The invention relates to recombinant vectors based on the Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus as vaccines against leishmaniasis. The inventive vectors contain sequences encoding the LACK protein, which are preferably inserted into the hemagglutinin locus of the virus under the control of a promoter, which enables the expression of same throughout the infection cycle of the virus. The invention comprises stable, safe vectors which elicit a strong immune response that provides protection against leishmaniasis and which, as such, are particularly suitable for use in vaccination against said disease, especially in humans, s well as in the largest animal reservoir of said anthropozoonosis, i.e. dogs.