Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for the production of attenuated aseptic parasites in haematophagous insects generally, and production of Plasmodium species sporozoites in Anopheles species mosquitoes specifically apparatuses and methods for the production of strains of haematophagous insects with desired properties such as hypoallergenicity or hyperinfectivity methods of producing a parasite strain that is capable of withstanding cyropreservation at temperatures close to freezing apparatuses and methods for the injection of an attenuated parasite vaccine production of parasites and haematophagous insects that are free from contamination by unwanted biological agents apparatuses for the reconstruction of complex parasitic life cycles aseptically to avoid the contamination of the parasite or the insect vector host with unwanted biological agents.
