1. Claim 1: a general formula compound (1),R1 is an equation compound (2) or (3)；M is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5； n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5； P is 0 or 1； q is 0, 1 or 2； R is 0, 1 or 2； X is a link, - C (r739； - r739 ')；-C (O) -- that is...-C (o) 8311 -,-No. 8311； (c) (o) - O-C (o) O -；where Rˣ is selected from halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂₋₆ alkynyl and -OR⁷；Rˣ ’is selected from hydrogen, from halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C al alkenyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C₂₋₆ alkynyl； R⁷ is selected from hydrogen, C o substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C₂₋₆ substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl and C₂₋₆ substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl； Y is -CH₂- or -C (O) -；R¹ ’is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂₋₆ alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl； R² is selected from hydrogen, C o substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C₂₋₆ substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C₂₋₆ substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl , R³ is selected from C₁₋₆-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,C₂₋₆-substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl and C₂₋₆-substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl； R³ ’is selected from hydrogen, C o substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C₂₋₆ substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl and C₂₋₆ substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl； alternatively, R³ and R³ ’can form, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl； R⁴ and R⁴ ’are independently selected from hydrogen, C o substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C₂₋₆ substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, -CHOR⁹ and -C (O)
