SECTOR;  CHEMICAL INHIBITORS;  NATIONAL GRID;  AIR;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  CHEMICAL CHANGES;  TRACE GASES;  RADIATION;  FUGITIVE EMISSIONS;  EMISSION OFFSETS;  CO2;  WATER VAPOR;  EMISSION ESTIMATE;  OIL;  POWER GENERATION;  EMISSION FACTOR;  GAS CONCENTRATIONS;  EMISSION RATE;  SUSTAINABLE ENERGY;  GEOTHERMAL PLANT;  RENEWABLE SOURCE;  KILOWATT HOUR;  CAPACITY;  PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY;  GHG;  CHEMICAL COMPOSITION;  EMISSION DATA;  OPTIONS;  GLOBAL WARMING;  WATER;  CONVERSION PROCESS;  FUGITIVE”  EMISSIONS;  CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  NH3;  HYDROGEN SULFIDE;  EMISSION ANALYSIS;  GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY;  CH4;  GEOTHERMAL ENERGY;  GAS EMISSIONS;  THERMAL ENERGY;  CHEMISTRY;  PRECIPITATION;  HYDROGEN;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  FUELS;  SULFUR;  POWER PRODUCERS;  DRY GAS;  GREENHOUSE GASES;  CARBON EMISSIONS;  SILICATES;  HIGHER GAS;  GREENHOUSE;  EMISSION;  POWER GENERATION FACILITIES;  CARB;  LEAD;  HEAT;  IPCC;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  ELECTRIC POWER;  GEOTHERMAL POWER;  GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS;  POWER;  EMISSIONS DATA;  ELECTRICITY;  GAS SUPPLY;  CLIMATE;  GREEN POWER;  DISTILLATION;  HYDROPOWER;  GLOBAL EMISSION;  ELECTRICITY GENERATION;  COLORS;  FOSSIL FUEL;  EMISSION FACTORS;  ENERGY EXTRACTION;  AMMONIA;  GEOTHERMAL FLUID;  PLANT OPERATIONS;  CO;  ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE;  ENERGY PRODUCTION;  POWER PRODUCTION;  TURBINES;  GAS EMISSION;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  MAGNESIUM;  NATURAL GAS;  COMBUSTION;  INVESTMENT;  GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION;  GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS;  CHEMICAL REACTIONS;  AMBIENT CONDITIONS;  COAL;  FUEL;  DRILLING;  GEOCHEMISTRY;  LESS;  FACILITIES;  GAS CONCENTRATION;  GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES;  CHEMICAL ANALYSIS;  METHANE;  CONDENSATION;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  SPACE HEATING;  GASES;  ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION;  DRY STEAM;  ACID;  FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  FOSSIL;  DISSOLUTION;  APPROACH;  AMBIENT TEMPERATURE;  POWER PLANT;  BENEFITS;  ENERGY;  Report; 

年份：

2016

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Geothermal is a renewable source energy that can be used directly for heating or for power production. Geothermal utilization, particularly power production, may result in some greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions from geothermal power production is generally small in comparison to traditional base load thermal energy power generation facilities. This is mainly due to the fact that the large majority of installations draw their geothermal energy from geothermal reservoirs with low GHG concentrations. However, as the geothermal sector has expanded, a wider range of geothermal resources have been brought into exploitation, including geothermal systems with relatively high GHG concentrations in the reservoir fluid. There is a growing realization within the geothermal community that geothermal power plants can, in rare instances, release significant quantities GHG into the atmosphere. This interim technical note presents an overview of the current knowledge on GHG emissions from geothermal systems and geothermal power plants, and gives guidance on how to assess GHG emissions from geothermal projects when this is required, depending on their stage of development. This note identifies critical knowledge gaps and presents recommendations as to how close these gaps and proposes an interim methodology to estimate GHG emissions from geothermal projects that financing institutions, such as the World Bank, intend to support. The plan is to update this note when the methodology has been tested by application to actual projects and some of the current knowledge gaps have been closed as more information become available. This note proposes a way to estimate future emission factors for geothermal projects under development. For instance, if a pumped binary power plant is planned, the emission factor will be 0. Projects using other energy conversion technologies will result in some emissions. For projects where wells have been drilled and tested, formulas are provided to compute emission factors based on the chemical composition of the geothermal fluid and the design parameters of the power plant. For projects located in the vicinity of existing power plants in analogous geologic settings, emission factors from the existing plants can be used.