Disclosed is a process for producing a collagen/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffold having a porosity of at least 98 per cent (v/v), comprising the step of: (i) forming a homogenous suspension of collagen and HA in an acidic solution, (ii) lyophilising the suspension at a constant cooling rate until a final freezing temperature of between -10 degrees C and -70 degrees C is reached, and (iii) heating the lyophilisation chamber to a sublimation temperature where an ice phase in the formed scaffold is sublimated under vacuum for a suitable period of time to produce the composite scaffold. wherein the ratio of HA to collagen in the suspension is at least 1:10 (w/w), wherein the amount of collagen in the suspension is from 3g/L to 8g/L (w/w). The collagen/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold is useful in bone and tissue regeneration applications such as osteoconductive bone implants, tissue engineering implants, maxillofacial bone graft substitutes, dental bone graft substitutes, cartilage defect repair implants, and osteochondral defect repair implants.
