Disclosed are production of Plasmodium species sporozoites in Anopheles species mosquitoes, specifically； apparatuses and methods for the production of strains of haematophagous insects with desired properties such as hypoallergenicity or hyperinfectivity； methods of producing a parasite strain that is capable of withstanding cyropreservation at temperatures close to freezing； apparatuses and methods for the injection of an attenuated parasite vaccine； production of parasites and haematophagous insects that are free from contamination by unwanted biological agents.
